文章目录
- docker Compose
- docker Compose简介和安装
- docker compose实现
- 通过docker compose创建容器
- docker-compose常见操作
- scale扩缩容
- docker Swarm
- install Swarm
- 搭建Swarm集群
- Swarm基本操作
- Service
- Internal
docker Compose
docker compose在单机下管理容器
docker Compose简介和安装
官网
:https://docs.docker.com/compose/
Compose is a tool for defining and running multi-container Docker applications.
With Compose, you use a YAML file to configure your application’s services. Then, with a single command, you create and start all the services from your configuration.
docker compose实现
同样的前期准备
1、新建目录,比如composetest
2、进入目录,编写app.py代码
3、创建requirements.txt文件
4、编写Dockerfile
编写docker-compose.yaml文件
默认名称,当然也可以指定,docker-compose.yaml
version: '3'
services:
web:
build: .
ports:
- "5000:5000"
networks:
- app-net
redis:
image: "redis:alpine"
networks:
- app-net
networks:
app-net:
driver: bridge
通过docker compose创建容器
docker-compose up -d
docker-compose常见操作
(1)查看版本
docker-compose version
(2)根据yml创建service
docker-compose up
指定yaml:docker-compose up -f xxx.yaml
后台运行:docker-compose up
(3)查看启动成功的service
docker-compose ps
也可以使用docker ps
(4)查看images
docker-compose images
(5)停止/启动service
docker-compose stop/start
(6)删除service[同时会删除掉network和volume]
docker-compose down
(7)进入到某个service
docker-compose exec redis sh
scale扩缩容
(1)修改docker-compose.yaml文件,主要是把web的ports去掉,不然会报错
version: '3'
services:
web:
build: .
networks:
- app-net
redis:
image: "redis:alpine"
networks:
- app-net
networks:
app-net:
driver: bridge
(2)创建service
docker-compose up -d
(3)若要对python容器进行扩缩容
docker-compose up --scale web=5 -d
docker-compose ps
docker-compose logs web
docker Swarm
install Swarm
环境准备:
(1)根据Vagrantfile创建3台centos机器
[大家可以根据自己实际的情况准备3台centos机器,不一定要使用vagrant+virtualbox]
(2)进入到对应的centos里面,使得root账户能够登陆,从而使用XShell登陆
vagrant ssh manager-node/worker01-node/worker02-node
sudo -i
vi /etc/ssh/sshd_config
修改PasswordAuthentication yes
passwd 修改密码
systemctl restart sshd
(3)在mac(win)上ping一下各个主机,看是否能ping通
ping 192.168.0.11/12/13
(4)在每台机器上安装docker engine
搭建Swarm集群
(1)进入manager
提示
:manager node也可以作为worker node提供服务
docker swarm init --advertise-addr=192.168.0.11
注意观察日志,拿到worker node加入manager node的信息
docker swarm join --token SWMTKN-1-0a5ph4nehwdm9wzcmlbj2ckqqso38pkd238rprzwcoawabxtdq-arcpra6yzltedpafk3qyvv0y3 192.168.0.11:2377
(2)进入两个worker
docker swarm join --token SWMTKN-1-0a5ph4nehwdm9wzcmlbj2ckqqso38pkd238rprzwcoawabxtdq-arcpra6yzltedpafk3qyvv0y3 192.168.0.11:2377
日志打印
This node joined a swarm as a worker.
(3)进入到manager node查看集群状态
docker node ls
(4)node类型的转换
可以将worker提升成manager,从而保证manager的高可用
docker node promote worker01-node
docker node promote worker02-node
#降级可以用demote
docker node demote worker01-node
Swarm基本操作
Service
(1)创建一个tomcat的service
docker service create --name my-tomcat tomcat
(2)查看当前swarm的service
docker service ls
(3)查看service的启动日志
docker service logs my-tomcat
(4)查看service的详情
docker service inspect my-tomcat
(5)查看my-tomcat运行在哪个node上
docker service ps my-tomcat
日志
ID NAME IMAGE NODE DESIRED STATE CURRENT STATE ERROR PORTS
u6o4mz4tj396 my-tomcat.1 tomcat:latest worker01-node Running Running 3 minutes ago
(6)水平扩展service
docker service scale my-tomcat=3
docker service ls
docker service ps my-tomcat
日志
:可以发现,其他node上都运行了一个my-tomcat的service
[root@manager-node ~]# docker service ps my-tomcat
ID NAME IMAGE NODE DESIRED STATE CURRENT STATE ERROR PORTS
u6o4mz4tj396 my-tomcat.1 tomcat:latest worker01-node Running Running 8 minutes ago
v505wdu3fxqo my-tomcat.2 tomcat:latest manager-node Running Running 46 seconds ago
wpbsilp62sc0 my-tomcat.3 tomcat:latest worker02-node Running Running 49 seconds ago
此时到worker01-node上:docker ps,可以发现container的name和service名称不一样,这点要知道
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
bc4b9bb097b8 tomcat:latest "catalina.sh run" 10 minutes ago Up 10 minutes 8080/tcp my-tomcat.1.u6o4mz4tj3969a1p3mquagxok
(7)如果某个node上的my-tomcat挂掉了,这时候会自动扩展
[worker01-node]
docker rm -f containerid
[manager-node]
docker service ls
docker service ps my-tomcat
(8)删除service
docker service rm my-tomcat
Internal
swarm就是采用Internal技术来做的负载均衡。
之前在实战wordpress+mysql的时候,发现wordpress中可以直接通过mysql名称访问
这样可以说明两点,第一是其中一定有dns解析,第二是两个service的ip是能够ping通的
思考
:不妨再创建一个service,也同样使用上述tomcat的overlay网络,然后来实验docker service create --name whoami -p 8000:8000 --network my-overlay-net -d jwilder/whoami
(1)查看whoami的情况
docker service ps whoami
(2)在各自容器中互相ping一下彼此,也就是容器间的通信
#tomcat容器中ping whoami
docker exec -it 9d7d4c2b1b80 ping whoami
64 bytes from bogon (10.0.0.8): icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.050 ms
64 bytes from bogon (10.0.0.8): icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.080 ms
#whoami容器中ping tomcat
docker exec -it 5c4fe39e7f60 ping tomcat
64 bytes from bogon (10.0.0.18): icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.050 ms
64 bytes from bogon (10.0.0.18): icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.080 ms
(3)将whoami进行扩容
docker service scale whoami=3
docker service ps whoami #manager,worker01,worker02
(4)此时再ping whoami service,并且访问whoami服务
#ping
docker exec -it 9d7d4c2b1b80 ping whoami
64 bytes from bogon (10.0.0.8): icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.055 ms
64 bytes from bogon (10.0.0.8): icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.084 ms
#访问
docker exec -it 9d7d4c2b1b80 curl whoami:8000 [多访问几次]
I'm 09f4158c81ae
I'm aebc574dc990
I'm 7755bc7da921
小结
:通过上述的实验可以发现什么?whoami服务对其他服务暴露的ip是不变的,但是通过whoami名称访问8000端口,确实访问到的是不同的service,就说明访问其实是像下面这张图。
也就是说whoami service对其他服务提供了一个统一的VIP入口,别的服务访问时会做负载均衡。