文章目录
- 一. lamp简介
- 1、cgi与fastcgi
- 2、httpd与php结合的方式
- 3、 web工作流程
- 二. lamp平台构建
- 1、安装apache
- 2、MySQL安装
- 3、 安装php
- 4、 配置apache代理模块
- 5、 验证
一. lamp简介
有了前面学习的知识的铺垫，今天可以来学习下第一个常用的web架构了。
所谓lamp，其实就是由Linux+Apache+Mysql/MariaDB+Php/Perl/Python的一组动态网站或者服务器的开源软件，除Linux外其它各部件本身都是各自独立的程序，但是因为经常被放在一起使用，拥有了越来越高的兼容度，共同组成了一个强大的Web应用程序平台。
LAMP指的是Linux（操作系统）、Apache（HTTP服务器）、MySQL（也指MariaDB，数据库软件）和PHP（有时也是指Perl或Python）的第一个字母，一般用来建立web应用平台。
- web服务器工作流程
在说lamp架构平台的搭建前，我们先来了解下什么是CGI，什么是FastCGI，什么是…
web服务器的资源分为两种，静态资源和动态资源
静态资源就是指静态内容，客户端从服务器获得的资源的表现形式与原文件相同。可以简单的理解为就是直接存储于文件系统中的资源
动态资源则通常是程序文件，需要在服务器执行之后，将执行的结果返回给客户端
那么web服务器如何执行程序并将结果返回给客户端呢？下面通过一张图来说明一下web服务器如何处理客户端的请求
如上图所示
阶段①显示的是httpd服务器（即apache）和php服务器通过FastCGI协议进行通信，且php作为独立的服务进程运行
阶段②显示的是php程序和mysql数据库间通过mysql协议进行通信。php与mysql本没有什么联系，但是由Php语言写成的程序可以与mysql进行数据交互。同理perl和python写的程序也可以与mysql数据库进行交互
1、cgi与fastcgi
上图阶段①中提到了FastCGI，下面我们来了解下CGI与FastCGI。
CGI（Common Gateway Interface，通用网关接口），CGI是外部应用程序（CGI程序）与WEB服务器之间的接口标准，是在CGI程序和Web服务器之间传递信息的过程。CGI规范允许Web服务器执行外部程序，并将它们的输出发送给Web浏览器，CGI将web的一组简单的静态超媒体文档变成一个完整的新的交互式媒体。
FastCGI（Fast Common Gateway Interface）是CGI的改良版，CGI是通过启用一个解释器进程来处理每个请求，耗时且耗资源，而FastCGI则是通过master-worker形式来处理每个请求，即启动一个master主进程，然后根据配置启动几个worker进程，当请求进来时，master会从worker进程中选择一个去处理请求，这样就避免了重复的生成和杀死进程带来的频繁cpu上下文切换而导致耗时
2、httpd与php结合的方式
httpd与php结合的方式有以下三种：
modules：php将以httpd的扩展模块形式存在，需要加载动态资源时，httpd可以直接通过php模块来加工资源并返回给客户端
httpd prefork：libphp5.so（多进程模型的php）
httpd event or worker：libphp5-zts.so（线程模型的php）**CGI：**httpd需要加载动态资源时所需的协议，通过CGI与php解释器联系，获得php执行的结果，此时httpd负责与php连接的建立和断开等
**FastCGI：**利用php-fpm机制，启动为服务进程，php自行运行为一个服务，https通过socket（ip加端口）快速查找与php通信
较于CGI方式，FastCGI更为常用，很少有人使用CGI方式来加载动态资源
3、 web工作流程
通过上面的图说明一下web的工作流程：
客户端通过http协议请求web服务器资源
web服务器收到请求后判断客户端请求的资源是静态资源或是动态资源
若是静态资源则直接从本地文件系统取之返回给客户端。
否则若为动态资源则通过FastCGI协议与php服务器联系，通过CGI程序的master进程调度worker进程来执行程序以获得客户端请求的动态资源，并将执行的结果通过FastCGI协议返回给httpd服务器，httpd服务器收到php的执行结果后将其封装为http响应报文响应给客户端。在执行程序获取动态资源时若需要获得数据库中的资源时，由Php服务器通过mysql协议与MySQL/MariaDB服务器交互，取之而后返回给httpd，httpd将从php服务器收到的执行结果封装成http响应报文响应给客户端。二. lamp平台构建
环境说明：
系统平台 IP 需要安装的服务
centos7
redhat7 172.16.12.128 httpd-2.4
mysql-5.7
php
php-mysql
lamp平台软件安装次序：
httpd --> mysql --> php
注意：php要求httpd使用prefork MPM
首先到阿里云官网安装两大镜像源
//下载镜像
[root@http yum.repos.d]# wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-vault-8.5.2111.repo
--2022-08-02 09:15:13-- https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-vault-8.5.2111.repo
Resolving mirrors.aliyun.com (mirrors.aliyun.com)... 119.96.138.214, 27.22.58.242, 27.22.58.241, ...
Connecting to mirrors.aliyun.com (mirrors.aliyun.com)|119.96.138.214|:443... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 2495 (2.4K) [application/octet-stream]
Saving to: ‘/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo’
/etc/yum.repos.d 100%[=======>] 2.44K --.-KB/s in 0.005s
2022-08-02 09:15:13 (468 KB/s) - ‘/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo’ saved [2495/2495]
[root@http yum.repos.d]# ls
CentOS-Base.repo
[root@http yum.repos.d]# yum install -y https://mirrors.aliyun.com/epel/epel-release-latest-8.noarch.rpm //配置PHP环境
CentOS-8.5.2111 - Base - mirrors 491 kB/s | 4.6 MB 00:09
CentOS-8.5.2111 - Extras - mirro 30 kB/s | 10 kB 00:00
CentOS-8.5.2111 - AppStream - mi 324 kB/s | 8.4 MB 00:26
epel-release-latest-8.noarch.rpm 49 kB/s | 24 kB 00:00
....略
Installed:
epel-release-8-16.el8.noarch
Complete!
[root@http yum.repos.d]# ls //仓库搭建完成
CentOS-Base.repo epel.repo epel-testing.repo
epel-modular.repo epel-testing-modular.repo1、安装apache
下载工具包
[root@http ~]# yum groups mark install 'Development Tools'
创建apache用户组
[root@localhost ~]# useradd -r -M -s /sbin/nologin apache
[root@localhost ~]# id apache
uid=994(apache) gid=991(apache) groups=991(apache)
安装依赖包
yum -y install make openssl-devel pcre-devel expat-devel libtool gcc gcc-c++下载httpd三个软件包
[root@http ~]# wget https://downloads.apache.org/httpd/httpd-2.4.54.tar.bz2
https://downloads.apache.org/apr/apr-1.6.5.tar.bz2
https://downloads.apache.org/apr/apr-util-1.6.1.tar.bz2
[root@http ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg apr-util-1.6.1.tar.bz2
apr-1.6.5.tar.bz2 httpd-2.4.54.tar.bz2安装步骤需一步步来
解压apr 和apr-util
[root@localhost src]# tar xf apr-1.6.5.tar.bz2
[root@localhost src]# cd apr-1.6.5
[root@localhost apr-1.6.5]# vim configure
......
# $RM "$cfgfile" //将此行加上注释，或者删除此行
......
[root@localhost apr-1.6.5]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr
[root@localhost apr-1.6.5]# make && make install
[root@localhost apr-1.6.5]# cd ..
[root@localhost src]# tar xf apr-util-1.6.1.tar.bz2
[root@localhost src]# cd apr-util-1.6.1
[root@localhost apr-util-1.6.1]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr-util --with-apr=/usr/local/apr
[root@localhost apr-util-1.6.1]# make && make install
预编译httpd
[root@localhost apr-util-1.6.1]# cd ..
[root@localhost src]# tar xf httpd-2.4.54.tar.bz2
[root@localhost src]# cd httpd-2.4.54
[root@localhost httpd-2.4.54]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache \
--sysconfdir=/etc/httpd24 \
--enable-so \
--enable-ssl \
--enable-cgi \
--enable-rewrite \
--with-zlib \
--with-pcre \
--with-apr=/usr/local/apr \
--with-apr-util=/usr/local/apr-util/ \
--enable-modules=most \
--enable-mpms-shared=all \
--with-mpm=prefork
[root@localhost httpd-2.4.54]# make && make install安装环境变量
[root@localhost httpd-2.4.54]# cd /usr/local/apache/
[root@localhost apache]# ls
bin build cgi-bin error htdocs icons include logs man manual modules
[root@localhost apache]# echo 'export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/apache/bin' > /etc/profile.d/httpd.sh
[root@localhost apache]# source /etc/profile.d/httpd.sh
[root@localhost apache]# ln -s /usr/local/apache/include/ /usr/include/httpd
[root@localhost apache]# vim /etc/man_db.conf
......
MANDATORY_MANPATH /usr/local/apache/man // 添加此行[root@localhost apache]# vim /etc/httpd24/httpd.conf
......
ServerName www.example.com:80启动apache
[root@localhost apache]# which apachectl
/usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl
[root@localhost apache]# cd /usr/lib/systemd/system
[root@localhost system]# cp sshd.service httpd.service
[root@localhost system]# vim httpd.service
[Unit]
Description=httpd server daemon
After=network.target sshd-keygen.target
[Service]
Type=forking
ExecStart=/usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl start
ExecStop=/usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl stop
ExecReload=/bin/kill -HUP $MAINPID
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
[root@localhost system]# systemctl daemon-reload
[root@localhost system]# cd
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl status httpd
● httpd.service - httpd server daemon
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service; disabled; vendor preset:>
Active: inactive (dead)
Aug 02 16:51:46 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: httpd.service: Service has more >
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start httpd
[root@localhost ~]# ss -antl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port Process
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:80 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:*
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable httpd
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/httpd.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service.关闭防火墙
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl stop firewalld
[root@localhost system]# systemctl disable firewalld
Removed /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/firewalld.service.
Removed /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service.
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/selinux/config
......
SELINUX=disabled //将enforcing模式换成disabled
......
[root@localhost ~]# setenforce 0[外链图片转存失败,源站可能有防盗链机制,建议将图片保存下来直接上传(img-o0Q7NzyP-1659622287086)(./1659512006940.png)]
2、MySQL安装
[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/src/
[root@localhost src]# wget https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/get/file/mysql-5.7.37-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
--2018-08-13 23:56:27-- https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/get/file/mysql-5.7.37-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
Resolving downloads.mysql.com (downloads.mysql.com)... 137.254.60.14
Connecting to downloads.mysql.com (downloads.mysql.com)|137.254.60.14|:443... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 302 Found
Location: https://cdn.mysql.com/archives/mysql-5.7/mysql-5.7.37-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz [following]
......
Saving to: ‘mysql-5.7.37-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz’
100%[=====================================>] 643,790,848 2.46MB/s in 4m 20s
2018-08-14 00:00:50 (2.36 MB/s) - ‘mysql-5.7.37-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz’saved [643790848/643790848]//创建用户和组
[root@localhost src]# groupadd -r mysql
[root@localhost src]# useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin -g mysql mysql
//解压软件至/usr/local/
[root@http src]# tar xf mysql-5.7.37-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local
[root@http src]# ls
debug kernels mysql-5.7.37-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
[root@localhost ~]# ls /usr/local/
bin games lib libexec sbin src
etc include lib64 mysql-5.7.37-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 share
[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/local/
[root@http local]# ln -sv mysql-5.7.37-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/ mysql
'mysql' -> 'mysql-5.7.37-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/'
[root@http local]# ll
total 0
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Jun 22 2021 bin
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Jun 22 2021 etc
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Jun 22 2021 games
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Jun 22 2021 include
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Jun 22 2021 lib
drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 17 Jun 27 22:30 lib64
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Jun 22 2021 libexec
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 36 Jul 26 19:04 mysql -> mysql-5.7.37-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/
drwxr-xr-x. 9 root root 129 Jul 26 18:56 mysql-5.7.37-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64
drwxr-xr-x. 11 root root 151 Jul 14 14:51 nginx
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Jun 22 2021 sbin
drwxr-xr-x. 5 root root 49 Jun 27 22:30 share
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Jun 22 2021 src//修改目录/usr/local/mysql的属主属组
方便日后进行配置时更好的调用
[root@http local]# chown -R mysql.mysql mysql
[root@http local]# ll mysql -d
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 mysql mysql 36 Jul 26 19:04 mysql -> mysql-5.7.37-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/
[root@http local]# chown -R mysql.mysql mysql-5.7.37-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/
drwxr-xr-x. 9 mysql mysql 129 Jul 26 18:56 mysql-5.7.37-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64//添加环境变量*bin
[root@localhost ~]# ls /usr/local/mysql
bin COPYING docs include lib man README share support-files
[root@localhost ~]# echo 'export PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH' > /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
[root@localhost ~]# . /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
[root@localhost ~]# echo $PATH
/usr/local/mysql/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin添加 includ 头文件环境 //方便系统日后查询调用
[root@http include]# ln -s /usr/local/mysql/include/ /usr/include/mysql
[root@http include]# ls
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 25 Jul 26 21:37 mysql -> /usr/local/mysql/include/
添加lib环境
[root@http mysql]# vi /etc/ld.so.conf.d/mysql.conf
[root@http mysql]# cat /etc/ld.so.conf.d/mysql.conf
/usr/local/mysql/lib
[root@http mysql]# ldconfig
[root@http mysql]# pwd
/usr/local/mysql添加man环境
[root@http mysql]# vi /etc/man_db.conf
MANDATORY_MANPATH /usr/local/mysql/man//建立数据存放目录
[root@http mysql]# mkdir /opt/data
[root@http mysql]# chown -R mysql.mysql /opt/data/
[root@http mysql]# ll /opt/
total 0
drwxr-xr-x. 2 mysql mysql 6 Jul 26 19:40 data//初始化数据库
[root@http mysql]# mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --datadir=/opt/data
2022-07-26T13:41:39.477991Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
2022-07-26T13:41:39.798156Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790
2022-07-26T13:41:39.865434Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.
2022-07-26T13:41:39.955341Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: ad67b06c-0ce8-11ed-96bd-000c29686282.
2022-07-26T13:41:39.963510Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened.
2022-07-26T13:41:41.446521Z 0 [Warning] A deprecated TLS version TLSv1 is enabled. Please use TLSv1.2 or higher.
2022-07-26T13:41:41.446560Z 0 [Warning] A deprecated TLS version TLSv1.1 is enabled. Please use TLSv1.2 or higher.
2022-07-26T13:41:41.447835Z 0 [Warning] CA certificate ca.pem is self signed.
2022-07-26T13:41:41.637838Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: 8)=twcKT1jw!//请注意，这个命令的最后会生成一个临时密码，此处密码是8)=twcKT1jw!
//再次注意，这个密码是随机的，你的不会跟我一样，一定要记住这个密码，因为一会登录时会用到
//生成配置文件
vi /etc/my.cnf
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
basedir = /usr/local/mysql //安装位置
datadir = /opt/data //数据目录
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock //套接字
port = 3306
pid-file = /opt/data/mysql.pid //进程号id
user = mysql
skip-name-resolve //使用ip连接
sql-mode=STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION//配置服务启动脚本
[root@http mysql]# cd /usr/local/mysql/support-files
[root@http support-files]# ls
magic mysqld_multi.server mysql-log-rotate mysql.server
[root@http support-files]# cp -a mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
[root@http support-files]# vi /etc/init.d/mysqld //系统启动脚本文件
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
datadir=/opt/data//启动mysql
[root@http mysql]# service mysqld start
Starting MySQL.Logging to '/opt/data/http.err'.
SUCCESS!
[root@http mysql]# ss -antl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port Process
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:80 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 80 *:3306 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:*
[root@http mysql]#//修改密码
//使用临时密码登录
[root@http ~]# dnf -y install libncurses.so.5* /安装模块
[root@http ~]# mysql -uroot -p'lki;vg/Sp70i' //登录临时密码
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 4
Server version: 5.7.37
Copyright (c) 2000, 2022, Oracle and/or its affiliates.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> ser password = password('12345'); //登录新密码
ERROR 1064 (42000): You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near 'ser password = password('12345')' at line 1
mysql> set password = password('12345');
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
mysql> exit
Bye
[root@http ~]# mysql -uroot -p12345
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 6
Server version: 5.7.37 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2022, Oracle and/or its affiliates.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql>配置MySQL system守护进程
cp /usr/lib/systemd/system/sshd.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/mysql.service
[root@localhost ~]# vi /usr/lib/systemd/system/mysql.service
[Unit]
Description=mysql server daemon
After=network.target sshd-keygen.target
[Service]
Type=forking
ExecStart=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_multi start mysqlExecStop=ps -ef | grep 3308 | grep -v grep | awk '{print$2} ' | xargs kill -9 ExecReload=/bin/kill -HUP $MAINPID
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target3、 安装php
//安装依赖包
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install libxml2 libxml2-devel openssl openssl-devel bzip2 bzip2-devel libcurl libcurl-devel libicu-devel libjpeg libjpeg-devel libpng libpng-devel openldap-devel pcre-devel freetype freetype-devel gmp gmp-devel libmcrypt libmcrypt-devel readline readline-devel libxslt libxslt-devel mhash mhash-devel php-mysqlnd
[root@localhost ~]# wget https://www.php.net/distributions/php-7.4.30.tar.xz
--2022-08-02 18:05:55-- https://www.php.net/distributions/php-7.4.30.tar.xz //下载php
Resolving www.php.net (www.php.net)... 185.85.0.29, 2a02:cb40:200::1ad
Connecting to www.php.net (www.php.net)|185.85.0.29|:443... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 10419136 (9.9M) [application/octet-stream]
Saving to: ‘php-7.4.30.tar.xz’
php-7.4.30.tar.xz 100%[=======================>] 9.94M 53.1KB/s in 62s
2022-08-02 18:06:59 (164 KB/s) - ‘php-7.4.30.tar.xz’ saved [10419136/10419136]
[root@localhost ~]# tar xf php-7.4.30.tar.xz
[root@localhost ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg apr-util-1.6.1 httpd-2.4.54.tar.bz2 php-7.4.30.tar.xz
apr-1.6.5 apr-util-1.6.1.tar.bz2 pass
apr-1.6.5.tar.bz2 httpd-2.4.54 php-7.4.30
[root@localhost ~]# cd php-7.4.30
//工具
./configure --help | grep zip //查找依赖包的配置文件
[root@localhost php-7.4.30]#yum install -y http://mirror.centos.org/centos/8-stream/PowerTools/x86_64/os/Packages/oniguruma-devel-6.8.2-2.el8.x86_64.rpm
预编译安装PHP
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php7 \
--with-config-file-path=/etc \
--enable-fpm \
--enable-inline-optimization \
--disable-debug \
--disable-rpath \
--enable-shared \
--enable-soap \
--with-openssl \
--enable-bcmath \
--with-iconv \
--with-bz2 \
--enable-calendar \
--with-curl \
--enable-exif \
--enable-ftp \
--enable-gd \
--with-jpeg \
--with-zlib-dir \
--with-freetype \
--with-gettext \
--enable-json \
--enable-mbstring \
--enable-pdo \
--with-mysqli=mysqlnd \
--with-pdo-mysql=mysqlnd \
--with-readline \
--enable-shmop \
--enable-simplexml \
--enable-sockets \
--with-zip \
--enable-mysqlnd-compression-support \
--with-pear \
--enable-pcntl \
--enable-posix
接下来预编译时候会出现一些依赖包为下载的错误
//所显
configure: error: Package requirements (libzip >= 0.11 libzip != 1.3.1 libzip != 1.7.0) were not met:
Package 'libzip', required by 'virtual:world', not found
Package 'libzip', required by 'virtual:world', not found
Package 'libzip', required by 'virtual:world', not found
Consider adjusting the PKG_CONFIG_PATH environment variable if you
installed software in a non-standard prefix.
Alternatively, you may set the environment variables LIBZIP_CFLAGS
and LIBZIP_LIBS to avoid the need to call pkg-config.
See the pkg-config man page for more details.
//这里使用yum list all | grep libzip*查找出所有的包，在进行yum安装就好了
[root@localhost php-7.4.30]# yum list all | grep libzip*
libzip.x86_64 1.5.1-2.module_el8.2.0+313+b04d0a66 AppStream
libzip-devel.x86_64 1.5.1-2.module_el8.2.0+313+b04d0a66 AppStream
libzip-tools.x86_64 1.5.1-2.module_el8.2.0+313+b04d0a66 AppStream
//在次编译
+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
| License: |
| This software is subject to the PHP License, available in this |
| distribution in the file LICENSE. By continuing this installation |
| process, you are bound by the terms of this license agreement. |
| If you do not agree with the terms of this license, you must abort |
| the installation process at this point. |
+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
Thank you for using PHP. //代表执行成功
//编译安装php
[root@localhost php-7.4.30]#make && make install//安装后配置环境变量
[root@localhost ~]# echo 'export PATH=/usr/local/php7/bin:$PATH' > /etc/profile.d/php7.sh
[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/local/php7/
[root@localhost php7]# ls
bin etc include lib php sbin var
[root@localhost php7]# ln -s /usr/local/php7/include/ /usr/include/php7
[root@localhost php7]# echo '/usr/local/php7/lib/' > /etc/ld.so.conf.d/php7.conf
[root@localhost php7]# ldconfig
[root@localhost ~]# source /etc/profile.d/php7.sh//配置php-fpm
[root@localhost src]# cd php-7.4.30/
[root@localhost php-7.4.30]# cp php.ini-production /etc/php.ini
cp：是否覆盖'/etc/php.ini'？ y
[root@localhost php-7.4.30]# cp sapi/fpm/init.d.php-fpm /etc/init.d/php-fpm
[root@localhost php-7.4.30]# chmod +x /etc/rc.d/init.d/php-fpm
[root@localhost php-7.4.30]# cp /usr/local/php7/etc/php-fpm.conf.default /usr/local/php7/etc/php-fpm.conf
[root@localhost php-7.4.30]# cp /usr/local/php7/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf.default /usr/local/php7/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf
[root@localhost php-7.4.30]#//编辑php-fpm的配置文件（/usr/local/php7/etc/php-fpm.conf）：
//配置fpm的相关选项为你所需要的值：
[root@localhost ~]# vim /usr/local/php7/etc/php-fpm.conf
.....
.....
pm.max_children = 50 ;最多同时提供50个进程提供50个并发服务
pm.start_servers = 5 ;启动时启动5个进程
pm.min_spare_servers = 2 ;最小空闲进程数
pm.max_spare_servers = 8 ;最大空闲进程数
[root@localhost ~]# tail /usr/local/php7/etc/php-fpm.conf //查看
; file.
; Relative path can also be used. They will be prefixed by:
; - the global prefix if it's been set (-p argument)
; - /usr/local/php7 otherwise
include=/usr/local/php7/etc/php-fpm.d/*.conf
pm.max_children = 50
pm.start_servers = 5
pm.min_spare_servers = 2
pm.max_spare_servers = 8//启动php-fpm
[root@localhost php-7.4.30]# /etc/init.d/php-fpm start
Starting php-fpm done
[root@localhost php-7.4.30]# ss -antl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port Process
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 127.0.0.1:9000 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:*
LISTEN 0 80 *:3306 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:80 *:*
[root@localhost php-7.4.30]# ps -ef | grep php
root 68654 60720 0 09:07 pts/0 00:00:00 /bin/sh ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php7 --with-config-file-path=/etc --enable-fpm --disable-debug
root 69398 68654 0 09:07 pts/0 00:00:00 /bin/sh ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php7 --with-config-file-path=/etc --enable-fpm --disable-debug
root 214216 1 0 10:01 ? 00:00:00 php-fpm: master process (/usr/local/php7/etc/php-fpm.conf)
nobody 214217 214216 0 10:01 ? 00:00:00 php-fpm: pool www
nobody 214218 214216 0 10:01 ? 00:00:00 php-fpm: pool www
nobody 214219 214216 0 10:01 ? 00:00:00 php-fpm: pool www
nobody 214220 214216 0 10:01 ? 00:00:00 php-fpm: pool www
nobody 214221 214216 0 10:01 ? 00:00:00 php-fpm: pool www
root 214224 60720 0 10:01 pts/0 00:00:00 grep --color=auto php设置以systemctl服务开启的配置
[root@localhost system]# pwd
/usr/lib/systemd/system
[root@localhost system]# cp sshd.service php-fpm.service
[root@localhost system]# vim php-fpm.service
[Unit]
Description=php-fpm server daemon
After=network.target sshd-keygen.target
[Service]
Type=forking
ExecStart=/etc/init.d/php-fpm start
ExecStop=/etc/init.d/php-fpm stop
ExecReload=/bin/kill -HUP $MAINPID
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
[root@localhost system]# systemctl daemon-reload
[root@localhost system]# systemctl start php-fpm.service
[root@localhost system]# ss -antl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port Process
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 127.0.0.1:9000 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:*
LISTEN 0 80 *:3306 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:80 *:*
//设置开机自启
[root@localhost system]# systemctl enable php-fpm.service
Synchronizing state of php-fpm.service with SysV service script with /usr/lib/systemd/systemd-sysv-install.
Executing: /usr/lib/systemd/systemd-sysv-install enable php-fpm
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/php-fpm.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/php-fpm.service.4、 配置apache代理模块
启用代理模块
在apache httpd 2.4以后已经专门有一个模块针对FastCGI的实现，此模块为mod_proxy_fcgi.so，它其实是作为mod_proxy.so模块的扩展，因此，这两个模块都要加载，编辑httpd.conf文件，取消以下两行内容的注释:
LoadModule proxy_module modules/mod_proxy.so
LoadModule proxy_fcgi_module modules/mod_proxy_fcgi.so
//启用httpd的相关模块
[root@localhost ~]# sed -i '/proxy_module/s/#//g' /etc/httpd24/httpd.conf
[root@localhost ~]# sed -i '/proxy_fcgi_module/s/#//g' /etc/httpd24/httpd.conf配置虚拟主机
在需要使用fcgi的虚拟主机中添加类似如下两行：
//这里解释一下
ProxyRequests Off //关闭正向代理
ProxyPassMatch ^/(.*.php)$ fcgi://127.0.0.1:9000/PATH/TO/DOCUMENT_ROOT/$1
例如：
ProxyPassMatch ^/(.*.php)$ fcgi://127.0.0.1:9000/var/www/html/idfsoft.com/$1
以上设置表示把以.php结尾的文件请求发送到php-fpm进程，php-fpm至少需要知道运行的目录和URI，所以这里直接在fcgi://127.0.0.1:9000后指明了这两个参数，其它参数的传递已经被mod_proxy_fcgi.so进行了封装，不需要手动指定。
注意：
这里写的/var/www/html/是yum源安装方式生成的网页存放目录，这里必须改成你编译安装指定的网页存放路径，禁止直接复制我这里的路径
这里的idfsoft.com是域名，你必须改成你所使用的域名，禁止直接复制此处的域名
这里的$1表示匹配所有以.php结尾的http请求
//创建虚拟主机目录并生成php测试页面
[root@localhost system]# cd /usr/local/apache/htdocs/
[root@localhost htdocs]# ls
index.html
[root@localhost htdocs]# cat index.html
<html><body><h1>It works!</h1></body></html>
[root@localhost htdocs]# rm -rf *
[root@localhost htdocs]# ls
[root@localhost htdocs]# vim index.php
<?php
phpinfo();
?>
[root@localhost htdocs]# ll
total 4
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 24 Aug 3 10:44 index.php
[root@localhost htdocs]# ll -d /usr/local/apache/
drwxr-xr-x. 13 root root 152 Aug 2 21:45 /usr/local/apache/
[root@localhost htdocs]# id apache
uid=994(apache) gid=991(apache) groups=991(apache)
[root@localhost htdocs]# chown -R apache.apache /usr/local/apache/
[root@localhost htdocs]# vim /etc/httpd24/httpd.conf //开启虚拟主机
Virtual hosts
//取消# Include /etc/httpd24/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/httpd24/httpd.conf
//在配置文件的最后加入以下内容
<VirtualHost *:80>
DocumentRoot "/usr/local/apache/htdocs/hh"
ServerName hh.example.com
ErrorLog "logs/hh.example.com-error_log"
CustomLog "logs/hh.example.com-access_log" common
ProxyRequests Off
ProxyPassMatch ^/(.*\.php)$ fcgi://127.0.0.1:9000/usr/local/apache/htdocs/hh.com/$1
<Directory "/usr/local/apache/htdocs/hh">
Options none
AllowOverride none //允许所有人访问
Require all granted
</Directory>
</VirtualHost>//进入网页配置文件中修改
[root@localhost apache]# cd htdocs/
[root@localhost htdocs]# ls
index.php
[root@localhost htdocs]# mkdir hh
[root@localhost htdocs]# mv index.php hh/
[root@localhost htdocs]# ls
hh
[root@localhost htdocs]# cd hh
[root@localhost hh]# cat index.php
<?php
phpinfo();
?>
[root@localhost htdocs]# chown -R apache.apache hh/
[root@localhost htdocs]# ll
total 0
drwxr-xr-x. 2 apache apache 23 Aug 3 11:12 hh
[root@localhost htdocs]# vim /etc/httpd24/httpd.conf
AddType application/x-compress .Z
AddType application/x-gzip .gz .tgz
AddType application/x-httpd-php .php
AddType application/x-httpd-php-source .phps
<IfModule dir_module>
DirectoryIndex index.php index.html //添加index.php 便于查找
</IfModule>//关闭防火墙
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl stop firewalld
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl disable firewalld
Removed /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/firewalld.service.
Removed /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service.
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/selinux/config
[root@localhost ~]# setenforce 0
[root@localhost ~]# httpd -t
Syntax OK
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart httpd.service
[root@localhost ~]# ss -antl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port Process
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 127.0.0.1:9000 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:*
LISTEN 0 80 *:3306 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:80 *:*5、 验证
1.修改windos c 盘下的/etc/hosts文件添加，添加域名与IP的映射
>将 Windows 系统下的C:\Windows\System32\drivers\etc\hosts文件移至桌面，使用记事本打开，添加192.168.91.128 runtime.example.com，再移回。2.在浏览器上使用域名访问，若看到以下界面则表示lamp架构搭建成功，否则请检查你的操作
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