match 查询知道分词器的存在,会对field进行分词操作,然后再查询。而term不会分词,会把field当成一个整体查询。
1、数据准备
PUT /lib
{
"settings":{
"number_of_shards":3,
"number_of_replicas":0
},
"mappings":{
"user":{
"properties":{
"name":{"type":"text"},
"address":{"type":"text"},
"age":{"type":"integer"},
"interests":{"type":"text"},
"birthday":{"type":"date"}
}
}
}
}
put /lib/user/1
{
"name":"zhaoliu",
"address":"hei long jiang sheng tie ling shi",
"age":50,
"birthday":"1970-12-12",
"interests":"xi huang hejiu,duanlian,lvyou"
}
put /lib/user/2
{
"name":"zhaoming",
"address":"bei jing hai dian qu qing he zhen",
"age":20,
"birthday":"1998-10-12",
"interests":"xi huan hejiu,duanlian,changge"
}
put /lib/user/3
{
"name":"lisi",
"address":"bei jing hai dian qu qing he zhen",
"age":23,
"birthday":"1998-10-12",
"interests":"xi huan hejiu,duanlian,changge"
}
put /lib/user/4
{
"name":"wangwu",
"address":"bei jing hai dian qu qing he zhen",
"age":26,
"birthday":"1998-10-12",
"interests":"xi huan biancheng,tingyinyue,lvyou"
}
put /lib/user/5
{
"name":"zhangsan",
"address":"bei jing chao yang qu",
"age":29,
"birthday":"1988-10-12",
"interests":"xi huan tingyinyue,changge,tiaowu"
}
2、match基本操作
1)、用match查询name是zhaoliu或者zhaoming的,能查出两条记录,而用term查询不出来,因为倒排索引列表中没有 "zhaoliu zhaoming"。如下:
GET /lib/user/_search
{
"query":{
"match":{
"name":"zhaoliu zhaoming"
}
}
}
结果如下:
{
"took": 2,
"timed_out": false,
"_shards": {
"total": 3,
"successful": 3,
"skipped": 0,
"failed": 0
},
"hits": {
"total": 2,
"max_score": 0.9808292,
"hits": [
{
"_index": "lib",
"_type": "user",
"_id": "2",
"_score": 0.9808292,
"_source": {
"name": "zhaoming",
"address": "bei jing hai dian qu qing he zhen",
"age": 20,
"birthday": "1998-10-12",
"interests": "xi huan hejiu,duanlian,changge"
}
},
{
"_index": "lib",
"_type": "user",
"_id": "1",
"_score": 0.6931472,
"_source": {
"name": "zhaoliu",
"address": "hei long jiang sheng tie ling shi",
"age": 50,
"birthday": "1970-12-12",
"interests": "xi huang hejiu,duanlian,lvyou"
}
}
]
}
}
换成term
GET /lib/user/_search
{
"query":{
"term":{
"name":"zhaoliu zhaoming"
}
}
}
结果如下:
{
"took": 2,
"timed_out": false,
"_shards": {
"total": 3,
"successful": 3,
"skipped": 0,
"failed": 0
},
"hits": {
"total": 0,
"max_score": null,
"hits": []
}
}
2)、查询年龄是20的
GET /lib/user/_search
{
"query":{
"match":{"age":20
}
}
}
3、查询所有的match_all
GET /lib/user/_search
{
"query":{
"match_all":{}
}
}
4、可以指定多个字段multi_match
如下:interests或者name中含有lvyou的都会搜索出来。
GET /lib/user/_search
{
"query":{
"multi_match":{
"query":"lvyou","fields":["interests","name"]
}
}
}
5、短语匹配 match_phrase
ElasticSearch引擎首先分析(analyze)查询字符串,从分析后的文本中构建短语查询,这意味着必须匹配短语中的所有分词,并且保证各个分词的相对位置不变。(理解为完全匹配)。如下第一个不能查询到文档,第二个可以查询到文档。
GET /lib/user/_search
{
"query":{
"match_phrase":{
"interests":"duanlian,shuoxiangsheng"
}
}
}
GET /lib/user/_search
{
"query":{
"match_phrase":{
"interests":"duanlian,changge"
}
}
}
6、指明需要哪些字段_source
1)查询 interests 是 changge,结果中只显示 address、name字段:
GET /lib/user/_search
{
"_source":["address","name"],
"query":{
"match":{
"interests":"changge"
}
}
}
2)查询所有的,结果只显示name,address字段
GET /lib/user/_search
{
"query":{
"match_all":{}
},
"_source":{
"includes":["name","address"]
}
}
3)查询所有的,结果不包含age、birthday字段
GET /lib/user/_search
{
"query":{
"match_all":{}
},
"_source":{
"excludes":["age","birthday"]
}
}
4)通配符。查询所有的,字段名以addr开头,不包括name,不包括以bir开头的字段
GET /lib3/user/_search
{
"_source":{
"includes":"addr*",
"excludes":["name","bir*"]
},
"query":{
"match_all":{}
}
}
7、排序使用sort实现排序:desc降序,asc升序
GET /lib/user/_search
{
"query":{
"match_all":{}
},
"sort":{
"age":{"order":"desc"}
}
}
8、前缀匹配查询match_phrase_prefix
查询出name以zhao开头的文档
GET /lib/user/_search
{
"query":{
"match_phrase_prefix":{
"name":{
"query":"zhao"
}
}
}
}
9、范围查询range
参数:from,to,include_lower,include_upper,boost。
include_lower:是否包含范围的左边界,默认是true,
include_upper:是否包含范围的右边界,默认是true
GET /lib/user/_search
{
"query":{
"range":{
"birthday":{
"from":"1990-10-10",
"to":"2018-05-01"
}
}
}
}
GET /lib/user/_search
{
"query":{
"range":{
"age":{
"from":20,
"to":25,
"include_lower":true,
"include_upper":false
}
}
}
}
9、wildcard查询
允许使用通配符*和?来进行查询
*代表0个或者多个字符
?代表任意一个字符
GET /lib/user/_search
{
"query":{
"wildcard":{
"name":"li?i"
}
}
}
10、fuzzy 实现模糊查询
value:查询的关键字
boost:查询的权值,默认值是1.0
min_similarity:设置匹配的最小相似度,默认值为 0.5,对于字符串,取值
为0-1(包括0和1);对于数值 ,取值可能大于1;对于日期型取值为1d,1m等 ,1d就代表1天
prefix_length:指明区分词项的共同前缀长度,默认是0
max_expansions:查询中的词项可以扩展的数目,默认可以无限大
如下,name的值是zholiu可以查询出name是zhaoliu的文档,interests的值是chagge可以查询出interests的值是chagge的文档
GET /lib/user/_search
{
"query":{
"fuzzy":{
"name":"zholiu"
}
}
}
GET /lib/user/_search
{
"query":{
"fuzzy":{
"interests":{
"value":"chagge"
}
}
}
}
11、高亮查询highlight
搜索出来的文档,在搜索关键字的地方加了标签,如<em>changge</em>,下面是个示例。
GET /lib/user/_search
{
"query":{
"match":{
"interests":"changge"
}
},
"highlight":{
"fields":{
"interests":{}
}
}
}
结果如下:
{
"took": 83,
"timed_out": false,
"_shards": {
"total": 3,
"successful": 3,
"skipped": 0,
"failed": 0
},
"hits": {
"total": 3,
"max_score": 0.6931472,
"hits": [
{
"_index": "lib",
"_type": "user",
"_id": "3",
"_score": 0.6931472,
"_source": {
"name": "lisi",
"address": "bei jing hai dian qu qing he zhen",
"age": 23,
"birthday": "1998-10-12",
"interests": "xi huan hejiu,duanlian,changge"
},
"highlight": {
"interests": [
"xi huan hejiu,duanlian,<em>changge</em>"
]
}
},
{
"_index": "lib",
"_type": "user",
"_id": "2",
"_score": 0.47000363,
"_source": {
"name": "zhaoming",
"address": "bei jing hai dian qu qing he zhen",
"age": 20,
"birthday": "1998-10-12",
"interests": "xi huan hejiu,duanlian,changge"
},
"highlight": {
"interests": [
"xi huan hejiu,duanlian,<em>changge</em>"
]
}
},
{
"_index": "lib",
"_type": "user",
"_id": "5",
"_score": 0.47000363,
"_source": {
"name": "zhangsan",
"address": "bei jing chao yang qu",
"age": 29,
"birthday": "1988-10-12",
"interests": "xi huan tingyinyue,changge,tiaowu"
},
"highlight": {
"interests": [
"xi huan tingyinyue,<em>changge</em>,tiaowu"
]
}
}
]
}
}