SpringBoot系列博客目录,含1.5.X版本和2.X版本
springboot2.0正式版发布之后,很多的组件集成需要变更了,这次将多数据源的使用踩的坑给大家填一填。当前多数据源的主要为主从库,读写分离,动态切换数据源。使用的技术就是AOP进行dao方法的切面,所以大家的方法名开头都需要按照规范进行编写,如:get***
、add***
等等,
起步基础
本次的教程需要有springboot2.0集成mybatis 作为基础:
- 博客地址:springboot2.0 Mybatis 整合 (springboot2.0版本)
- 基础项目源码:https://github.com/WinterChenS/springboot2-mybatis-demo
需要以上的步骤作为基础,运行成功之后可就可以开始配置多数据源了
开始动手
添加依赖
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-aop</artifactId>
</dependency>
修改启动类
修改之前:
@SpringBootApplication
@MapperScan("com.winterchen.dao")
public class SpringBootMybatisMutilDatabaseApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(SpringBootMybatisMutilDatabaseApplication.class, args);
}
}
修改之后:
@SpringBootApplication
public class SpringBootMybatisMutilDatabaseApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(SpringBootMybatisMutilDatabaseApplication.class, args);
}
}
因为改用多数据源,所以dao接口的扫描我们放在配置类中进行
修改项目配置
首先我们需要在配置文件中配置多数据源,看一下原本项目的配置:
spring:
datasource:
name: mysql_test
#-----------------start-----------------# (1)
type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource
#-----------------end-----------------#
#druid相关配置
druid:
#监控统计拦截的filters
filters: stat
#-----------------start-----------------# (2)
driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
#基本属性
url: jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/mytest?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8&allowMultiQueries=true
username: root
password: root
#-----------------end-----------------#
#配置初始化大小/最小/最大
initial-size: 1
min-idle: 1
max-active: 20
#获取连接等待超时时间
max-wait: 60000
#间隔多久进行一次检测,检测需要关闭的空闲连接
time-between-eviction-runs-millis: 60000
#一个连接在池中最小生存的时间
min-evictable-idle-time-millis: 300000
validation-query: SELECT 'x'
test-while-idle: true
test-on-borrow: false
test-on-return: false
#打开PSCache,并指定每个连接上PSCache的大小。oracle设为true,mysql设为false。分库分表较多推荐设置为false
pool-prepared-statements: false
max-pool-prepared-statement-per-connection-size: 20
**需要修改的地方: **
- (1) 需要将
type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource
去除; - (2) 将关于数据库的连接信息:
driver-class-name
、url
、username
、password
去除;
修改后:
spring:
datasource:
name: mysql_test
#-------------- start ----------------# (1)
master:
#基本属性--注意,这里的为【jdbcurl】-- 默认使用HikariPool作为数据库连接池
jdbcurl: jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/mytest?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8&allowMultiQueries=true
username: root
password: root
driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
slave:
#基本属性--注意,这里为 【url】-- 使用 druid 作为数据库连接池
url: jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/mytest?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8&allowMultiQueries=true
username: root
password: root
driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
read: get,select,count,list,query,find
write: add,create,update,delete,remove,insert
#-------------- end ----------------#
#druid相关配置
druid:
#监控统计拦截的filters
filters: stat,wall
#配置初始化大小/最小/最大
initial-size: 1
min-idle: 1
max-active: 20
#获取连接等待超时时间
max-wait: 60000
#间隔多久进行一次检测,检测需要关闭的空闲连接
time-between-eviction-runs-millis: 60000
#一个连接在池中最小生存的时间
min-evictable-idle-time-millis: 300000
validation-query: SELECT 'x'
test-while-idle: true
test-on-borrow: false
test-on-return: false
#打开PSCache,并指定每个连接上PSCache的大小。oracle设为true,mysql设为false。分库分表较多推荐设置为false
pool-prepared-statements: false
max-pool-prepared-statement-per-connection-size: 20
需要修改地方:
- (1) 在如上的配置中添加
master
、slave
两个数据源;
注意!!两中数据源中有一处是不一样的,原因是因为master
数据源使用 Hikari
连接池,slave
使用的是druid
作为数据库连接池,所以两处的配置分别为:
master:
jdbcurl: jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/mytest?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8&allowMultiQueries=true
slave:
url: jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/mytest?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8&allowMultiQueries=true
数据库的连接不一样的,如果配置成一样的会在启动的时候报错。
注意!!
dao接口方法的方法名规则配置在这里了,当然可以自行更改:
read: get,select,count,list,query,find
write: add,create,update,delete,remove,insert
创建配置包
首先在项目的/src/main/java/com/winterchen/
包下创建config
包
创建数据源类型的枚举DatabaseType
该枚举类主要用来区分读写
package com.winterchen.config;
/**
* 列出数据源类型
* Created by Donghua.Chen on 2018/5/29.
*/
public enum DatabaseType {
master("write"), slave("read");
DatabaseType(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
private String name;
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "DatabaseType{" +
"name='" + name + '\'' +
'}';
}
}
创建线程安全的DatabaseType容器
多数据源必须要保证数据源的线程安全的
package com.winterchen.config;
/**
* 保存一个线程安全的DatabaseType容器
* Created by Donghua.Chen on 2018/5/29.
*/
public class DatabaseContextHolder {
//用于存放多线程环境下的成员变量
private static final ThreadLocal<DatabaseType> contextHolder = new ThreadLocal<>();
public static void setDatabaseType(DatabaseType type) {
contextHolder.set(type);
}
public static DatabaseType getDatabaseType() {
return contextHolder.get();
}
}
创建动态数据源
实现数据源切换的功能就是自定义一个类扩展AbstractRoutingDataSource抽象类,其实该相当于数据源DataSource的路由中介,可以实现在项目运行时根据相应key值切换到对应的数据源DataSource上,有兴趣的同学可以看看它的源码。
public class DynamicDataSource extends AbstractRoutingDataSource {
static final Map<DatabaseType, List<String>> METHOD_TYPE_MAP = new HashMap<>();
@Nullable
@Override
protected Object determineCurrentLookupKey() {
DatabaseType type = DatabaseContextHolder.getDatabaseType();
logger.info("====================dataSource ==========" + type);
return type;
}
void setMethodType(DatabaseType type, String content) {
List<String> list = Arrays.asList(content.split(","));
METHOD_TYPE_MAP.put(type, list);
}
}
创建数据源配置类DataSourceConfig
@Configuration
@MapperScan("com.winterchen.dao")
@EnableTransactionManagement
public class DataSourceConfig {
private static Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(DataSourceConfig.class);
@Autowired
private Environment env; // (1)
@Autowired
private DataSourceProperties properties; // (2)
@Value("${spring.datasource.druid.filters}") // (3)
private String filters;
@Value("${spring.datasource.druid.initial-size}")
private Integer initialSize;
@Value("${spring.datasource.druid.min-idle}")
private Integer minIdle;
@Value("${spring.datasource.druid.max-active}")
private Integer maxActive;
@Value("${spring.datasource.druid.max-wait}")
private Integer maxWait;
@Value("${spring.datasource.druid.time-between-eviction-runs-millis}")
private Long timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis;
@Value("${spring.datasource.druid.min-evictable-idle-time-millis}")
private Long minEvictableIdleTimeMillis;
@Value("${spring.datasource.druid.validation-query}")
private String validationQuery;
@Value("${spring.datasource.druid.test-while-idle}")
private Boolean testWhileIdle;
@Value("${spring.datasource.druid.test-on-borrow}")
private boolean testOnBorrow;
@Value("${spring.datasource.druid.test-on-return}")
private boolean testOnReturn;
@Value("${spring.datasource.druid.pool-prepared-statements}")
private boolean poolPreparedStatements;
@Value("${spring.datasource.druid.max-pool-prepared-statement-per-connection-size}")
private Integer maxPoolPreparedStatementPerConnectionSize;
/**
* 通过Spring JDBC 快速创建 DataSource
* @return
*/
@Bean(name = "masterDataSource")
@Qualifier("masterDataSource")
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.datasource.master") // (4)
public DataSource masterDataSource() {
return DataSourceBuilder.create().build();
}
/**
* 手动创建DruidDataSource,通过DataSourceProperties 读取配置
* @return
* @throws SQLException
*/
@Bean(name = "slaveDataSource")
@Qualifier("slaveDataSource")
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.datasource.slave")
public DataSource slaveDataSource() throws SQLException {
DruidDataSource dataSource = new DruidDataSource();
dataSource.setFilters(filters);
dataSource.setUrl(properties.getUrl());
dataSource.setDriverClassName(properties.getDriverClassName());
dataSource.setUsername(properties.getUsername());
dataSource.setPassword(properties.getPassword());
dataSource.setInitialSize(initialSize);
dataSource.setMinIdle(minIdle);
dataSource.setMaxActive(maxActive);
dataSource.setMaxWait(maxWait);
dataSource.setTimeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis(timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis);
dataSource.setMinEvictableIdleTimeMillis(minEvictableIdleTimeMillis);
dataSource.setValidationQuery(validationQuery);
dataSource.setTestWhileIdle(testWhileIdle);
dataSource.setTestOnBorrow(testOnBorrow);
dataSource.setTestOnReturn(testOnReturn);
dataSource.setPoolPreparedStatements(poolPreparedStatements);
dataSource.setMaxPoolPreparedStatementPerConnectionSize(maxPoolPreparedStatementPerConnectionSize);
return dataSource;
}
/**
* 构造多数据源连接池
* Master 数据源连接池采用 HikariDataSource
* Slave 数据源连接池采用 DruidDataSource
* @param master
* @param slave
* @return
*/
@Bean
@Primary
public DynamicDataSource dataSource(@Qualifier("masterDataSource") DataSource master,
@Qualifier("slaveDataSource") DataSource slave) {
Map<Object, Object> targetDataSources = new HashMap<>();
targetDataSources.put(DatabaseType.master, master);
targetDataSources.put(DatabaseType.slave, slave);
DynamicDataSource dataSource = new DynamicDataSource();
dataSource.setTargetDataSources(targetDataSources);// 该方法是AbstractRoutingDataSource的方法
dataSource.setDefaultTargetDataSource(slave);// 默认的datasource设置为myTestDbDataSource
String read = env.getProperty("spring.datasource.read");
dataSource.setMethodType(DatabaseType.slave, read);
String write = env.getProperty("spring.datasource.write");
dataSource.setMethodType(DatabaseType.master, write);
return dataSource;
}
@Bean
public SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory(@Qualifier("masterDataSource") DataSource myTestDbDataSource,
@Qualifier("slaveDataSource") DataSource myTestDb2DataSource) throws Exception {
SqlSessionFactoryBean fb = new SqlSessionFactoryBean();
fb.setDataSource(this.dataSource(myTestDbDataSource, myTestDb2DataSource));
fb.setTypeAliasesPackage(env.getProperty("mybatis.type-aliases-package"));
fb.setMapperLocations(new PathMatchingResourcePatternResolver().getResources(env.getProperty("mybatis.mapper-locations")));
return fb.getObject();
}
@Bean
public DataSourceTransactionManager transactionManager(DynamicDataSource dataSource) throws Exception {
return new DataSourceTransactionManager(dataSource);
}
}
以上的代码中:
- (1) 注入类
Environment
可以很方便的获取配置文件中的参数 - (2)
DataSourceProperties
和(4)中的@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.datasource.master")
配合使用,将配置文件中的配置数据自动封装到实体类DataSourceProperties
中 - (3)
@Value
注解同样是指定获取配置文件中的配置;
更详细的配置大家可以参考官方文档。
配置AOP
本章的开头已经说过,多数据源动态切换的原理是利用AOP切面进行动态的切换的,当调用dao
接口方法时,根据接口方法的方法名开头进行区分读写。
/**
*
* 动态处理数据源,根据命名区分
* Created by Donghua.Chen on 2018/5/29.
*/
@Aspect
@Component
@EnableAspectJAutoProxy(proxyTargetClass = true)
public class DataSourceAspect {
private static Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(DataSourceAspect.class);
@Pointcut("execution(* com.winterchen.dao.*.*(..))")//切点
public void aspect() {
}
@Before("aspect()")
public void before(JoinPoint point) { //在指定切点的方法之前执行
String className = point.getTarget().getClass().getName();
String method = point.getSignature().getName();
String args = StringUtils.join(point.getArgs(), ",");
logger.info("className:{}, method:{}, args:{} ", className, method, args);
try {
for (DatabaseType type : DatabaseType.values()) {
List<String> values = DynamicDataSource.METHOD_TYPE_MAP.get(type);
for (String key : values) {
if (method.startsWith(key)) {
logger.info(">>{} 方法使用的数据源为:{}<<", method, key);
DatabaseContextHolder.setDatabaseType(type);
DatabaseType types = DatabaseContextHolder.getDatabaseType();
logger.info(">>{}方法使用的数据源为:{}<<", method, types);
}
}
}
} catch (Exception e) {
logger.error(e.getMessage(), e);
}
}
}
如上可以看到,切点切在dao
的接口方法中,根据接口方法的方法名进行匹配数据源,然后将数据源set到用于存放数据源线程安全的容器中;
完整的项目结构了解一下:
项目启动
启动成功:
2018-05-30 17:27:16.492 INFO 35406 --- [ main] o.s.j.e.a.AnnotationMBeanExporter : Located MBean 'masterDataSource': registering with JMX server as MBean [com.zaxxer.hikari:name=masterDataSource,type=HikariDataSource]
2018-05-30 17:27:16.496 INFO 35406 --- [ main] o.s.j.e.a.AnnotationMBeanExporter : Located MBean 'slaveDataSource': registering with JMX server as MBean [com.alibaba.druid.pool:name=slaveDataSource,type=DruidDataSource]
2018-05-30 17:27:16.498 INFO 35406 --- [ main] o.s.j.e.a.AnnotationMBeanExporter : Located MBean 'statFilter': registering with JMX server as MBean [com.alibaba.druid.filter.stat:name=statFilter,type=StatFilter]
2018-05-30 17:27:16.590 INFO 35406 --- [ main] o.s.b.w.embedded.tomcat.TomcatWebServer : Tomcat started on port(s): 8080 (http) with context path ''
2018-05-30 17:27:16.598 INFO 35406 --- [ main] pringBootMybatisMutilDatabaseApplication : Started SpringBootMybatisMutilDatabaseApplication in 11.523 seconds (JVM running for 13.406)
添加用户(write):
日志:
2018-05-30 17:29:07.347 INFO 35406 --- [nio-8080-exec-1] com.winterchen.config.DataSourceAspect : className:com.sun.proxy.$Proxy73, method:insert, args:com.winterchen.model.UserDomain@4b5b52dc
2018-05-30 17:29:07.350 INFO 35406 --- [nio-8080-exec-1] com.winterchen.config.DataSourceAspect : >>insert 方法使用的数据源为:insert<<
2018-05-30 17:29:07.351 INFO 35406 --- [nio-8080-exec-1] com.winterchen.config.DataSourceAspect : >>insert方法使用的数据源为:DatabaseType{name='write'}<<
2018-05-30 17:29:07.461 INFO 35406 --- [nio-8080-exec-1] com.winterchen.config.DynamicDataSource : ====================dataSource ==========DatabaseType{name='write'}
2018-05-30 17:29:07.462 INFO 35406 --- [nio-8080-exec-1] com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource : HikariPool-1 - Starting...
2018-05-30 17:29:07.952 INFO 35406 --- [nio-8080-exec-1] com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource : HikariPool-1 - Start completed.
可以看出使用的就是write
数据源,并且该数据源是使用HikariPool
作为数据库连接池的
查询用户(read):
日志:
2018-05-30 17:29:41.616 INFO 35406 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] com.winterchen.config.DataSourceAspect : className:com.sun.proxy.$Proxy73, method:selectUsers, args:
2018-05-30 17:29:41.618 INFO 35406 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] com.winterchen.config.DataSourceAspect : >>selectUsers 方法使用的数据源为:select<<
2018-05-30 17:29:41.618 INFO 35406 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] com.winterchen.config.DataSourceAspect : >>selectUsers方法使用的数据源为:DatabaseType{name='read'}<<
2018-05-30 17:29:41.693 INFO 35406 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] com.winterchen.config.DynamicDataSource : ====================dataSource ==========DatabaseType{name='read'}
2018-05-30 17:29:41.982 INFO 35406 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource : {dataSource-1} inited
可以看出使用的是read
数据源。
源码地址:戳这里