1. 对齐与填充
# 第一种
s = "zhangsan"
# S.ljust(width[, fillchar]) -> str,第二个参数填充的单字符,默认是空字符
s.ljust(20)  # 左对齐  'zhangsan            '    
s.center(20) # 居中对齐  '      zhangsan      '   
s.rjust(20,'-') # 右对齐'-'填充  '------------zhangsan' 

# 第二种format
format(s,'-<20') # 左对齐,'-'填充  'zhangsan------------'
format(s,"^20") #  居中对齐  '      zhangsan      '
format(2,'=>20') # 右对齐,'='填充  '===================2'
  1. 例子:按字典键值最大的长度,格式化键左对齐
d = {"zhangsan":18,"lisi":20,"zhaoliu":19,"www":21,"songjiang":33}

maxLength = max(map(len,d.keys())) # 得到键最大长度

d = {k.ljust(maxLength):v for k,v in d.items()}
print(d) # {'zhangsan ': 18, 'lisi     ': 20, 'zhaoliu  ': 19, 'www      ': 21, 'songjiang': 33}