Python宽度s python 宽度

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mob6454cc6658d1 2023-12-26 14:57:12

文章标签 Python宽度s 表格 table word sed 文章分类 Python 后端开发

表格样式可以分为两种：一要表格的自身的样式，比如边框，对齐方式、背景等，别一种是表格中文字的样式。本文的内容包括：

表格样式

表格的对齐方式：居中、居左、居右
表格的亮度和高度
表格边框

表格内容的样式

字体、字号
文字的对齐方式
文字颜色

一次性引入下面会用到的库：

from docx.enum.style import WD_STYLE_TYPE
from docx import Document
from docx.shared import Cm,Pt,RGBColor
from docx.enum.table import WD_TABLE_ALIGNMENT
from docx.enum.table import WD_ALIGN_VERTICAL
from docx.enum.text import WD_ALIGN_PARAGRAPH

1.表格样式

1.1 利用docx已经定义好的样式

docx定义了大量的样式库，可以直接使用，一般都能满足需求，使用方法如下：

方法1： 创建表格时设置

d=Document()
 d.add_table(2,3,style='style_name')

方法2： 表格创建完成后再设置

table.style='style_name'

关于style_name请看python-docx表格样式列表也可以用以下代码输出所有style的名称：

d=Document()
styles=d.styles
for s in styles:
    if s.type==WD_STYLE_TYPE.TABLE:
        print(s.name)

d.save('style.docx')

1.2 自定义表格样式

1.2.1 表格宽度

(1)table.autofit=True可以使表格自动适应窗口大小。

(2)table.cell(row,col).width=Cm(4)

可以设置每个单元格的宽，同列单元格宽度相同，如果定义了不同的宽度将以最大值准。
宽度的单位也可以是Pt或Inches

(3)table.columns[0].width=Cm(2)

API中有这样的方法，但是实验发现不能生效，感兴趣的可以研究。

1.2.2表格高度

(1)table.rows[0].height=Cm(12)

宽度不能用的方法高度却可以用，单位同样可以是Pt或Inches

(2)table.cell(row,col).height=Cm(4)

API有定义，但是不生效，刚好和宽度相反。

(3)这里还看到另一种方式，不过我并没有看懂，感兴趣的可以研究。

1.2.3 表格对齐方式

table.alignment=WD_TABLE_ALIGNMENT.CENTER|WD_TABLE_ALIGNMENT.LEFT|WD_TABLE_ALIGNMENT.RIGHT

1.2.4表格边框的宽度和颜色

目录还没有找到可行方法

2.表格内容样式

2.1文字的对齐方式

（1）水平对齐方式
table.cell(r,c).paragraphs[0].paragraph_format.alignment=WD_ALIGN_PARAGRAPH.CENTER

WD_ALIGN_PARAGRAPH.LEFT|WD_ALIGN_PARAGRAPH.RIGHT

(2)垂直对齐方式
table.cell(r,c).vertical_alignment = WD_ALIGN_VERTICAL.CENTER

WD_ALIGN_VERTICAL.TOP|WD_ALIGN_VERTICAL.BOTTOM
这里我就想吐槽一下，垂直方向的居中应该middle

（2）字体、字号和颜色
方法1：

run=tb.cell(r,c).paragraphs[0].add_run(text)
run.font.name='宋体'
run.font.size=Pt(18)
run.font.color.rgb=RGBColor(233,123,12)

这种方法适用于给单元格赋值的同时修改字体样式
实验发现，字体的设置只对英文及数据生效，对汉字不生效

方法2：

table.style.font.size=Pt(18)
table.style.font.name='黑体'
table.style.font.color.rgb=RGBColor(231,212,123)

这种方法可以修改整个表格的字体属性
字体的设置同样对汉字不生效

2.3 字体的其它属性

字体的常用属性docx都有定义，如果有需要再去研究。以下是table.style.font的帮助文档：
Help on Font in module docx.text.font object:

class Font(docx.shared.ElementProxy)
 | Proxy object wrapping the parent of a <w:rPr> element and providing
 | access to character properties such as font name, font size, bold, and
 | subscript.
 |
 | Method resolution order:
 | Font
 | docx.shared.ElementProxy
 | builtins.object
 |
 | Data descriptors defined here:
 |
 | all_caps
 | Read/write. Causes text in this font to appear in capital letters.
 |
 | bold
 | Read/write. Causes text in this font to appear in bold.
 |
 | color
 | A |ColorFormat| object providing a way to get and set the text color
 | for this font.
 |
 | complex_script
 | Read/write tri-state value. When |True|, causes the characters in the
 | run to be treated as complex script regardless of their Unicode
 | values.
 |
 | cs_bold
 | Read/write tri-state value. When |True|, causes the complex script
 | characters in the run to be displayed in bold typeface.
 |
 | cs_italic
 | Read/write tri-state value. When |True|, causes the complex script
 | characters in the run to be displayed in italic typeface.
 |
 | double_strike
 | Read/write tri-state value. When |True|, causes the text in the run
 | to appear with double strikethrough.
 |
 | emboss
 | Read/write tri-state value. When |True|, causes the text in the run
 | to appear as if raised off the page in relief.
 |
 | hidden
 | Read/write tri-state value. When |True|, causes the text in the run
 | to be hidden from display, unless applications settings force hidden
 | text to be shown.
 |
 | highlight_color
 | A member of :ref:WdColorIndex indicating the color of highlighting
 | applied, or None if no highlighting is applied.
 |
 | imprint
 | Read/write tri-state value. When |True|, causes the text in the run
 | to appear as if pressed into the page.
 |
 | italic
 | Read/write tri-state value. When |True|, causes the text of the run
 | to appear in italics. |None| indicates the effective value is
 | inherited from the style hierarchy.
 |
 | math
 | Read/write tri-state value. When |True|, specifies this run contains
 | WML that should be handled as though it was Office Open XML Math.
 |
 | name
 | Get or set the typeface name for this |Font| instance, causing the
 | text it controls to appear in the named font, if a matching font is
 | found. |None| indicates the typeface is inherited from the style
 | hierarchy.
 |
 | no_proof
 | Read/write tri-state value. When |True|, specifies that the contents
 | of this run should not report any errors when the document is scanned
 | for spelling and grammar.
 |
 | outline
 | Read/write tri-state value. When |True| causes the characters in the
 | run to appear as if they have an outline, by drawing a one pixel wide
 | border around the inside and outside borders of each character glyph.
 |
 | rtl
 | Read/write tri-state value. When |True| causes the text in the run
 | to have right-to-left characteristics.
 |
 | shadow
 | Read/write tri-state value. When |True| causes the text in the run
 | to appear as if each character has a shadow.
 |
 | size
 | Read/write |Length| value or |None|, indicating the font height in
 | English Metric Units (EMU). |None| indicates the font size should be
 | inherited from the style hierarchy. |Length| is a subclass of |int|
 | having properties for convenient conversion into points or other
 | length units. The :class:docx.shared.Pt class allows convenient
 | specification of point values::
 |
 | >> font.size = Pt(24)
 | >> font.size
 | 304800
 | >> font.size.pt | 24.0
 |
 | small_caps
 | Read/write tri-state value. When |True| causes the lowercase
 | characters in the run to appear as capital letters two points smaller
 | than the font size specified for the run.
 |
 | snap_to_grid
 | Read/write tri-state value. When |True| causes the run to use the
 | document grid characters per line settings defined in the docGrid
 | element when laying out the characters in this run.
 |
 | spec_vanish
 | Read/write tri-state value. When |True|, specifies that the given run
 | shall always behave as if it is hidden, even when hidden text is
 | being displayed in the current document. The property has a very
 | narrow, specialized use related to the table of contents. Consult the
 | spec (§17.3.2.36) for more details.
 |
 | strike
 | Read/write tri-state value. When |True| causes the text in the run
 | to appear with a single horizontal line through the center of the
 | line.
 |
 | subscript
 | Boolean indicating whether the characters in this |Font| appear as
 | subscript. |None| indicates the subscript/subscript value is
 | inherited from the style hierarchy.
 |
 | superscript
 | Boolean indicating whether the characters in this |Font| appear as
 | superscript. |None| indicates the subscript/superscript value is
 | inherited from the style hierarchy.
 |
 | underline
 | The underline style for this |Font|, one of |None|, |True|, |False|,
 | or a value from :ref:WdUnderline. |None| indicates the font
 | inherits its underline value from the style hierarchy. |False|
 | indicates no underline. |True| indicates single underline. The values
 | from :ref:WdUnderline are used to specify other outline styles such
 | as double, wavy, and dotted.
 |
 | web_hidden
 | Read/write tri-state value. When |True|, specifies that the contents
 | of this run shall be hidden when the document is displayed in web
 | page view.

后记：关于python-docx表格样式的控制就写这么多了，如果有其它需求大家可以在留言区提问，或着查阅相关资料。水平有限，还有诸多问题没有解决，欢迎交流。

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