mysql 插入中文数据乱码解决方案
MySQL 4.1的字符集支持(Character Set Support)有两个方面：字符集(Character set)和排序方式(Collation)。对于字符集的支持细化到四个层次: 服务器(server)，数据库(database)，数据表(table)和连接(connection)。下面将分两部分，分别设置服务器编码和数据库、数据表与连接部分的编码，从而杜绝中文乱码的出现。
一、服务器编码设置
服务器编码设置方法有二：
mysql时，其中会有一个步骤选择编码方式，此时选择utf8即可。如果不选择，默认的编码是latin1；
mysql之后，手动修改其配置文件，如下：
(1)修改 MySql安装目录下面的my.ini(MySQL Server Instance Configuration 文件)， (需要关闭mysql服务)，(如果本身没有该文件，自己添加一个亦可)my.ini文件进行如下修改：
=================================================================================
修改my.ini前显示结果
===================================================================================
mysql> show variables like 'character%';
+----------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+----------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------+
| character_set_client | gbk |
| character_set_connection | gbk |
| character_set_database | latin1 |
| character_set_filesystem | binary |
| character_set_results | gbk |
| character_set_server | latin1 |
| character_set_system | utf8 |
| character_sets_dir | D:\mysql-5.5.10\share\charsets\ |
+----------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------+
8 rows in set (0.02 sec)mysql> show variables like 'collation%';
+-------------------------------+--------------------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+-------------------------------+--------------------------------+
| collation_connection | gbk_chinese_ci |
| collation_database | latin1_swedish_ci |
| collation_server | latin1_swedish_ci |
+-------------------------------+--------------------------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
==============================================================================
关闭mysql服务，在mysql安装目录下，my.ini文件进行如下修改，没有则直接进行添加
==============================================================================
[mysqld]
#修改服务器端默认字符编码格式为utf8
character-set-server=utf8
[client]
#修改客户端默认字符编码格式为utf8
default-character-set=utf8==============================================================================
修改后，再次输入命令查看，显示结果如下
==============================================================================
mysql> show variables like 'character%';
+----------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+----------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------+
| character_set_client | utf8 |
| character_set_connection | utf8 |
| character_set_database | utf8 |
| character_set_filesystem | binary |
| character_set_results | utf8 |
| character_set_server | utf8 |
| character_set_system | utf8 |
| character_sets_dir | D:\mysql-5.5.10\share\charsets\ |
+----------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------+
8 rows in set (0.02 sec)mysql> show variables like 'collation%';
+-------------------------------+--------------------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+-------------------------------+--------------------------------+
| collation_connection | utf8_general_ci |
| collation_database | utf8_general_ci |
| collation_server | utf8_general_ci |
+-------------------------------+--------------------------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
================================================================================
(2) （对于已经创建了的数据库）修改data目录中相应数据库目录下的db.opt配置文件
default-character-set=utf8
default-collation=utf8_general_ci重启数据库，关闭控制台窗口重新登录数据库即可。
通过MySQL命令行修改:
set character_set_client=utf8;
set character_set_connection=utf8;
set character_set_database=utf8;
set character_set_results=utf8;
set character_set_server=utf8;
set character_set_system=utf8;
set collation_connection=utf8_general_ci;
set collation_database=utf8_general_ci;
set collation_server=utf8_general_ci;
二、数据库、数据表和连接部分的编码设置
2.1 设置数据库和数据表编码（默认的latin1）
修改用户密码
D:\mysql-advanced-5.6.11-win32\bin>mysqladmin -u root -p password（回车）
Enter password:（回车，用户root的默认密码为空）
New password: ******（回车，新密码111111）
Confirm new password: ******（回车）
连接与断开服务器
D:\mysql-advanced-5.6.11-win32\bin>mysqld（启动mysql服务程序,用来执行客户程序提交的任务）
D:\mysql-advanced-5.6.11-win32\bin>mysql -uroot -p（回车）
Enter password:（输入密码，用户root的默认密码为空）
……
mysql> quit;（回车）
Bye
创建数据库
mysql> create database mydatabase CHARACTER SET 'utf8' COLLATE 'utf8_general_ci';
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)(注：后面一段是显式的设置数据库的字符集，如果已经设置了全局的字符集，则可以省略)
显示数据库列表
mysql> show databases;
+-------------------------+
| Database |
+-------------------------+
| information_schema |
| mydatabase |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| test |
+-------------------------+
5 rows in set (0.05 sec)
修改数据库字符集：
mysql> show create database test;
+-----------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Database | Create Database |
+-----------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| test | CREATE DATABASE `test` /*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET latin1 */ |
+-----------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> alter database test default character set utf8 collate utf8_general_ci;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.04 sec)
mysql> show create database test;
+-----------+----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Database | Create Database |
+-----------+----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| test | CREATE DATABASE `test` /*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8 */ |
+-----------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)使用某个数据库
mysql> use eosdb;
Database changed
显示数据表列表
mysql> show tables;
Empty set (0.00 sec)
创建数据表
mysql> CREATE TABLE `mysqlcode` (
-> `id` TINYINT( 255 ) UNSIGNED NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY ,
-> `content` VARCHAR( 255 ) NOT NULL
-> ) TYPE = MYISAM CHARACTER SET gbk COLLATE gbk_chinese_ci;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.03 sec)
插入数据
mysql> insert into爱好者');
按回车，结果如下：
ERROR 1406 (22001): Data too long for column 'content' at row 1解决方案：设置连接编码，设置如下：
mysql> SET character_set_client='gbk';
mysql> SET character_set_connection='gbk'
mysql> SET character_set_results='gbk'设置好连接编码，下面便可以成功插入中文了：
mysql> insert into mysqlcode values(null,'java爱好者');
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)其实，上面设置连接编码的三条命令可以简化为一条：
mysql> set names 'gbk';
查询数据表
mysql> select * from mysqlcode;
+------+-------------+
| id | content |
+------+-------------+
| 1 | java爱好着 |
+------+-------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)insert或update或select连接操作时，前面加上：set names 'gbk'; 解决的中文问题。
