简介

pip是一个以Python计算机程序语言写成的软件包管理系统,他可以安装和管理软件包,另外不少的软件包也可以在“Python软件包索引”(英语:Python Package Index,简称PyPI)中找到。pip3就是Python3的pip。

能不能在docker容器中安pip装依赖 docker pip_Python

命令行接口

pip 的其中一个主要特点就是其方便使用的命令行接口，这让用户可以透过以下的一句文字命令来轻易地安装 Python 软件包：

pip install

此外，用户也可以轻易地透过以下的命令来移除软件包：

pip uninstall

升级软件包：

pip install -U 或者pip install  --upgrade

pip 也拥有一个透过“需求”文件来管理软件包和其相应版本数目的完整列表之功能，这容许一个完整软件包组合可以在另一个环境(如另一部计算机)或虚拟化环境中进行有效率的重新创造。这个功能可以透过一个已正确进行格式化的文本文件和以下的命令来完成：

pip install -r requirements.txt

显示软件包所在的目录：

pip show -f

搜索包：

pip search

查询可升级的包：

pip list -o

打包：

pip wheel

错误

在命令窗口输入pip3 install numpy，安装报错，出现一大堆类似下图红色的错误

能不能在docker容器中安pip装依赖 docker pip_docker 国内镜像源_02

E:WorkCode>python "Day 1_Data_Preprocessing.py"Traceback (most recent call last):  File "Day 1_Data_Preprocessing.py", line 4, in     import numpy as npModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'numpy'E:WorkCode>pip3 install numpyCollecting numpy  Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/99/29/080d63fb9579b426ea8081dc3f49f89e51912e0fb7d5be4a65cfa87e3898/numpy-1.18.3-cp37-cp37m-win_amd64.whl (12.8MB)     |                                | 10kB 434bytes/s eta 8:09:36ERROR: Exception:Traceback (most recent call last):  File "d:pythonpython37libsite-packagespip_vendor甥汲楬b3esponse.py", line 425, in _error_catcher    yield  File "d:pythonpython37libsite-packagespip_vendor甥汲楬b3esponse.py", line 507, in read    data = self._fp.read(amt) if not fp_closed else b""  File "d:pythonpython37libsite-packagespip_vendorcachecontrolfilewrapper.py", line 62, in read    data = self.__fp.read(amt)  File "d:pythonpython37libhttpclient.py", line 457, in read    n = self.readinto(b)  File "d:pythonpython37libhttpclient.py", line 501, in readinto    n = self.fp.readinto(b)  File "d:pythonpython37libsocket.py", line 589, in readinto    return self._sock.recv_into(b)  File "d:pythonpython37libssl.py", line 1071, in recv_into    return self.read(nbytes, buffer)  File "d:pythonpython37libssl.py", line 929, in read    return self._sslobj.read(len, buffer)socket.timeout: The read operation timed outDuring handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:Traceback (most recent call last):  File "d:pythonpython37libsite-packagespip_internalclibase_command.py", line 153, in _main    status = self.run(options, args)  File "d:pythonpython37libsite-packagespip_internalcommandsinstall.py", line 382, in run    resolver.resolve(requirement_set)  File "d:pythonpython37libsite-packagespip_internallegacy_resolve.py", line 201, in resolve    self._resolve_one(requirement_set, req)  File "d:pythonpython37libsite-packagespip_internallegacy_resolve.py", line 365, in _resolve_one    abstract_dist = self._get_abstract_dist_for(req_to_install)  File "d:pythonpython37libsite-packagespip_internallegacy_resolve.py", line 313, in _get_abstract_dist_for    req, self.session, self.finder, self.require_hashes  File "d:pythonpython37libsite-packagespip_internaloperationsprepare.py", line 194, in prepare_linked_requirement    progress_bar=self.progress_bar  File "d:pythonpython37libsite-packagespip_internaldownload.py", line 465, in unpack_url    progress_bar=progress_bar  File "d:pythonpython37libsite-packagespip_internaldownload.py", line 316, in unpack_http_url    progress_bar)  File "d:pythonpython37libsite-packagespip_internaldownload.py", line 551, in _download_http_url    _download_url(resp, link, content_file, hashes, progress_bar)  File "d:pythonpython37libsite-packagespip_internaldownload.py", line 253, in _download_url    hashes.check_against_chunks(downloaded_chunks)  File "d:pythonpython37libsite-packagespip_internal甥楴獬hashes.py", line 80, in check_against_chunks    for chunk in chunks:  File "d:pythonpython37libsite-packagespip_internaldownload.py", line 223, in written_chunks    for chunk in chunks:  File "d:pythonpython37libsite-packagespip_internal甥楴獬ui.py", line 160, in iter    for x in it:  File "d:pythonpython37libsite-packagespip_internaldownload.py", line 212, in resp_read    decode_cnotallow=False):  File "d:pythonpython37libsite-packagespip_vendor甥汲楬b3esponse.py", line 564, in stream    data = self.read(amt=amt, decode_cnotallow=decode_content)  File "d:pythonpython37libsite-packagespip_vendor甥汲楬b3esponse.py", line 529, in read    raise IncompleteRead(self._fp_bytes_read, self.length_remaining)  File "d:pythonpython37libcontextlib.py", line 130, in __exit__    self.gen.throw(type, value, traceback)  File "d:pythonpython37libsite-packagespip_vendor甥汲楬b3esponse.py", line 430, in _error_catcher    raise ReadTimeoutError(self._pool, None, "Read timed out.")pip._vendor.urllib3.exceptions.ReadTimeoutError: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='files.pythonhosted.org', port=443): Read timed out.WARNING: You are using pip version 19.3.1; however, version 20.0.2 is available.You should consider upgrading via the 'python -m pip install --upgrade pip' command.

这是因为网络的问题，网络不畅下载软件包超时，可以使用国内的镜像源来加速,比如阿里源

解决方案

方案一

pip3 install 加上 -i –trusted-host 阿里源镜像地址

E:WorkCode>pip3 install numpy -i http://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple --trusted-host mirrors.aliyun.comLooking in indexes: http://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simpleCollecting numpy  Downloading http://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/packages/99/29/080d63fb9579b426ea8081dc3f49f89e51912e0fb7d5be4a65cfa87e3898/numpy-1.18.3-cp37-cp37m-win_amd64.whl (12.8MB)     |████████████████████████████████| 12.8MB 6.8MB/sInstalling collected packages: numpySuccessfully installed numpy-1.18.3WARNING: You are using pip version 19.3.1; however, version 20.0.2 is available.You should consider upgrading via the 'python -m pip install --upgrade pip' command.

perfect, 速度杠杠的

方案二

当然我还是喜欢一劳永逸的方法，每次install 都要带上一长串镜像地址参数实在

能不能在docker容器中安pip装依赖 docker pip_python_03

下面开始我的表演，进入系统 %AppData% 就是 C:甥敳獲用户名AppDataRoaming

能不能在docker容器中安pip装依赖 docker pip_docker 国内镜像源_04

在这个目录下创建一个pip文件夹，在pip文件夹下新建pip.ini文件，打开pip.ini配置国内镜像源输入内容如下

[global]timeout = 6000index-url = http://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simpletrusted-host = mirrors.aliyun.com

保存退出，欧了这样每次install 都会使用国内镜像加速

Linux下，修改 ~/.pip/pip.conf (没有就创建一个文件夹及文件。文件夹要加“.”，表示是隐藏文件夹)

[global]index-url = http://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple[install]trusted-host = mirrors.aliyun.com

方案三

当然你还可以写几行python完成上面的操作，创建python文件(xx.py)

import os  ini="""[global]index-url = https://pypi.doubanio.com/simple/[install]trusted-host=pypi.doubanio.com""" pippath=os.environ["USERPROFILE"]+"pip"  if not os.path.exists(pippath):     os.mkdir(pippath)  with open(pippath+"pip.ini","w+") as f:     f.write(ini)

在cmd上运行这个xx.py 文件，效果与二等同

python .xx.py

常用国内镜像

https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple/# 清华大学https://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple/# 阿里云https://pypi.douban.com/simple/# 豆瓣https://pypi.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/simple/# 中国科学技术大学https://pypi.hustunique.com/# 华中科技大学