windows安装pem格式的证书 pem文件怎么安装

前言:上篇写了结合svn钩子做版本控制puppet master代码，后续的操作都要在windows客户端使用svn完成操作，如果直接在服务器端操作，svn的钩子就会出现同步失败和不同步的问题.

解决:pkill svn && svnserve -d -r /data/puppet_co/  #重启操作

1、安装完puppet查看puppet的主配置文件目录:

#puppet agent --configprint confdir
/etc/puppet

2、设置puppet/puppet server 服务开机自启动:

# chkconfig puppetmaster on
# chkconfig puppet on

3、puppet master 的启动：

/etc/init.d/puppetmaster start

4、查看puppet master是否启动成功.

/etc/init.d/puppetmaster status

5、puppet.conf的原先配置文件做备份，使用下面的命令生成Master资源追加到puppet.conf文件(各agent端就不需要了).

#puppet master --genconfig >> /etc/puppet/puppet.conf

注意:下面这块我使用命令将注释行去掉了，并不是生成的就没有注释，下面有些参数注释掉，是因为下面报警告，我做了优化贴出来的最新的.

[root@puppet puppet]# cat /etc/puppet/puppet.conf   
 
  
[main]
    logdir = /var/log/puppet
    rundir = /var/run/puppet
    ssldir = $vardir/ssl
    server = puppet
    autoflush = false
    listen=true
    configtimeout = 1800
    runinterval=20m
 
  

 
  
[agent]
    classfile = $vardir/classes.txt
    localconfig = $vardir/localconfig
    report = true
 
  
[master]
    dblocation = /var/lib/puppet/state/clientconfigs.sqlite3
    railslog = /var/log/puppet/rails.log
    rundir = /var/run/puppet
    http_keepalive_timeout = 4
    passfile = /var/lib/puppet/ssl/private/password
    inventory_terminus = yaml
    csr_attributes = /etc/puppet/csr_attributes.yaml
    hostcert = /var/lib/puppet/ssl/certs/puppet.localdomain.pem
    environment_timeout = 0
    factpath = /var/lib/puppet/lib/facter:/var/lib/puppet/facts
    httplog = /var/log/puppet/http.log
    logdir = /var/log/puppet
    ssldir = /var/lib/puppet/ssl
    catalog_terminus = compiler
    route_file = /etc/puppet/routes.yaml
    hostpubkey = /var/lib/puppet/ssl/public_keys/puppet.localdomain.pem
    vardir = /var/lib/puppet
    requestdir = /var/lib/puppet/ssl/certificate_requests
    pluginsource = puppet://puppet/plugins
    facts_terminus = yaml
    node_cache_terminus = write_only_yaml
    immutable_node_data = false
    privatedir = /var/lib/puppet/ssl/private
    pluginfactsource = puppet://puppet/pluginfacts
    libdir = /var/lib/puppet/lib
    hiera_config = /etc/puppet/hiera.yaml
    hostcrl = /var/lib/puppet/ssl/crl.pem
    hostcsr = /var/lib/puppet/ssl/csr_puppet.localdomain.pem
    default_file_terminus = rest
    certdir = /var/lib/puppet/ssl/certs
    certname = puppet
    certificate_expire_warning = 5184000
    hostprivkey = /var/lib/puppet/ssl/private_keys/puppet.localdomain.pem
    confdir = /etc/puppet
    publickeydir = /var/lib/puppet/ssl/public_keys
    plugindest = /var/lib/puppet/lib
    node_terminus = plain
    statedir = /var/lib/puppet/state
    filetimeout = 15
    localcacert = /var/lib/puppet/ssl/certs/ca.pem
    name = master
    privatekeydir = /var/lib/puppet/ssl/private_keys
    pluginfactdest = /var/lib/puppet/facts.d
    data_binding_terminus = hiera
    preview_outputdir = /var/lib/puppet/preview
    yamldir = /var/lib/puppet/yaml
    #masterlog = /var/log/puppet/puppetmaster.log
    masterport = 8140
    rest_authconfig = /etc/puppet/auth.conf
    #manifestdir = /etc/puppet/manifests
    server_datadir = /var/lib/puppet/server_data
    masterhttplog = /var/log/puppet/masterhttp.log
    #modulepath = /etc/puppet/modules:/usr/share/puppet/modules
    reportdir = /var/lib/puppet/reports
    storeconfigs_backend = active_record
    bucketdir = /var/lib/puppet/bucket
    fileserverconfig = /etc/puppet/fileserver.conf
    #manifest = /etc/puppet/manifests/site.pp
    basemodulepath = /etc/puppet/modules:/usr/share/puppet/modules
    #templatedir = /var/lib/puppet/templates
    waitforcert = 120
    statefile = /var/lib/puppet/state/state.yaml
    inventory_server = puppet
    puppetdlog = /var/log/puppet/puppetd.log
    client_datadir = /var/lib/puppet/client_data
    lastrunfile = /var/lib/puppet/state/last_run_summary.yaml
    agent_disabled_lockfile = /var/lib/puppet/state/agent_disabled.lock
    runinterval = 1800
    resourcefile = /var/lib/puppet/state/resources.txt
    node_name_value = puppet.localdomain
    configtimeout = 120
    ca_port = 8140
    localconfig = /var/lib/puppet/state/localconfig
    report_port = 8140
    clientyamldir = /var/lib/puppet/client_yaml
    inventory_port = 8140
    splaylimit = 1800
    agent_catalog_run_lockfile = /var/lib/puppet/state/agent_catalog_run.lock
    classfile = /var/lib/puppet/state/classes.txt
    lastrunreport = /var/lib/puppet/state/last_run_report.yaml
    clientbucketdir = /var/lib/puppet/clientbucket
    ca_server = puppet
    graphdir = /var/lib/puppet/state/graphs
    report_server = puppet
    tagmap = /etc/puppet/tagmail.conf
    config = /etc/puppet/puppet.conf
    bindaddress = 0.0.0.0
    pidfile = /var/run/puppet/master.pid
    ca_ttl = 157680000
    capub = /var/lib/puppet/ssl/ca/ca_pub.pem
    serial = /var/lib/puppet/ssl/ca/serial
    caprivatedir = /var/lib/puppet/ssl/ca/private
    signeddir = /var/lib/puppet/ssl/ca/signed
    cadir = /var/lib/puppet/ssl/ca
    autosign = /etc/puppet/autosign.conf
    cakey = /var/lib/puppet/ssl/ca/ca_key.pem
    cacrl = /var/lib/puppet/ssl/ca/ca_crl.pem
    cert_inventory = /var/lib/puppet/ssl/ca/inventory.txt
    csrdir = /var/lib/puppet/ssl/ca/requests
    ca_name = Puppet CA: puppet.localdomain
    capass = /var/lib/puppet/ssl/ca/private/ca.pass
    cacert = /var/lib/puppet/ssl/ca/ca_crt.pem
    module_skeleton_dir = /var/lib/puppet/puppet-module/skeleton
    module_working_dir = /var/lib/puppet/puppet-module
    rrdinterval = 1800
    rrddir = /var/lib/puppet/rrd
    archive_file_server = puppet
    devicedir = /var/lib/puppet/devices
    deviceconfig = /etc/puppet/device.conf
    reports = store, http
    reporturl = http://192.168.30.134:3000/reports/upload

注意:并不是生成的所有参数都会用到，只保留启动Master守护进程的基本参数也是可以的,这块偷个懒直接用生成的.

6、Master配置puppet.conf文件.(下面的参数有则修改，无则增加)

vim /etc/puppet/puppet.conf

[main] #指定了puppet端的服务地址. server = puppet #客户端获取配置超时时间. configtimeout = 1800 #客户端执行时间间隔，如果不设置默认为30分钟. runinterval=20m #是否实时刷新日志到磁盘. autoflush = false listen=true

[agent] #生成报告 report = true

[master] 修改项: certname = puppet #报告存放的目录，客户端每次执行会生成一份以日期+时间命名的yaml文件报告. reportdir = /var/lib/puppet/reports #自动授权签名配置文件. autosign = /etc/puppet/autosign.conf #puppet master服务端监听的地址. bindaddress = 0.0.0.0 #puppetmaster服务端监听端口. masterport = 8140 #通过此参数看到执行中的过程与变化 evaltrace = false #上传方式 reports = store, http #http上传时的地址 reporturl = http://192.168.30.134:3000/reports/upload

配置完成后重启puppet 服务.

/etc/init.d/puppetmaster restart

7、puppet auth.conf配置文件:

旧版本中文件为authconfig文件，使用XMLRPC协议，XMLRPC是使用http协议作为传输协议的RPC机制，使用XML文本的方式，效率底下.

Master本身是由Web Server提供Agent访问，如果没有权限控制，Agent就可以遍历Master上的资源.

auth.conf文件主要负责Agent访问Master服务器上一些目录和配置文件的权限和认证，它的官方名称时http network api，为了使用安全，Agent访问master过程中，使用https协议进行通讯交互.

https://{server}:{port}/{environment}/{resource}/{key}

auth.conf配置文件共7个参数:

参数:path、environment、method、auth、allow、allow_ip、deny的组合形成了Agent访问Master目录权限控制的ACL(权限控制列表).

path参数:指定acl的路径，path后接系统路径、正则表达式、路径前缀和资源等信息.

environment参数:可以包含一个环境或者多个环境列表，不设置默认为所有环境.puppet环境主要用于灰度.

method参数:包含find(查找)、search(搜索)、save(保存)和destroy(销毁)，可以在method后设置任意一个参数或用逗号做分割设置多个参数,默认为所有参数.

auth参数:auth参数包含yes和on、any和no或off，不同的参数可以匹配不同的请求，默认值为yes或on.

auth设置为yes或on均表示匹配那些已经通过认证的agent请求.

auth设置为any意味着只匹配认证进行中和没有被认证的请求.

auth设置on或off，均表示匹配未认证过的agrnt请求，认证过的请求将会跳过此ACL。

allow参数:值为hostname和certname，puppet2.7.1以后支持perl或ruby正则表达式.

allow_ip参数:后接一个ip或ip的网段，表示允许指定ip范围通过.

deny参数:后接一个ip、多个ip、网段或域名等，表示禁止这些范围访问master的目录权限.

举例一:

允许lisi.example.com域访问/facts
path /facts
method find,search
auth yes
allow lisi.example.com

举例二:
匹配192.168.30.0/24段ip地址认证中或没有被认证的情况下访问catalog。
path ~ ^/catalog
auth any
allow_ip 192.168.30.0/24

举例三:
进制guest.puppet.com访问/
path /
deny guest.puppet.com

提示:puppet源码安装auth.conf文件放在源码安装目录里，RPM方式安装auth.conf文件安装到/etc/puppet目录里.

8、namespaceauth.conf文件：

/etc/puppet/namespaceauth.conf配置文件,RPM安装默认/etc/puppet是没有这个文件的，这个文件用于指定访问puppet的名称空间.namespaceauth.conf文件并不是puppet配置中必要的文件，只有当/etc/puppet.conf文件中listen=true时才会配置此文件，否则会报will not start without authorization file namespaceauth.conf 这样的错误,文件配置参考如下:

大概就下面这几项，但是不会全用到，/etc/puppet.conf文件不设置listen=true,这个文件根本不需要，设置了listen=true下面常用puppetrunner这项.

[fileserver]
allow *.example.com
[puppetmaster]
allow *.example.com
[puppetrunner]
allow *
[puppetbucket]
allow *.example.com
[puppetreports]
allow *
[resource]
allow server.examplc.om

9、autosign.conf文件参数：

/etc/puppet/aotusign.conf配置文件主要用于自动签名证书功能，默认没有需要手动创建添加.通常Agent访问Master需要手动授权认证，通过在master上增加autosign.conf文件，实现对某一来源或所有来源的Agent做自动授权证书签名.

大概有两种方式的授权:

第一种:

cat /etc/puppet/autosign.conf    
        *
 
  
第二种:
 
  
        cat /etc/puppet/autosign.conf
        *.example.com

10、fileserver.conf文件参数:

/etc/puppet/fileserver.conf文件master目录的挂载配置文件，它包含了Master的挂载目录位置和挂载目录授权信息等.fileserver.conf并非puppet必要文件，默认安装完puppet软件包含此文件，只有agent从master获取一个文件或文件列表时才会用到它 .

fileserver.conf文件里面注释写的很详细，怎么使用挂载也有官网默认的例子：

如果你需要服务器文件来自一个目录而不是从模块中获取，你必须为这个文件创建一个挂载点.

# If you need to serve files from a directory that is NOT in a module,
# you must create a static mount point in this file:
#
# [extra_files]
#   path /etc/puppet/files
#   allow *

# In the example above, anything in /etc/puppet/files/<file name> would be
# available to authenticated nodes at puppet:///extra_files/<file name>.

在上面例子中，任何在/etc/puppet/files/<file name> 都可以有效的被认证的节点puppet:///extra_files/<file name>.引用.

下面是说结合挂载点auth.conf文件怎么写.

# Every static mount point should have an `allow *` line; setting more
# granular permissions in this file is deprecated. Instead, you can
# control file access in auth.conf by controlling the
# /file_metadata/<mount point> and /file_content/<mount point> paths:
#
# path ~ ^/file_(metadata|content)/extra_files/
# auth yes
# allow /^(.+)\.example\.com$/
# allow_ip 192.168.100.0/24

举例实例参考:(fileserver.conf结合auth.conf文件)
cat fileserver.conf
[bin]     #挂载点叫bin
path /opt/puppetfiles    #挂载根路径为系统上/opt/puppetfiles
allow *#允许所有主机访问

结合auth.conf文件做ACL权限认证，

cat auth.conf
path ~ ^/file_(metadata|content)/bin/
auth yes
allow_ip 192.168.30.0/24

随便一个modules模块引用:

file { "/usr/local/${folder_name}/${bin_name}":
          owner  => "root",
          group  => "root",
          mode   => "755",
          ensure => "file",
    }

    服务器上的路径如下:

注意:目前同步文件puppet只支持puppet文件服务协议，并不支持rsync和http等专业的文件同步工具，如果server上的文件过大，多个agent一起同步，肯定会超时,同步失败.

忽略:puppet master端还有一个邮件功能配置功能，用的不多，文件名为tagmail.conf文件，不做介绍了.

做完上面的配置，reload下puppetmaster服务:

[root@puppet puppet]# /etc/init.d/puppetmaster reload
Stopping puppetmaster:                                     [  OK  ]
Starting puppetmaster:                                     [  OK  ]

11、Agent端的配置

配置另外2台puppet agent配置，指明puppet server可以在全局配置中指定，也可以在agent中指定：

参考如下(配置二选一配置):

[main]#可以在全局配置中指定
server = puppet
[agent]#也可以在agent配置中指定
server = puppet

举例:

192.168.30.131 sh-web1这台puppet agent配置:(server在agent段指定)

[root@sh-web1 puppet]# cat puppet.conf  | grep -v '^[[:space:]]\+#'
[main]
    logdir = /var/log/puppet
    rundir = /var/run/puppet
    ssldir = $vardir/ssl
[agent]
    classfile = $vardir/classes.txt
    localconfig = $vardir/localconfig
    server = puppet

如图:

192.168.30.132 sh-proxy2这台puppet agent配置:(server在main段指定)

# cat puppet.conf  | grep -v '^[[:space:]]\+#'
[main]
    logdir = /var/log/puppet
    rundir = /var/run/puppet
    ssldir = $vardir/ssl
    server = puppet
[agent]
    classfile = $vardir/classes.txt
    localconfig = $vardir/localconfig

agent 端/etc/puppet.conf文件配置完，分别启动服务：

[root@sh-proxy2 puppet]# /etc/init.d/puppet start
Starting puppet agent:                                     [  OK  ]

12、添加/etc/hosts中添加三台机器的解析(三台机器都需要相互解析，都加上)，为了简单快捷就不做dns了.

192.168.30.134puppet
192.168.30.131sh-web1
192.168.30.132sh-proxy2

扩展：目前比较火的ip-域名映射关系的dns服务器除了bind外，还有dnsmasq，之前文章写过了，也支持dhcp和dns功能，软件极小，配置起来非常方便，dnsmasq的诞生本来时为了解决嵌入式系统问题的(我大学专业就是嵌入式的),所以可以想象到它小的程度.

做完上面的，puppet master上立即就签署了agent证书，自动完成立即生效，不需要人工干预.

#puppet cert list --all

13、报警告(不是报错)：

[root@puppet puppet]# puppet cert list --all
Warning: Setting masterlog is deprecated. 
   (at /usr/lib/ruby/site_ruby/1.8/puppet/settings.rb:1139:in `issue_deprecation_warning')
Warning: Setting manifestdir is deprecated. See http://links.puppetlabs.com/env-settings-deprecations
   (at /usr/lib/ruby/site_ruby/1.8/puppet/settings.rb:1139:in `issue_deprecation_warning')
Warning: Setting modulepath is deprecated in puppet.conf. See http://links.puppetlabs.com/env-settings-deprecations
   (at /usr/lib/ruby/site_ruby/1.8/puppet/settings.rb:1141:in `issue_deprecation_warning')
Warning: Setting manifest is deprecated in puppet.conf. See http://links.puppetlabs.com/env-settings-deprecations
   (at /usr/lib/ruby/site_ruby/1.8/puppet/settings.rb:1141:in `issue_deprecation_warning')
Warning: Setting templatedir is deprecated. See http://links.puppetlabs.com/env-settings-deprecations
   (at /usr/lib/ruby/site_ruby/1.8/puppet/settings.rb:1139:in `issue_deprecation_warning')
+ "puppet"                (SHA256) FF:75:FE:B7:8E:E5:46:4A:4A:AB:2F:8D:C4:B0:C6:43:95:47:74:0C:3E:3F:38:1E:1B:88:4C:45:66:23:78:3E (alt names: "DNS:puppet", "DNS:puppet.localdomain")
+ "puppet.localdomain"    (SHA256) BA:F6:11:67:10:1D:93:1D:43:8C:1D:42:C8:EB:8F:6A:F1:25:FE:38:35:CB:17:7A:6D:59:99:34:05:CF:E1:FC (alt names: "DNS:puppet", "DNS:puppet.localdomain")
+ "sh-proxy2.localdomain" (SHA256) 75:85:8E:AB:74:8A:D6:8E:0B:3A:87:33:2B:BA:60:D2:81:0A:23:5F:73:A4:90:AC:8B:34:DC:A4:F3:00:41:39
+ "sh-web1.localdomain"   (SHA256) B9:31:9C:62:94:70:4A:DD:E3:35:0F:3F:14:BB:7A:C7:AE:BE:F9:24:BC:C9:92:ED:DB:1F:8C:95:65:09:97:5B

处理办法，注释掉这些:

[root@puppet puppet]# cat /etc/puppet/puppet.conf | grep "#"
    #masterlog = /var/log/puppet/puppetmaster.log
    #manifestdir = /etc/puppet/manifests
    #modulepath = /etc/puppet/modules:/usr/share/puppet/modules
    #manifest = /etc/puppet/manifests/site.pp
    #templatedir = /var/lib/puppet/templates

再次查看证书:

[root@puppet puppet]# puppet cert list --all
+ "puppet"                (SHA256) FF:75:FE:B7:8E:E5:46:4A:4A:AB:2F:8D:C4:B0:C6:43:95:47:74:0C:3E:3F:38:1E:1B:88:4C:45:66:23:78:3E (alt names: "DNS:puppet", "DNS:puppet.localdomain")
+ "puppet.localdomain"    (SHA256) BA:F6:11:67:10:1D:93:1D:43:8C:1D:42:C8:EB:8F:6A:F1:25:FE:38:35:CB:17:7A:6D:59:99:34:05:CF:E1:FC (alt names: "DNS:puppet", "DNS:puppet.localdomain")
+ "sh-proxy2.localdomain" (SHA256) 75:85:8E:AB:74:8A:D6:8E:0B:3A:87:33:2B:BA:60:D2:81:0A:23:5F:73:A4:90:AC:8B:34:DC:A4:F3:00:41:39
+ "sh-web1.localdomain"   (SHA256) B9:31:9C:62:94:70:4A:DD:E3:35:0F:3F:14:BB:7A:C7:AE:BE:F9:24:BC:C9:92:ED:DB:1F:8C:95:65:09:97:5B

结果如图:

14、总结:

到此puppet c/s 配置完成，修改的内容不多，主要在svn客户端操作:

1）、新增namespaceauth.conf配置文件:

 2）、新增autosign.conf文件:

 3）、修改puppet master端puppet.conf文件.

4）、Agent 端puppet.conf文件配置上面已经有就不截图了.

转载于:https://blog.51cto.com/215687833/1962872