阅读目录
- 1.帮助命令
- 2.镜像命令
- 3.容器命令
- 4.常用的其他命令
- 5.常用命令总结(速记回顾)
1.帮助命令
docker version #显示docker的版本信息
docker info #显示docker的系统信息,包括镜像和容器的数量
docker 命令 --help #万能命令
2.镜像命令
docker image 查看所有本地的主机上的镜像
[root@liustudy /]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
hello-world latest feb5d9fea6a5 6 months ago 13.3kB
#解释
REPOSITORY 镜像的仓库源
TAG 镜像的标签
IMAGE ID 镜像的id
CREATED 镜像的创建时间
SIZE 镜像的大小
#可选项
Options:
-a, --all # 列出所有的镜像
-q, --quiet #只显示出镜像的id
docker search 镜像搜索
[root@liustudy /]# docker search mysql
NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
mysql MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation… 12353 [OK]
mariadb MariaDB Server is a high performing open sou… 4756 [OK]
#可选项,通过搜索来过滤
--filter=STARS=3000 #搜索出来的镜像就是stars大于3000的
[root@liustudy /]# docker search mysql --filter=STARS=3000
NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
mysql MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation… 12353 [OK]
mariadb MariaDB Server is a high performing open sou… 4756 [OK]
docker pull 下载镜像
[root@liustudy /]# docker pull mysql
Using default tag: latest #如果不写 tag ,默认就是latest(最新版本)
latest: Pulling from library/mysql
72a69066d2fe: Pull complete #分层下载,docker image的核心 联合文件系统
93619dbc5b36: Pull complete
99da31dd6142: Pull complete
626033c43d70: Pull complete
37d5d7efb64e: Pull complete
ac563158d721: Pull complete
d2ba16033dad: Pull complete
688ba7d5c01a: Pull complete
00e060b6d11d: Pull complete
1c04857f594f: Pull complete
4d7cfa90e6ea: Pull complete
e0431212d27d: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:e9027fe4d91c0153429607251656806cc784e914937271037f7738bd5b8e7709 #签名验证
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:latest
docker.io/library/mysql:latest #真实地址
# 这两个是等价的
docker pull mysql
docker pull docker.io/library/mysql:latest
#指定版本下载
这里的版本一定要在官网能找到,但官网只列出了一部分版本,更具体的版本可以根据需求尝试在xshell中输入命令下载。例如:
[root@liustudy /]# docker pull mysql:8.0.28
8.0.23: Pulling from library/mysql
bf5952930446: Already exists
8254623a9871: Already exists
938e3e06dac4: Already exists
ea28ebf28884: Already exists
f3cef38785c2: Already exists
894f9792565a: Already exists
1d8a57523420: Already exists
5f09bf1d31c1: Pull complete
1b6ff254abe7: Pull complete
74310a0bf42d: Pull complete
d398726627fd: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:da58f943b94721d46e87d5de208dc07302a8b13e638cd1d24285d222376d6d84
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:8.0.23
docker.io/library/mysql:8.0.23
docker rmi 删除镜像
docker rmi -f 镜像id #删除指定的镜像
docker rmi -f 镜像id 镜像id 镜像id #删除多个镜像
docker rmi -f $(docker images -aq) #递归删除全部镜像
3.容器命令
说明:我们有了镜像才可创建容器,linux,下载一个centos镜像来测试学习
docker pull centos
新建容器并启动
docker run [可选参数] image
#参数说明
--name="Name" 容器名字 Tomcat01 Tomcat02 用来区分容器
-d 后台方式运行
-it 使用交互方式运行,进入容器查看内容
-P(大写) 指定容器的端口 -P 8080:8080
-P 主机端口:容器端口(常用)
-P 容器端口
-P ip:主机端口:容器端口
容器端口
-p(小写) 随机指定端口
#测试,启动并进入容器
[root@liustudy /]# docker run -it centos /bin/bash
[root@dbf20d3268b4 /]# 可以发现启动后主机名发生了变化,这里的主机名就是下载的centos的id
[root@dbf20d3268b4 /]# ls (查看容器内的centos,很多的命令都是不完善的)
bin dev etc home lib lib64 lost+found media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var
#从容器中退回主机
[root@dbf20d3268b4 /]# exit
exit
[root@liustudy /]# ls
bin boot dev etc home lib lib64 lost+found media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var
列出所有的运行容器
#docker ps 命令
#列出正在运行的容器
-a #列出当前正在运行的容器
-n=? #显示最近创建的容器
-q #只显示容器的编号
[root@liustudy /]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
[root@liustudy /]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
dbf20d3268b4 centos "/bin/bash" 4 minutes ago Exited (0) About a minute ago suspicious_cohen
790e2b39d16d hello-world "/hello" 25 hours ago Exited (0) 25 hours ago goofy_bohr
退出容器
exit #直接容器停止并退出
Ctrl + P +Q #容器不停止退出
删除容器
docker rm 容器id #删除指定的容器,不能删除正在运行的容器
docker rm -f $(docker ps -aq) #删除指全部的容器
docker ps -a -q|xargs docker rm #删除所有的容器
个人理解
镜像相当于类,容器相当于实例,一个镜像可以创建多个容器。
镜像就像手机里的软件安装包,而容器就是已经安装好软件。
启动和停止容器的操作
docker start 容器id #启动容器
docker restart 容器id #重启容器
docker stop 容器id #停止当前正在运行的容器
docker kill 容器id #强制停止当前容器
4.常用的其他命令
后台启动容器
#命令docker run -d 镜像名
[root@liustudy ~]# docker run -d centos
重点:
#问题docker ps ,发现centos 停止了
#常见的坑: docker 容器后台运行,就必须要有一个前台进程,docker发现没有应用,就会自动停止。
#nginx,容器启动后,发现自己没有提供服务,就会立刻停止,就是没有程序了
查看日志
docker logs -f -t --tail 容器,没有日志
# 自己编写一段shell脚本
[root@liustudy ~] docker run -d centos /bin/sh -c "while true;do echo liusir;sleep 1;done"
[root@liustudy ~] docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
a0d580a21251 centos "/bin/sh -c 'while t…" 3 seconds ago Up 1 second lucid_black
# 显示日志
-tf # 显示日志
--tail number # 显示日志条数
[root@liustudy ~] docker logs -tf --tail 10 a0d580a21251
查看容器中的进程信息
# 命令 docker top 容器id
[root@liustudy ~] docker top df358bc06b17
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY
root 28498 28482 0 19:38 ?
#命令 docker inspect 容器id
[root@liustudy ~]# docker inspect 077740ea2692
[
{
"Id": "077740ea2692c9b3488eba0c76731e5b87dcee12cd203d28addfe3619f85c75a",
"Created": "2022-04-05T13:35:18.766399969Z",
"Path": "/bin/bash",
"Args": [],
"State": {
"Status": "exited",
"Running": false,
"Paused": false,
"Restarting": false,
"OOMKilled": false,
"Dead": false,
"Pid": 0,
"ExitCode": 0,
"Error": "",
"StartedAt": "2022-04-05T13:36:17.146585512Z",
"FinishedAt": "2022-04-05T13:36:46.255189061Z"
},
"Image": "sha256:5d0da3dc976460b72c77d94c8a1ad043720b0416bfc16c52c45d4847e53fadb6",
"ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/077740ea2692c9b3488eba0c76731e5b87dcee12cd203d28addfe3619f85c75a/resolv.conf",
"HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/077740ea2692c9b3488eba0c76731e5b87dcee12cd203d28addfe3619f85c75a/hostname",
"HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/077740ea2692c9b3488eba0c76731e5b87dcee12cd203d28addfe3619f85c75a/hosts",
"LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/077740ea2692c9b3488eba0c76731e5b87dcee12cd203d28addfe3619f85c75a/077740ea2692c9b3488eba0c76731e5b87dcee12cd203d28addfe3619f85c75a-json.log",
"Name": "/sleepy_murdock",
"RestartCount": 0,
"Driver": "overlay2",
"Platform": "linux",
"MountLabel": "",
"ProcessLabel": "",
"AppArmorProfile": "",
"ExecIDs": null,
"HostConfig": {
"Binds": null,
"ContainerIDFile": "",
"LogConfig": {
"Type": "json-file",
"Config": {}
},
"NetworkMode": "default",
"PortBindings": {},
"RestartPolicy": {
"Name": "no",
"MaximumRetryCount": 0
},
"AutoRemove": false,
"VolumeDriver": "",
"VolumesFrom": null,
"CapAdd": null,
"CapDrop": null,
"CgroupnsMode": "host",
"Dns": [],
"DnsOptions": [],
"DnsSearch": [],
"ExtraHosts": null,
"GroupAdd": null,
"IpcMode": "private",
"Cgroup": "",
"Links": null,
"OomScoreAdj": 0,
"PidMode": "",
"Privileged": false,
"PublishAllPorts": false,
"ReadonlyRootfs": false,
"SecurityOpt": null,
"UTSMode": "",
"UsernsMode": "",
"ShmSize": 67108864,
"Runtime": "runc",
"ConsoleSize": [
0,
0
],
"Isolation": "",
"CpuShares": 0,
"Memory": 0,
"NanoCpus": 0,
"CgroupParent": "",
"BlkioWeight": 0,
"BlkioWeightDevice": [],
"BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
"BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
"BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
"BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
"CpuPeriod": 0,
"CpuQuota": 0,
"CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
"CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
"CpusetCpus": "",
"CpusetMems": "",
"Devices": [],
"DeviceCgroupRules": null,
"DeviceRequests": null,
"KernelMemory": 0,
"KernelMemoryTCP": 0,
"MemoryReservation": 0,
"MemorySwap": 0,
"MemorySwappiness": null,
"OomKillDisable": false,
"PidsLimit": null,
"Ulimits": null,
"CpuCount": 0,
"CpuPercent": 0,
"IOMaximumIOps": 0,
"IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
"MaskedPaths": [
"/proc/asound",
"/proc/acpi",
"/proc/kcore",
"/proc/keys",
"/proc/latency_stats",
"/proc/timer_list",
"/proc/timer_stats",
"/proc/sched_debug",
"/proc/scsi",
"/sys/firmware"
],
"ReadonlyPaths": [
"/proc/bus",
"/proc/fs",
"/proc/irq",
"/proc/sys",
"/proc/sysrq-trigger"
]
},
"GraphDriver": {
"Data": {
"LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/4f7e7b5ae2a64aec251566a766796c5356d30e3337d2377f77ca8f794f789f7f-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/2b4486963b88a10a7f3c5a4dc95f3b9f6435644fa9f6da1dfa941c720938ffb0/diff",
"MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/4f7e7b5ae2a64aec251566a766796c5356d30e3337d2377f77ca8f794f789f7f/merged",
"UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/4f7e7b5ae2a64aec251566a766796c5356d30e3337d2377f77ca8f794f789f7f/diff",
"WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/4f7e7b5ae2a64aec251566a766796c5356d30e3337d2377f77ca8f794f789f7f/work"
},
"Name": "overlay2"
},
"Mounts": [],
"Config": {
"Hostname": "077740ea2692",
"Domainname": "",
"User": "",
"AttachStdin": true,
"AttachStdout": true,
"AttachStderr": true,
"Tty": true,
"OpenStdin": true,
"StdinOnce": true,
"Env": [
"PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
],
"Cmd": [
"/bin/bash"
],
"Image": "centos",
"Volumes": null,
"WorkingDir": "",
"Entrypoint": null,
"OnBuild": null,
"Labels": {
"org.label-schema.build-date": "20210915",
"org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2",
"org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image",
"org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0",
"org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS"
}
},
"NetworkSettings": {
"Bridge": "",
"SandboxID": "f3927ee6b9d3bb7dab9f1ff419b4c8a479f3f331dada6019d06b4a1a11c05e36",
"HairpinMode": false,
"LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
"LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"Ports": {},
"SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/f3927ee6b9d3",
"SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
"SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
"EndpointID": "",
"Gateway": "",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"IPAddress": "",
"IPPrefixLen": 0,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"MacAddress": "",
"Networks": {
"bridge": {
"IPAMConfig": null,
"Links": null,
"Aliases": null,
"NetworkID": "f85498d264d5e377c2b8829adfebceb1371975d1c935c2b4e51166ddb271adb9",
"EndpointID": "",
"Gateway": "",
"IPAddress": "",
"IPPrefixLen": 0,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"MacAddress": "",
"DriverOpts": null
}
}
}
}
]
进入当前正在运行的容器
#通常容器都是使用后台方式进行运行的,需要进入容器,修改一些配置
# 方式一:
# 命令
docker exec -it 容器id bashShell
# 测试
[root@liustudy ~] docker exec -it df358bc06b17 /bin/bash
[root@liustudy ~] ls
bin etc lib lost+found mnt proc run srv tmp var
dev home lib64 media opt root sbin sys usr
[root@df358bc06b17 /]# ps -ef
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
root 1 0 0 Aug11 pts/0 00:00:00 /bin/bash
root 29 0 0 01:06 pts/1 00:00:00 /bin/bash
root 43 29 0 01:06 pts/1 00:00:00 ps -ef
# 方式二
docker attach 容器id
# docker exec # 进入容器后开启一个新的终端,可以在里面操作
# docker attach # 进入容器正在执行的终端,不会启动新的进程
从容器中拷贝文件到主机上
docker cp 容器id:容器内文件路径 目的地主机路径
[root@liustudy ~]# docker cp 7af535f807e0:/home/Test.java /home
5.常用命令总结(速记回顾)
#当前shel1 下attach连接指定运行镜像
attach Attach to a running container
#通过Dockerfile定制镜像
build Bui1d an image from a Dockerfile
#提交当前容器为新的镜像cp
commit Create a new image from a container changes
#从容器中拷贝指定文件或者目录到宿主机中
cp Copy files/folders from the containers filesystem to the host path
#创建一个新的容器,同run,但不启动容器
create Create a new container
#查看docker容器变化
diff Inspect changes on aIcontainer 's filesystem
#从docker服务获取容器实时事件
events Get real time events from the server
#在已存在的容器上运行命令
exec Run a command in an existing container
#导出容器的内容流作为一个 tar归档文件[对应import ]
export Stream the contents of a container as a tar archive
#展示一个镜像形成历史
history show the history of an image
#列出系统当前镜像
images List images
#从tar包中的内容创建一个新的文件系统映像[对应export]
import Create a new filesystem image from the contents of a tarbal1
#显示系统相关信息
info Display system-wide information
#查看容器详细信息
inspect Return low-level information on a container
#ki11指定docker容器
kill Kill a running container
#从一个tar包中加载一个镜像[对应save]
1oad Load an image from a tar archive
#注册或者登陆一个docker 源服务器
login Register or Login to the docker registry server
#从当前 Docker registry 退出
logout Log out from a Docker registry server
#输出当前容器日志信息
logs Fetch the logs of a container
#查看映射端口对应的容器内部源端
port Lookup the public-facing port which is NAT-ed to PRIVATE_PORT
#暂停容器
pause Pause a11 processes within a container
#列出容器列表
ps List containers
# 从docker镜像源服务器拉取指定镜像或者库镜像
pull Pul1 an image or a repository from the docker registry server
#推送指定镜像或者库镜像至docker源服务器
push Push an image or a repository to thel docker registry server
#重启运行的容器
restart Restart a running container
#移除—个或者多个容器
rm Remove one or more containers
#移除一个或多个镜像[无容器使用该镜像才可删除,否则需删除相关容器才可继续或-f强制珊除]
rmi Remove one or more images
#创建一个新的容器并运行一个命令
run Run a command in a new container
#保存一个镜像为一个tar包[对应1oad]
save save an image to a tar archive
# 在docker hub中搜索镜像
search search for anjimage on the Docker Hub
#启动容器
start Start a stopped containers
#停止容器
stop stop a running containers
#给源中镜像打标签
tag Tag an image into a repository
#查看容器中运行的进程信息
top Lookup the running processes of a container
#取消暂停容器
unpause Unpause a paused container
#查看docker版本号
version Show the docker version information
#截取容器停止时的退出状态值
wait Block until a container stops,then print its exit code
docker常用命令:
重启docker服务 sudo service docker restart
关闭docker服务 docker service docker stop
开启docker服务 docker service docker start
查看当前运行的容器:docker ps
查询存在的容器:docker ps -a
删除容器:docker rm CONTAINERID
强制删除容器:docker rm -f CONTAINERID
不能够删除一个正在运行的容器,会报错。需要先停止容器。
查看镜像:docker images
删除镜像:docker rmi IMAGEID
强制删除镜像:docker rmi -f IMAGEID
利用镜像创建容器:docker run --name centos -itd centos:latest
注:-i表示让容器的标准输入打开,-t表示分配一个伪终端,-d表示后台启动,要把-i -t -d 放到镜像名字前面,--name指定容器名。