python urllib3 response 读取 python urllib3 post

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数据大侠客 2024-01-19 16:18:27

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什么是Urllib?

Python内置的HTTP请求库
urllib.request          请求模块
urllib.error              异常处理模块
urllib.parse             url解析模块
urllib.robotparser    robots.txt解析模块

相比Python的变化

Python2中的urllib2在Python3中被统一移动到了urllib.request中

python2

import urllib2
response = urllib2.urlopen('')

Python3

import urllib.request
response = urllib.request.urlopen('/')

urlopen()

不加data是以GET方式发送，加data是以POST发送

import urllib.request

response = urllib.request.urlopen('')
html = response.read().decode('utf-8')
print(html)

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            <div class="posthead">
                <h2 style="padding-top: 4px; padding-bottom: 4px;">
                    <a id="homepage1_HomePageDays_ctl00_DayList_TitleUrl_0" href="/p/8788518.html">[置顶]Python开发工程师技术手记</a></h2>
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                <div class="cnblogs-post-body" id="postlist_postbody_8788518">正文内容加载中...</div><script type="text/javascript">getBlogPostBody(8788518);</script></div>

            <p class="postfoot">
                posted @ 2018-04-11 01:56 0bug 阅读(10) 评论(0)  <a href ="EditPosts.aspx?postid=8788518" rel="nofollow">编辑</a>
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        <a id="homepage1_HomePageDays_DaysList_ctl00_ImageLink" Title="Day Archive" href="//www.cnblogs.com/0bug/archive/2018/04/20.html" style="display:inline-block;">2018年4月20日</a>
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                    <a id="homepage1_HomePageDays_DaysList_ctl00_DayList_TitleUrl_0" href="/p/8893038.html">HTTP协议请求头信息和响应头信息</a></h2>
            </div>
            <div class="postbody">
                <div class="c_b_p_desc">摘要: http的请求部分 基本结构 常用请头信息 Accept:text/html,image/*(告诉服务器，浏览器可以接受文本，网页图片) Accept-Charaset:ISO-8859-1 [接受字符编码：iso-8859-1] Accept-Encoding:gzip,compress[可以接受<a href="/p/8893038.html" class="c_b_p_desc_readmore">阅读全文</a></div></div>

            <p class="postfoot">
                posted @ 2018-04-20 19:12 0bug 阅读(2) 评论(0)  <a href ="EditPosts.aspx?postid=8893038" rel="nofollow">编辑</a>
            </p>
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        <div class="post">
            <div class="posthead">
                <h2 style="padding-top: 4px; padding-bottom: 4px;">
                    <a id="homepage1_HomePageDays_DaysList_ctl00_DayList_TitleUrl_1" href="/p/8892959.html">HTTP协议中GET和POST方法的区别</a></h2>
            </div>
            <div class="postbody">
                <div class="c_b_p_desc">摘要: 最直观的区别就是GET把参数包含在URL中，POST通过request body传递参数。 GET在浏览器回退时是无害的，而POST会再次提交请求。 GET产生的URL地址可以被Bookmark，而POST不可以。 GET请求会被浏览器主动cache，而POST不会，除非手动设置。 GET请求只能进<a href="/p/8892959.html" class="c_b_p_desc_readmore">阅读全文</a></div></div>

            <p class="postfoot">
                posted @ 2018-04-20 18:59 0bug 阅读(2) 评论(0)  <a href ="EditPosts.aspx?postid=8892959" rel="nofollow">编辑</a>
            </p>
        </div>
    
        <div class="post">
            <div class="posthead">
                <h2 style="padding-top: 4px; padding-bottom: 4px;">
                    <a id="homepage1_HomePageDays_DaysList_ctl00_DayList_TitleUrl_2" href="/p/8892711.html">Redis环境安装</a></h2>
            </div>
            <div class="postbody">
                <div class="c_b_p_desc">摘要: Windows下： 到https://github.com/MicrosoftArchive/redis/releases下载： 下载完成后一步一步安装就行。 然后在安装一个可视化工具：https://github.com/uglide/RedisDesktopManager Linux下安装以Ub<a href="/p/8892711.html" class="c_b_p_desc_readmore">阅读全文</a></div></div>

            <p class="postfoot">
                posted @ 2018-04-20 18:17 0bug 阅读(2) 评论(0)  <a href ="EditPosts.aspx?postid=8892711" rel="nofollow">编辑</a>
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        <div class="post">
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                <h2 style="padding-top: 4px; padding-bottom: 4px;">
                    <a id="homepage1_HomePageDays_DaysList_ctl00_DayList_TitleUrl_3" href="/p/8892714.html">自己动手，丰衣足食！Python3网络爬虫实战案例</a></h2>
            </div>
            <div class="postbody">
                <div class="c_b_p_desc">摘要: 本教程是崔大大的爬虫实战教程的笔记：网易云课堂 Python3+Pip环境配置 Windows下安装Python: /p/8228378.html Linux以Ubuntu为例，一般是自带的，只需配置一下默认版本：http://www.cnblo<a href="/p/8892714.html" class="c_b_p_desc_readmore">阅读全文</a></div></div>

            <p class="postfoot">
                posted @ 2018-04-20 18:17 0bug 阅读(2) 评论(0)  <a href ="EditPosts.aspx?postid=8892714" rel="nofollow">编辑</a>
            </p>
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<p class="date">
    <span>
        <a id="homepage1_HomePageDays_DaysList_ctl01_ImageLink" Title="Day Archive" href="//www.cnblogs.com/0bug/archive/2018/04/19.html" style="display:inline-block;">2018年4月19日</a>
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</p>


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                <h2 style="padding-top: 4px; padding-bottom: 4px;">
                    <a id="homepage1_HomePageDays_DaysList_ctl01_DayList_TitleUrl_0" href="/p/8886663.html">Python Flask 构建微电影视频网站</a></h2>
            </div>
            <div class="postbody">
                <div class="c_b_p_desc">摘要: 前言 学完本教程，你将掌握： 1.学会使用整形、浮点型、路径型、字符串型正则表达式路由转化器 2.学会使用post与get请求、上传文件、cookie获取与相应、404处理 3.学会适应模板自动转义、定义过滤器、定义全局上下文处理器、JinJa2语法、包含、继承、定义宏 4.学会使用flask-wt<a href="/p/8886663.html" class="c_b_p_desc_readmore">阅读全文</a></div></div>

            <p class="postfoot">
                posted @ 2018-04-19 22:31 0bug 阅读(5) 评论(0)  <a href ="EditPosts.aspx?postid=8886663" rel="nofollow">编辑</a>
            </p>
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<p class="date">
    <span>
        <a id="homepage1_HomePageDays_DaysList_ctl02_ImageLink" Title="Day Archive" href="//www.cnblogs.com/0bug/archive/2018/04/18.html" style="display:inline-block;">2018年4月18日</a>
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                <h2 style="padding-top: 4px; padding-bottom: 4px;">
                    <a id="homepage1_HomePageDays_DaysList_ctl02_DayList_TitleUrl_0" href="/p/8877479.html">基于Token的身份验证——JWT</a></h2>
            </div>
            <div class="postbody">
                <div class="c_b_p_desc">摘要: 初次了解JWT，很基础，高手勿喷。 基于Token的身份验证用来替代传统的cookie+session身份验证方法中的session。 JWT是啥？ JWT就是一个字符串，经过加密处理与校验处理的字符串，形式为： A.B.C A由JWT头部信息header加密得到 B由JWT用到的身份验证信息jso<a href="/p/8877479.html" class="c_b_p_desc_readmore">阅读全文</a></div></div>

            <p class="postfoot">
                posted @ 2018-04-18 20:53 0bug 阅读(10) 评论(0)  <a href ="EditPosts.aspx?postid=8877479" rel="nofollow">编辑</a>
            </p>
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        <div class="post">
            <div class="posthead">
                <h2 style="padding-top: 4px; padding-bottom: 4px;">
                    <a id="homepage1_HomePageDays_DaysList_ctl02_DayList_TitleUrl_1" href="/p/8874818.html">同步(Synchronous)和异步(Asynchronous)</a></h2>
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            <div class="postbody">
                <div class="c_b_p_desc">摘要: 同步、异步的概念 同步和异步通常用来形容一次方法调用。 同步方法调用一旦开始，调用者必须等到方法调用返回后，才能继续后续的行为。 异步方法调用更像一个消息传递，一旦开始，方法调用就会立即返回，调用者就可以继续后续的操作。而，异步方法通常会在另外一个线程中，“真实”地执行着。整个过程，不会阻碍调用者的<a href="/p/8874818.html" class="c_b_p_desc_readmore">阅读全文</a></div></div>

            <p class="postfoot">
                posted @ 2018-04-18 14:52 0bug 阅读(2) 评论(0)  <a href ="EditPosts.aspx?postid=8874818" rel="nofollow">编辑</a>
            </p>
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        <div class="post">
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                    <a id="homepage1_HomePageDays_DaysList_ctl02_DayList_TitleUrl_2" href="/p/8872802.html">Window 通过cmd查看端口占用、相应进程、杀死进程等的命令</a></h2>
            </div>
            <div class="postbody">
                <div class="c_b_p_desc">摘要: 一、 查看所有进程占用的端口 在开始-运行-cmd,输入：netstat –ano可以查看所有进程 二、查看占用指定端口的程序 当你在用tomcat发布程序时，经常会遇到端口被占用的情况，我们想知道是哪个程序或进程占用了端口，可以用该命令 netstat –ano|findstr “指定端口号” 二<a href="/p/8872802.html" class="c_b_p_desc_readmore">阅读全文</a></div></div>

            <p class="postfoot">
                posted @ 2018-04-18 10:58 0bug 阅读(4) 评论(0)  <a href ="EditPosts.aspx?postid=8872802" rel="nofollow">编辑</a>
            </p>
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<p class="date">
    <span>
        <a id="homepage1_HomePageDays_DaysList_ctl03_ImageLink" Title="Day Archive" href="//www.cnblogs.com/0bug/archive/2018/04/16.html" style="display:inline-block;">2018年4月16日</a>
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</p>


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                    <a id="homepage1_HomePageDays_DaysList_ctl03_DayList_TitleUrl_0" href="/p/8855883.html">优秀博客收录</a></h2>
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                <div class="c_b_p_desc">摘要: 最新Django2.0.1在线教育零基础到上线教程 ：https://www.jianshu.com/nb/21010157 vue+django2.0.2-rest-framework生鲜超市 ：https://www.jianshu.com/nb/22309475<a href="/p/8855883.html" class="c_b_p_desc_readmore">阅读全文</a></div></div>

            <p class="postfoot">
                posted @ 2018-04-16 14:53 0bug 阅读(4) 评论(0)  <a href ="EditPosts.aspx?postid=8855883" rel="nofollow">编辑</a>
            </p>
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                <h2 style="padding-top: 4px; padding-bottom: 4px;">
                    <a id="homepage1_HomePageDays_DaysList_ctl03_DayList_TitleUrl_1" href="/p/8853596.html">查找Python项目依赖的库并生成requirements.txt</a></h2>
            </div>
            <div class="postbody">
                <div class="c_b_p_desc">摘要: 使用pip freeze 这种方式配合virtualenv 才好使，否则把整个环境中的包都列出来了。 使用 pipreqs 这个工具的好处是可以通过对项目目录的扫描，自动发现使用了那些类库，自动生成依赖清单。<a href="/p/8853596.html" class="c_b_p_desc_readmore">阅读全文</a></div></div>

            <p class="postfoot">
                posted @ 2018-04-16 08:24 0bug 阅读(6) 评论(0)  <a href ="EditPosts.aspx?postid=8853596" rel="nofollow">编辑</a>
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结果

加data发送POST请求

import urllib.parse
import urllib.request

data = bytes(urllib.parse.urlencode({'hello': '0bug'}), encoding='utf-8')
response = urllib.request.urlopen('http://httpbin.org/post', data=data)
print(response.read())

1 b'{\n  "args": {}, \n  "data": "", \n  "files": {}, \n  "form": {\n    "hello": "0bug"\n  }, \n  "headers": {\n    "Accept-Encoding": "identity", \n    "Connection": "close", \n    "Content-Length": "10", \n    "Content-Type": "application/x-www-form-urlencoded", \n    "Host": "httpbin.org", \n    "User-Agent": "Python-urllib/3.6"\n  }, \n  "json": null, \n  "origin": "223.72.80.199", \n  "url": "http://httpbin.org/post"\n}\n'

结果

timeout超时间

import urllib.request

response = urllib.request.urlopen('', timeout=0.01)
print(response.read())

urllib.error.URLError: <urlopen error timed out>

结果

import urllib.request
import socket
import urllib.error
try:
    response = urllib.request.urlopen('', timeout=0.01)
except urllib.error.URLError as  e:
    if isinstance(e.reason,socket.timeout):
        print('请求超时')

请求超时

结果

响应

1.响应类型

import urllib.request

response = urllib.request.urlopen('')
print(type(response))

<class 'http.client.HTTPResponse'>

结果

2.状态码、响应头

import urllib.request

response = urllib.request.urlopen('')
print(response.status)
print(response.getheaders())
print(response.getheader('Content-Type'))

200
[('Date', 'Fri, 20 Apr 2018 13:24:01 GMT'), ('Content-Type', 'text/html; charset=utf-8'), ('Content-Length', '19306'), ('Connection', 'close'), ('Vary', 'Accept-Encoding'), ('Cache-Control', 'private, max-age=10'), ('Expires', 'Fri, 20 Apr 2018 13:24:11 GMT'), ('Last-Modified', 'Fri, 20 Apr 2018 13:24:01 GMT'), ('X-UA-Compatible', 'IE=10'), ('X-Frame-Options', 'SAMEORIGIN')]
text/html; charset=utf-8

结果

3.响应体

响应体是字节流，需要decode('utf-8')

import urllib.request

response = urllib.request.urlopen('')
html = response.read().decode('utf-8')
print(html)

Request

import urllib.request

request = urllib.request.Request('')
response = urllib.request.urlopen(request)
print(response.read().decode('utf-8'))

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                    <a id="homepage1_HomePageDays_ctl00_DayList_TitleUrl_0" href="/p/8788518.html">[置顶]Python开发工程师技术手记</a></h2>
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                <div class="cnblogs-post-body" id="postlist_postbody_8788518">正文内容加载中...</div><script type="text/javascript">getBlogPostBody(8788518);</script></div>

            <p class="postfoot">
                posted @ 2018-04-11 01:56 0bug 阅读(10) 评论(0)  <a href ="EditPosts.aspx?postid=8788518" rel="nofollow">编辑</a>
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        <a id="homepage1_HomePageDays_DaysList_ctl00_ImageLink" Title="Day Archive" href="//www.cnblogs.com/0bug/archive/2018/04/20.html" style="display:inline-block;">2018年4月20日</a>
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                <h2 style="padding-top: 4px; padding-bottom: 4px;">
                    <a id="homepage1_HomePageDays_DaysList_ctl00_DayList_TitleUrl_0" href="/p/8893677.html">Urllib库基本使用</a></h2>
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            <div class="postbody">
                <div class="c_b_p_desc">摘要: 什么是Urllib? Python内置的HTTP请求库 urllib.request 请求模块 urllib.error 异常处理模块 urllib.parse url解析模块 urllib.robotparser robots.txt解析模块 相比Python的变化 Python2中的urllib<a href="/p/8893677.html" class="c_b_p_desc_readmore">阅读全文</a></div></div>

            <p class="postfoot">
                posted @ 2018-04-20 21:17 0bug 阅读(2) 评论(0)  <a href ="EditPosts.aspx?postid=8893677" rel="nofollow">编辑</a>
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                <h2 style="padding-top: 4px; padding-bottom: 4px;">
                    <a id="homepage1_HomePageDays_DaysList_ctl00_DayList_TitleUrl_1" href="/p/8893038.html">HTTP协议请求头信息和响应头信息</a></h2>
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            <div class="postbody">
                <div class="c_b_p_desc">摘要: http的请求部分 基本结构 常用请头信息 Accept:text/html,image/*(告诉服务器，浏览器可以接受文本，网页图片) Accept-Charaset:ISO-8859-1 [接受字符编码：iso-8859-1] Accept-Encoding:gzip,compress[可以接受<a href="/p/8893038.html" class="c_b_p_desc_readmore">阅读全文</a></div></div>

            <p class="postfoot">
                posted @ 2018-04-20 19:12 0bug 阅读(2) 评论(0)  <a href ="EditPosts.aspx?postid=8893038" rel="nofollow">编辑</a>
            </p>
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        <div class="post">
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                <h2 style="padding-top: 4px; padding-bottom: 4px;">
                    <a id="homepage1_HomePageDays_DaysList_ctl00_DayList_TitleUrl_2" href="/p/8892959.html">HTTP协议中GET和POST方法的区别</a></h2>
            </div>
            <div class="postbody">
                <div class="c_b_p_desc">摘要: 最直观的区别就是GET把参数包含在URL中，POST通过request body传递参数。 GET在浏览器回退时是无害的，而POST会再次提交请求。 GET产生的URL地址可以被Bookmark，而POST不可以。 GET请求会被浏览器主动cache，而POST不会，除非手动设置。 GET请求只能进<a href="/p/8892959.html" class="c_b_p_desc_readmore">阅读全文</a></div></div>

            <p class="postfoot">
                posted @ 2018-04-20 18:59 0bug 阅读(2) 评论(0)  <a href ="EditPosts.aspx?postid=8892959" rel="nofollow">编辑</a>
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        <div class="post">
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                <h2 style="padding-top: 4px; padding-bottom: 4px;">
                    <a id="homepage1_HomePageDays_DaysList_ctl00_DayList_TitleUrl_3" href="/p/8892711.html">Redis环境安装</a></h2>
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            <div class="postbody">
                <div class="c_b_p_desc">摘要: Windows下： 到https://github.com/MicrosoftArchive/redis/releases下载： 下载完成后一步一步安装就行。 然后在安装一个可视化工具：https://github.com/uglide/RedisDesktopManager Linux下安装以Ub<a href="/p/8892711.html" class="c_b_p_desc_readmore">阅读全文</a></div></div>

            <p class="postfoot">
                posted @ 2018-04-20 18:17 0bug 阅读(2) 评论(0)  <a href ="EditPosts.aspx?postid=8892711" rel="nofollow">编辑</a>
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                    <a id="homepage1_HomePageDays_DaysList_ctl00_DayList_TitleUrl_4" href="/p/8892714.html">自己动手，丰衣足食！Python3网络爬虫实战案例</a></h2>
            </div>
            <div class="postbody">
                <div class="c_b_p_desc">摘要: 本教程是崔大大的爬虫实战教程的笔记：网易云课堂 Python3+Pip环境配置 Windows下安装Python: /p/8228378.html Linux以Ubuntu为例，一般是自带的，只需配置一下默认版本：http://www.cnblo<a href="/p/8892714.html" class="c_b_p_desc_readmore">阅读全文</a></div></div>

            <p class="postfoot">
                posted @ 2018-04-20 18:17 0bug 阅读(2) 评论(0)  <a href ="EditPosts.aspx?postid=8892714" rel="nofollow">编辑</a>
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    <span>
        <a id="homepage1_HomePageDays_DaysList_ctl01_ImageLink" Title="Day Archive" href="//www.cnblogs.com/0bug/archive/2018/04/19.html" style="display:inline-block;">2018年4月19日</a>
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                <h2 style="padding-top: 4px; padding-bottom: 4px;">
                    <a id="homepage1_HomePageDays_DaysList_ctl01_DayList_TitleUrl_0" href="/p/8886663.html">Python Flask 构建微电影视频网站</a></h2>
            </div>
            <div class="postbody">
                <div class="c_b_p_desc">摘要: 前言 学完本教程，你将掌握： 1.学会使用整形、浮点型、路径型、字符串型正则表达式路由转化器 2.学会使用post与get请求、上传文件、cookie获取与相应、404处理 3.学会适应模板自动转义、定义过滤器、定义全局上下文处理器、JinJa2语法、包含、继承、定义宏 4.学会使用flask-wt<a href="/p/8886663.html" class="c_b_p_desc_readmore">阅读全文</a></div></div>

            <p class="postfoot">
                posted @ 2018-04-19 22:31 0bug 阅读(6) 评论(0)  <a href ="EditPosts.aspx?postid=8886663" rel="nofollow">编辑</a>
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        <a id="homepage1_HomePageDays_DaysList_ctl02_ImageLink" Title="Day Archive" href="//www.cnblogs.com/0bug/archive/2018/04/18.html" style="display:inline-block;">2018年4月18日</a>
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                <h2 style="padding-top: 4px; padding-bottom: 4px;">
                    <a id="homepage1_HomePageDays_DaysList_ctl02_DayList_TitleUrl_0" href="/p/8877479.html">基于Token的身份验证——JWT</a></h2>
            </div>
            <div class="postbody">
                <div class="c_b_p_desc">摘要: 初次了解JWT，很基础，高手勿喷。 基于Token的身份验证用来替代传统的cookie+session身份验证方法中的session。 JWT是啥？ JWT就是一个字符串，经过加密处理与校验处理的字符串，形式为： A.B.C A由JWT头部信息header加密得到 B由JWT用到的身份验证信息jso<a href="/p/8877479.html" class="c_b_p_desc_readmore">阅读全文</a></div></div>

            <p class="postfoot">
                posted @ 2018-04-18 20:53 0bug 阅读(10) 评论(0)  <a href ="EditPosts.aspx?postid=8877479" rel="nofollow">编辑</a>
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        <div class="post">
            <div class="posthead">
                <h2 style="padding-top: 4px; padding-bottom: 4px;">
                    <a id="homepage1_HomePageDays_DaysList_ctl02_DayList_TitleUrl_1" href="/p/8874818.html">同步(Synchronous)和异步(Asynchronous)</a></h2>
            </div>
            <div class="postbody">
                <div class="c_b_p_desc">摘要: 同步、异步的概念 同步和异步通常用来形容一次方法调用。 同步方法调用一旦开始，调用者必须等到方法调用返回后，才能继续后续的行为。 异步方法调用更像一个消息传递，一旦开始，方法调用就会立即返回，调用者就可以继续后续的操作。而，异步方法通常会在另外一个线程中，“真实”地执行着。整个过程，不会阻碍调用者的<a href="/p/8874818.html" class="c_b_p_desc_readmore">阅读全文</a></div></div>

            <p class="postfoot">
                posted @ 2018-04-18 14:52 0bug 阅读(2) 评论(0)  <a href ="EditPosts.aspx?postid=8874818" rel="nofollow">编辑</a>
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                <h2 style="padding-top: 4px; padding-bottom: 4px;">
                    <a id="homepage1_HomePageDays_DaysList_ctl02_DayList_TitleUrl_2" href="/p/8872802.html">Window 通过cmd查看端口占用、相应进程、杀死进程等的命令</a></h2>
            </div>
            <div class="postbody">
                <div class="c_b_p_desc">摘要: 一、 查看所有进程占用的端口 在开始-运行-cmd,输入：netstat –ano可以查看所有进程 二、查看占用指定端口的程序 当你在用tomcat发布程序时，经常会遇到端口被占用的情况，我们想知道是哪个程序或进程占用了端口，可以用该命令 netstat –ano|findstr “指定端口号” 二<a href="/p/8872802.html" class="c_b_p_desc_readmore">阅读全文</a></div></div>

            <p class="postfoot">
                posted @ 2018-04-18 10:58 0bug 阅读(4) 评论(0)  <a href ="EditPosts.aspx?postid=8872802" rel="nofollow">编辑</a>
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        <a id="homepage1_HomePageDays_DaysList_ctl03_ImageLink" Title="Day Archive" href="//www.cnblogs.com/0bug/archive/2018/04/16.html" style="display:inline-block;">2018年4月16日</a>
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                <h2 style="padding-top: 4px; padding-bottom: 4px;">
                    <a id="homepage1_HomePageDays_DaysList_ctl03_DayList_TitleUrl_0" href="/p/8855883.html">优秀博客收录</a></h2>
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            <div class="postbody">
                <div class="c_b_p_desc">摘要: 最新Django2.0.1在线教育零基础到上线教程 ：https://www.jianshu.com/nb/21010157 vue+django2.0.2-rest-framework生鲜超市 ：https://www.jianshu.com/nb/22309475<a href="/p/8855883.html" class="c_b_p_desc_readmore">阅读全文</a></div></div>

            <p class="postfoot">
                posted @ 2018-04-16 14:53 0bug 阅读(4) 评论(0)  <a href ="EditPosts.aspx?postid=8855883" rel="nofollow">编辑</a>
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结果

添加请求头信息

from urllib import request, parse

url = 'http://httpbin.org/post'
headers = {
    'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/65.0.3325.181 Safari/537.36',
    'Host': 'httpbin.org'
}
dic = {'name': '0bug'}
data = bytes(parse.urlencode(dic), encoding='utf-8')
req = request.Request(url=url, data=data, headers=headers, method='POST')
response = request.urlopen(req)
print(response.read().decode('utf-8'))

{
  "args": {}, 
  "data": "", 
  "files": {}, 
  "form": {
    "name": "0bug"
  }, 
  "headers": {
    "Accept-Encoding": "identity", 
    "Connection": "close", 
    "Content-Length": "9", 
    "Content-Type": "application/x-www-form-urlencoded", 
    "Host": "httpbin.org", 
    "User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/65.0.3325.181 Safari/537.36"
  }, 
  "json": null, 
  "origin": "223.72.80.199", 
  "url": "http://httpbin.org/post"
}

结果

add_header

from urllib import request, parse

url = 'http://httpbin.org/post'
dic = {'name': '0bug'}
data = bytes(parse.urlencode(dic), encoding='utf-8')
req = request.Request(url=url, data=data, method='POST')
req.add_header('User-Agent',
               'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/65.0.3325.181 Safari/537.36')
response = request.urlopen(req)
print(response.read().decode('utf-8'))

Handler

代理：

import urllib.request

proxy_handler = urllib.request.ProxyHandler({
    'http': 'http代理',
    'https': 'https代理'
})
opener = urllib.request.build_opener(proxy_handler)
response = opener.open('')
print(response.read())

Cookie

import http.cookiejar, urllib.request

cookie = http.cookiejar.CookieJar()
handler = urllib.request.HTTPCookieProcessor(cookie)
opener = urllib.request.build_opener(handler)
response = opener.open('http://www.baidu.com')
for item in cookie:
    print(item.name + "=" + item.value)

BAIDUID=9992D9F175AFE48958F04ED9F2DC3659:FG=1
BIDUPSID=9992D9F175AFE48958F04ED9F2DC3659
H_PS_PSSID=26255_1437_21100_20927
PSTM=1524234978
BDSVRTM=0
BD_HOME=0

结果

Cookie保存为文件

import http.cookiejar, urllib.request

filename = 'cookie.txt'
cookie = http.cookiejar.MozillaCookieJar(filename)
handler = urllib.request.HTTPCookieProcessor(cookie)
opener = urllib.request.build_opener(handler)
response = opener.open('http://www.baidu.com')
cookie.save(ignore_discard=True, ignore_expires=True)

# Netscape HTTP Cookie File
# http://curl.haxx.se/rfc/cookie_spec.html
# This is a generated file!  Do not edit.

.baidu.com    TRUE    /    FALSE    3671718969    BAIDUID    0020A8919F61B2CA58DEC1CA10FF140E:FG=1
.baidu.com    TRUE    /    FALSE    3671718969    BIDUPSID    0020A8919F61B2CA58DEC1CA10FF140E
.baidu.com    TRUE    /    FALSE        H_PS_PSSID    1442_21110_18560_22158
.baidu.com    TRUE    /    FALSE    3671718969    PSTM    1524235322
www.baidu.com    FALSE    /    FALSE        BDSVRTM    0
www.baidu.com    FALSE    /    FALSE        BD_HOME    0

cookie.txt

另一种方式存

import http.cookiejar, urllib.request

filename = 'cookie.txt'
cookie = http.cookiejar.LWPCookieJar(filename)
handler = urllib.request.HTTPCookieProcessor(cookie)
opener = urllib.request.build_opener(handler)
response = opener.open('http://www.baidu.com')
cookie.save(ignore_discard=True, ignore_expires=True)

#LWP-Cookies-2.0
Set-Cookie3: BAIDUID="654FB9A36A8F5B5C257111158153D963:FG=1"; path="/"; domain=".baidu.com"; path_spec; domain_dot; expires="2086-05-08 17:58:12Z"; version=0
Set-Cookie3: BIDUPSID=654FB9A36A8F5B5C257111158153D963; path="/"; domain=".baidu.com"; path_spec; domain_dot; expires="2086-05-08 17:58:12Z"; version=0
Set-Cookie3: H_PS_PSSID=1463_21111; path="/"; domain=".baidu.com"; path_spec; domain_dot; discard; version=0
Set-Cookie3: PSTM=1524235445; path="/"; domain=".baidu.com"; path_spec; domain_dot; expires="2086-05-08 17:58:12Z"; version=0
Set-Cookie3: BDSVRTM=0; path="/"; domain="www.baidu.com"; path_spec; discard; version=0
Set-Cookie3: BD_HOME=0; path="/"; domain="www.baidu.com"; path_spec; discard; version=0

cookie.txt

用什么格式的存就应该用什么格式的读

import http.cookiejar, urllib.request

cookie = http.cookiejar.LWPCookieJar()
cookie.load('cookie.txt', ignore_discard=True, ignore_expires=True)
handler = urllib.request.HTTPCookieProcessor(cookie)
opener = urllib.request.build_opener(handler)
response = opener.open('http://www.baidu.com')
print(response.read().decode('utf-8'))

异常处理

from urllib import request, error

try:
    response = request.urlopen('/xxxx')
except error.URLError as e:
    print(e.reason)

Not Found

结果

from urllib import request, error

try:
    response = request.urlopen('/xxxx')
except error.HTTPError as e:
    print(e.reason, e.code, e.headers, sep='\n')
except error.URLError as e:
    print(e.reason)
else:
    print('Request Successfully')

Not Found
404
Date: Fri, 20 Apr 2018 14:57:48 GMT
Content-Type: text/html
Content-Length: 759
Connection: close
Cache-Control: private
X-UA-Compatible: IE=10
X-Frame-Options: SAMEORIGIN

结果

import socket
import urllib.request
import urllib.error

try:
    response = urllib.request.urlopen('/xxxx', timeout=0.001)
except urllib.error.URLError as e:
    print(type(e.reason))
    if isinstance(e.reason, socket.timeout):
        print('请求超时')

<class 'socket.timeout'>
请求超时

结果

URL解析

from urllib.parse import urlparse

result = urlparse('www.baidu.com/index.html;user?id=5#comment')
print(type(result))
print(result)

<class 'urllib.parse.ParseResult'>
ParseResult(scheme='', netloc='', path='www.baidu.com/index.html', params='user', query='id=5', fragment='comment')

结果

from urllib.parse import urlparse

result = urlparse('www.baidu.com/index.html;user?id=5#comment', scheme='https')
print(result)

ParseResult(scheme='https', netloc='', path='www.baidu.com/index.html', params='user', query='id=5', fragment='comment')

结果

from urllib.parse import urlparse

result = urlparse('http://www.baidu.com/index.html;user?id=5#comment', scheme='https')
print(result)

ParseResult(scheme='http', netloc='www.baidu.com', path='/index.html', params='user', query='id=5', fragment='comment')

结果

from urllib.parse import urlparse

result = urlparse('http://www.badiu.com/index.html;user?id=5#comment', allow_fragments=False)
print(result)

ParseResult(scheme='http', netloc='www.badiu.com', path='/index.html', params='user', query='id=5#comment', fragment='')

结果

from urllib.parse import urlparse

result = urlparse('http://www.badiu.com/index.html#comment', allow_fragments=False)
print(result)

ParseResult(scheme='http', netloc='www.badiu.com', path='/index.html#comment', params='', query='', fragment='')

结果

urlunparse

from urllib.parse import urlunparse

data = ['http', 'www.baidu.com', 'index.html', 'user', 'id=6', 'comment']
print(urlunparse(data))

http://www.baidu.com/index.html;user?id=6#comment

结果

urljoin

from urllib.parse import urljoin

print(urljoin('http://www.baidu.com', 'ABC.html'))
print(urljoin('http://www.baidu.com', ''))
print(urljoin('http://www.baidu.com/0bug', ''))
print(urljoin('http://www.baidu.com/0bug', '?q=2'))
print(urljoin('http://www.baidu.com/0bug?q=2', ''))
print(urljoin('http://www.baidu.com', '?q=2#comment'))
print(urljoin('www.baidu.com', '?q=2#comment'))
print(urljoin('www.baidu.com#comment', '?q=2'))

http://www.baidu.com/ABC.html
https://www.cnblogs.com/0bug
https://www.cnblogs.com/0bug
https://www.cnblogs.com/0bug?q=2
https://www.cnblogs.com/0bug
http://www.baidu.com?q=2#comment
www.baidu.com?q=2#comment
www.baidu.com?q=2

结果

urlencode

from urllib.parse import urlencode

params = {
    'name': '0bug',
    'age': 25
}
base_url = 'http://www.badiu.com?'
url = base_url + urlencode(params)
print(url)

http://www.badiu.com?name=0bug&age=25

结果

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python urllib3 response 读取 python urllib3 post

python urllib3 response 读取 python urllib3 post

什么是Urllib?

相比Python的变化

python2

Python3

urlopen()

响应

1.响应类型

2.状态码、响应头

3.响应体

Request

Handler

代理：

Cookie

异常处理

URL解析

urlunparse

urljoin

urlencode

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