python 支持的邮箱协议

SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol)
　　邮件传送代理 (Mail Transfer Agent，MTA) 程序使用SMTP协议来发送电邮到接收者的邮件服务器。SMTP协议只能用来发送邮件，不能用来接收邮件。大多数的邮件发送服务器 (Outgoing Mail Server) 都是使用SMTP协议。SMTP协议的默认TCP端口号是25。

　　SMTP协议的一个重要特点是它能够接力传送邮件。它工作在两种情况下：一是电子邮件从客户机传输到服务器；二是从某一个服务器传输到另一个服务器。

POP3 (Post Office Protocol) & IMAP (Internet Message Access Protocol)

　　POP协议和IMAP协议是用于邮件接收的最常见的两种协议。几乎所有的邮件客户端和服务器都支持这两种协议。

　　POP3协议为用户提供了一种简单、标准的方式来访问邮箱和获取电邮。使用POP3协议的电邮客户端通常的工作过程是：连接服务器、获取所有信息并保存在用户主机、从服务器删除这些消息然后断开连接。POP3协议的默认TCP端口号是110。

　　IMAP协议也提供了方便的邮件下载服务，让用户能进行离线阅读。使用IMAP协议的电邮客户端通常把信息保留在服务器上直到用户显式删除。这种特性使得多个客户端可以同时管理一个邮箱。IMAP协议提供了摘要浏览功能，可以让用户在阅读完所有的邮件到达时间、主题、发件人、大小等信息后再决定是否下载。IMAP协议的默认TCP端口号是143。

邮件格式 (RFC 2822)

　　每封邮件都有两个部分：邮件头和邮件体，两者使用一个空行分隔。

　　邮件头每个字段 (Field) 包括两部分：字段名和字段值，两者使用冒号分隔。有两个字段需要注意：From和Sender字段。From字段指明的是邮件的作者，Sender字段指明的是邮件的发送者。如果From字段包含多于一个的作者，必须指定Sender字段；如果From字段只有一个作者并且作者和发送者相同，那么不应该再使用Sender字段，否则From字段和Sender字段应该同时使用。

　　邮件体包含邮件的内容，它的类型由邮件头的Content-Type字段指明。RFC 2822定义的邮件格式中，邮件体只是单纯的ASCII编码的字符序列。

MIME (Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions) (RFC 1341)

　　MIME扩展邮件的格式，用以支持非ASCII编码的文本、非文本附件以及包含多个部分 (multi-part) 的邮件体等。

Python email模块

1. class email.message.Message

__getitem__，__setitem__实现obj[key]形式的访问。

Msg.attach(playload): 向当前Msg添加playload。

Msg.set_playload(playload): 把整个Msg对象的邮件体设成playload。

Msg.add_header(_name, _value, **_params): 添加邮件头字段。

2. class email.mime.base.MIMEBase(_maintype, _subtype, **_params)

　　所有MIME类的基类，是email.message.Message类的子类。

3. class email.mime.multipart.MIMEMultipart()

　　在3.0版本的email模块 (Python 2.3-Python 2.5) 中，这个类位于email.MIMEMultipart.MIMEMultipart。

　　这个类是MIMEBase的直接子类，用来生成包含多个部分的邮件体的MIME对象。

4. class email.mime.text.MIMEText(_text)

　　使用字符串_text来生成MIME对象的主体文本。

发邮件代码范例：

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-
 
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
from email.mime.base import MIMEBase
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
 
# python 2.3.*: email.Utils email.Encoders
from email.utils import COMMASPACE,formatdate
from email import encoders
 
import os
 
#server['name'], server['user'], server['passwd']
def send_mail(server, fro, to, subject, text, files=[]): 
    assert type(server) == dict 
    assert type(to) == list 
    assert type(files) == list 
 
    msg = MIMEMultipart() 
    msg['From'] = fro 
    msg['Subject'] = subject 
    msg['To'] = COMMASPACE.join(to) #COMMASPACE==', ' 
    msg['Date'] = formatdate(localtime=True) 
    msg.attach(MIMEText(text)) 
 
    for file in files: 
        part = MIMEBase('application', 'octet-stream') #'octet-stream': binary data 
        part.set_payload(open(file, 'rb'.read())) 
        encoders.encode_base64(part) 
        part.add_header('Content-Disposition', 'attachment; filename="%s"' % os.path.basename(file)) 
        msg.attach(part) 
 
    import smtplib 
    smtp = smtplib.SMTP(server['name']) 
    smtp.login(server['user'], server['passwd']) 
    smtp.sendmail(fro, to, msg.as_string()) 
    smtp.close()

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-
 
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
from email.mime.base import MIMEBase
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
 
# python 2.3.*: email.Utils email.Encoders
from email.utils import COMMASPACE,formatdate
from email import encoders
 
import os
 
#server['name'], server['user'], server['passwd']
def send_mail(server, fro, to, subject, text, files=[]): 
    assert type(server) == dict 
    assert type(to) == list 
    assert type(files) == list 
 
    msg = MIMEMultipart() 
    msg['From'] = fro 
    msg['Subject'] = subject 
    msg['To'] = COMMASPACE.join(to) #COMMASPACE==', ' 
    msg['Date'] = formatdate(localtime=True) 
    msg.attach(MIMEText(text)) 
 
    for file in files: 
        part = MIMEBase('application', 'octet-stream') #'octet-stream': binary data 
        part.set_payload(open(file, 'rb'.read())) 
        encoders.encode_base64(part) 
        part.add_header('Content-Disposition', 'attachment; filename="%s"' % os.path.basename(file)) 
        msg.attach(part) 
 
    import smtplib 
    smtp = smtplib.SMTP(server['name']) 
    smtp.login(server['user'], server['passwd']) 
    smtp.sendmail(fro, to, msg.as_string()) 
    smtp.close()

文件形式的邮件：

#!/usr/bin/env python3  
#coding: utf-8  

import smtplib  
from email.mime.text import MIMEText  
from email.header import Header  
  
sender = '***'  
receiver = '***'  
subject = 'python email test'  
smtpserver = 'smtp.163.com'  
username = '***'  
password = '***'  
  
msg = MIMEText('你好','text','utf-8') #中文需参数‘utf-8’，单字节字符不需要  
msg['Subject'] = Header(subject, 'utf-8')  
  
smtp = smtplib.SMTP()  
smtp.connect('smtp.163.com')  
smtp.login(username, password)  
smtp.sendmail(sender, receiver, msg.as_string())  
smtp.quit()

#!/usr/bin/env python3  
#coding: utf-8  

import smtplib  
from email.mime.text import MIMEText  
from email.header import Header  
  
sender = '***'  
receiver = '***'  
subject = 'python email test'  
smtpserver = 'smtp.163.com'  
username = '***'  
password = '***'  
  
msg = MIMEText('你好','text','utf-8') #中文需参数‘utf-8’，单字节字符不需要  
msg['Subject'] = Header(subject, 'utf-8')  
  
smtp = smtplib.SMTP()  
smtp.connect('smtp.163.com')  
smtp.login(username, password)  
smtp.sendmail(sender, receiver, msg.as_string())  
smtp.quit()

HTML形式的邮件

#!/usr/bin/env python3  
#coding: utf-8  

import smtplib  
from email.mime.text import MIMEText  
  
sender = '***'  
receiver = '***'  
subject = 'python email test'  
smtpserver = 'smtp.163.com'  
username = '***'  
password = '***'  
  
msg = MIMEText('<html><h1>你好</h1></html>','html','utf-8')  
  
msg['Subject'] = subject  
  
smtp = smtplib.SMTP()  
smtp.connect('smtp.163.com')  
smtp.login(username, password)  
smtp.sendmail(sender, receiver, msg.as_string())  
smtp.quit()

#!/usr/bin/env python3  
#coding: utf-8  

import smtplib  
from email.mime.text import MIMEText  
  
sender = '***'  
receiver = '***'  
subject = 'python email test'  
smtpserver = 'smtp.163.com'  
username = '***'  
password = '***'  
  
msg = MIMEText('<html><h1>你好</h1></html>','html','utf-8')  
  
msg['Subject'] = subject  
  
smtp = smtplib.SMTP()  
smtp.connect('smtp.163.com')  
smtp.login(username, password)  
smtp.sendmail(sender, receiver, msg.as_string())  
smtp.quit()

带图片的HTML形式的邮件

#!/usr/bin/env python3  
#coding: utf-8  

import smtplib  
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart  
from email.mime.text import MIMEText  
from email.mime.image import MIMEImage  
  
sender = '***'  
receiver = '***'  
subject = 'python email test'  
smtpserver = 'smtp.163.com'  
username = '***'  
password = '***'  
  
msgRoot = MIMEMultipart('related')  
msgRoot['Subject'] = 'test message'  
  
msgText = MIMEText('<b>Some <i>HTML</i> text</b> and an image.<br><img src="cid:image1"><br>good!','html','utf-8')  
msgRoot.attach(msgText)  
  
fp = open('h:\\python\\1.jpg', 'rb')  
msgImage = MIMEImage(fp.read())  
fp.close()  
  
msgImage.add_header('Content-ID', '<image1>')  
msgRoot.attach(msgImage)  
  
smtp = smtplib.SMTP()  
smtp.connect('smtp.163.com')  
smtp.login(username, password)  
smtp.sendmail(sender, receiver, msgRoot.as_string())  
smtp.quit()

#!/usr/bin/env python3  
#coding: utf-8  

import smtplib  
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart  
from email.mime.text import MIMEText  
from email.mime.image import MIMEImage  
  
sender = '***'  
receiver = '***'  
subject = 'python email test'  
smtpserver = 'smtp.163.com'  
username = '***'  
password = '***'  
  
msgRoot = MIMEMultipart('related')  
msgRoot['Subject'] = 'test message'  
  
msgText = MIMEText('<b>Some <i>HTML</i> text</b> and an image.<br><img src="cid:image1"><br>good!','html','utf-8')  
msgRoot.attach(msgText)  
  
fp = open('h:\\python\\1.jpg', 'rb')  
msgImage = MIMEImage(fp.read())  
fp.close()  
  
msgImage.add_header('Content-ID', '<image1>')  
msgRoot.attach(msgImage)  
  
smtp = smtplib.SMTP()  
smtp.connect('smtp.163.com')  
smtp.login(username, password)  
smtp.sendmail(sender, receiver, msgRoot.as_string())  
smtp.quit()

带附件的邮件

#!/usr/bin/env python3  
#coding: utf-8  

import smtplib  
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart  
from email.mime.text import MIMEText  
from email.mime.image import MIMEImage  
  
sender = '***'  
receiver = '***'  
subject = 'python email test'  
smtpserver = 'smtp.163.com'  
username = '***'  
password = '***'  
  
msgRoot = MIMEMultipart('related')  
msgRoot['Subject'] = 'test message'  
  
#构造附件  
att = MIMEText(open('h:\\python\\1.jpg', 'rb').read(), 'base64', 'utf-8')  
att["Content-Type"] = 'application/octet-stream'  
att["Content-Disposition"] = 'attachment; filename="1.jpg"'  
msgRoot.attach(att)  
          
smtp = smtplib.SMTP()  
smtp.connect('smtp.163.com')  
smtp.login(username, password)  
smtp.sendmail(sender, receiver, msgRoot.as_string())  
smtp.quit()

 

#!/usr/bin/env python3  
#coding: utf-8  

import smtplib  
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart  
from email.mime.text import MIMEText  
from email.mime.image import MIMEImage  
  
sender = '***'  
receiver = '***'  
subject = 'python email test'  
smtpserver = 'smtp.163.com'  
username = '***'  
password = '***'  
  
msgRoot = MIMEMultipart('related')  
msgRoot['Subject'] = 'test message'  
  
#构造附件  
att = MIMEText(open('h:\\python\\1.jpg', 'rb').read(), 'base64', 'utf-8')  
att["Content-Type"] = 'application/octet-stream'  
att["Content-Disposition"] = 'attachment; filename="1.jpg"'  
msgRoot.attach(att)  
          
smtp = smtplib.SMTP()  
smtp.connect('smtp.163.com')  
smtp.login(username, password)  
smtp.sendmail(sender, receiver, msgRoot.as_string())  
smtp.quit()

群邮件

#!/usr/bin/env python3  
#coding: utf-8 
 
import smtplib  
from email.mime.text import MIMEText  
  
sender = '***'  
receiver = ['***','****',……]  
subject = 'python email test'  
smtpserver = 'smtp.163.com'  
username = '***'  
password = '***'  
  
msg = MIMEText('你好','text','utf-8')  
  
msg['Subject'] = subject  
  
smtp = smtplib.SMTP()  
smtp.connect('smtp.163.com')  
smtp.login(username, password)  
smtp.sendmail(sender, receiver, msg.as_string())  
smtp.quit()

各种元素都包含的邮件

#!/usr/bin/env python3  
#coding: utf-8  

import smtplib  
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart  
from email.mime.text import MIMEText  
from email.mime.image import MIMEImage  
  
sender = '***'  
receiver = '***'  
subject = 'python email test'  
smtpserver = 'smtp.163.com'  
username = '***'  
password = '***'  
  
# Create message container - the correct MIME type is multipart/alternative.  
msg = MIMEMultipart('alternative')  
msg['Subject'] = "Link"  
  
# Create the body of the message (a plain-text and an HTML version).  
text = "Hi!\nHow are you?\nHere is the link you wanted:\nhttp://www.python.org"  
html = """\ 
<html> 
  <head></head> 
  <body> 
    <p>Hi!<br> 
       How are you?<br> 
       Here is the <a href="http://www.python.org">link</a> you wanted. 
    </p> 
  </body> 
</html> 
"""  
  
# Record the MIME types of both parts - text/plain and text/html.  
part1 = MIMEText(text, 'plain')  
part2 = MIMEText(html, 'html')  
  
# Attach parts into message container.  
# According to RFC 2046, the last part of a multipart message, in this case  
# the HTML message, is best and preferred.  
msg.attach(part1)  
msg.attach(part2)  
#构造附件  
att = MIMEText(open('h:\\python\\1.jpg', 'rb').read(), 'base64', 'utf-8')  
att["Content-Type"] = 'application/octet-stream'  
att["Content-Disposition"] = 'attachment; filename="1.jpg"'  
msg.attach(att)  
     
smtp = smtplib.SMTP()  
smtp.connect('smtp.163.com')  
smtp.login(username, password)  
smtp.sendmail(sender, receiver, msg.as_string())  
smtp.quit()