1. 拷贝文件夹


from shutil import copytree, ignore_patterns
copytree(source, destination, ignore=ignore_patterns('*.pyc', 'tmp*'))


注:

shutil.copytree实现


def copytree(src, dst, symlinks=False, ignore=None):
    names = os.listdir(src)
    if ignore is not None:
        ignored_names = ignore(src, names)
    else:
        ignored_names = set()

    os.makedirs(dst)
    errors = []
    for name in names:
        if name in ignored_names:
            continue
        srcname = os.path.join(src, name)
        dstname = os.path.join(dst, name)
        try:
            if symlinks and os.path.islink(srcname):
                linkto = os.readlink(srcname)
                os.symlink(linkto, dstname)
            elif os.path.isdir(srcname):
                copytree(srcname, dstname, symlinks, ignore)
            else:
                copy2(srcname, dstname)
            # XXX What about devices, sockets etc.?
        except (IOError, os.error) as why:
            errors.append((srcname, dstname, str(why)))
        # catch the Error from the recursive copytree so that we can
        # continue with other files
        except Error as err:
            errors.extend(err.args[0])
    try:
        copystat(src, dst)
    except WindowsError:
        # can't copy file access times on Windows
        pass
    except OSError as why:
        errors.extend((src, dst, str(why)))
    if errors:
        raise Error(errors)



2. 删除文件夹
#! /usr/bash/python
# encoding:utf-8

import os
import os.path
import stat
import shutil

class DelDir:
	''' 删除指定根目录下特定文件夹 '''
	def __init__(self, root, dirname):
		self.root = root
		self.dirname = dirname

	def run(self):
		for r, dirs, files in os.walk(self.root):
			if self.dirname in dirs:
				srcDir = os.path.join(r, self.dirname)
				#更改权限(win7会出现权限问题)
				os.chmod(srcDir, stat.S_IREAD | stat.S_IWRITE)
				result = shutil.rmtree(srcDir, False, self.__handler)
				print  "%s" %(srcDir)

	def __handler(self, function, path, excinfo):
		''' 删除出错处理 '''
		#更改权限(win7会出现权限问题)
		os.chmod(path, stat.S_IREAD | stat.S_IWRITE)
		function(path)
		print "[Handler] ==> Path:%s  \n\tHandler the Error: %s" %(path, excinfo)

if __name__ == '__main__':
	rootdir = r"E:\workspace\minioffice\mini-core\src\main\webapp" # 需要处理的文件夹
	rootdir = unicode(rootdir, "utf8")
	dirname = ".svn" # 删除的文件夹
	c = DelDir(rootdir, dirname)
	c.run()



Python实现文件夹递归拷贝


目标:


1.多层文件夹嵌套,在要备份的文件夹中嵌套多个文件夹



2.增量备份,因为文件较多,且之前已有部分备份,所以只需对新增的文件进行备份,提升效率



 



Python安装:



1.下载安装包, http://www.python.org/getit/,可以选择Python2或3,2的兼容性更好



2.添加Python安装目录如D:\Program\Python到环境变量Path中



编写脚本:



Python中自身有文件夹拷贝的API,但有诸多限制,不能满足需求,所以自己实现



要点有两个:


1.递归拷贝,因为有多层嵌套文件夹,所以用递归实现



2.错误处理,要考虑文件夹不存在的情况



 



脚本如下:



########################################################################### 
  
 
  

    # -*- coding: GBK -*- 
  
 
  

    # 文件自动备份脚本 
  
 
  

    # 作者:阿凡提 
  
 
 

    import os 
  
 
  

    import shutil 
  
 
 

    # 设置待备份的源文件夹及存放备份文件的目标文件夹 
  
 
  

    srcDir = "f:\\src" 
  
 
  

    dstDir = "f:\\dst" 
  
 
 

    # 目录递归拷贝函数 
  
 
  

    def dir_copyTree(src, dst): 
  
 
  

        names = os.listdir(src) 
  
 
  

        # 目标文件夹不存在,则新建 
  
 
  

        if not os.path.exists(dst): 
  
 
  

            os.mkdir(dst) 
  
 
  

        # 遍历源文件夹中的文件与文件夹 
  
 
  

        for name in names: 
  
 
  

            srcname = os.path.join(src, name) 
  
 
  

            dstname = os.path.join(dst, name) 
  
 
  

            try: 
  
 
  

                # 是文件夹则递归调用本拷贝函数,否则直接拷贝文件 
  
 
  

                if os.path.isdir(srcname):                 
  
 
  

                    dir_copyTree(srcname, dstname) 
  
 
  

                else: 
  
 
  

                    if (not os.path.exists(dstname) 
  
 
  

                        or ((os.path.exists(dstname)) 
  
 
  

                            and (os.path.getsize(dstname) != os.path.getsize(srcname)))): 
  
 
  

                        print dstname 
  
 
  

                        shutil.copy2(srcname, dst) 
  
 
  

            except: 
  
 
  

                error.traceback(); 
  
 
  

                raise 
  
 
 

    # 备份函数 
  
 
  

    def dir_backup(): 
  
 
  

        global srcDir 
  
 
  

        global dstDir 
  
 
  

        print "源文件夹" + srcDir 
  
 
  

        print "目标文件夹" + dstDir 
  
 
  

        print "本次拷贝文件:" 
  
 
  

        dir_copyTree(srcDir, dstDir) 
  
 
  

        # 将此句注释则会一闪而过,方便自动备份 
  
 
  

        raw_input ("备份完成") 
  
 
 

    # 执行备份函数 
  
 
  

    dir_backup() 
  
 
  

    ###########################################################################

结合Windows的任务计划程序定时运行此脚本,即可实现自动备份的目的。

python 文件夹复制加强版

shutil模块主要用于文件夹的操作。其中copytree用来对文件夹进行复制,但是比较遗憾的是,如果目标文件已经存在的话,该函数就会报错抛异常了,非常地不给力。求人不如求已,看到帮助文档中有此方法的源码,就修改了一下,使其默认可以支持文件和文件夹的覆盖。

import os
import os.path
import shutil
def copytree(src, dst, symlinks=False):
    names = os.listdir(src)
    if not os.path.isdir(dst):
        os.makedirs(dst)
        
    errors = []
    for name in names:
        srcname = os.path.join(src, name)
        dstname = os.path.join(dst, name)
        try:
            if symlinks and os.path.islink(srcname):
                linkto = os.readlink(srcname)
                os.symlink(linkto, dstname)
            elif os.path.isdir(srcname):
                copytree(srcname, dstname, symlinks)
            else:
                if os.path.isdir(dstname):
                    os.rmdir(dstname)
                elif os.path.isfile(dstname):
                    os.remove(dstname)
                shutil.copy2(srcname, dstname)
            # XXX What about devices, sockets etc.?
        except (IOError, os.error) as why:
            errors.append((srcname, dstname, str(why)))
        # catch the Error from the recursive copytree so that we can
        # continue with other files
        except OSError as err:
            errors.extend(err.args[0])
    try:
        copystat(src, dst)
    except WindowsError:
        # can't copy file access times on Windows
        pass
    except OSError as why:
        errors.extend((src, dst, str(why)))
    if errors:
        raise Error(errors)
if __name__ == '__main__':
    copytree('E:/book', 'E:/newbook')