centos 7 查看网卡发送的包 centos7怎么看网卡名称

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mob6454cc6575fa 2024-08-07 20:14:33

文章标签 centos 7 查看网卡发送的包操作系统重命名配置文件 iosd 文章分类 架构后端开发

由于RHEL7中采用新的网卡名称命名方法，导致网卡名变得难以理解和记忆，本文介绍怎样将网卡名称修改为传统的eth0的命名方式，可以实现定义任意网卡为eth0.

网卡重命名过程介绍

要修改网卡名称，首先我们要了解linux网卡设备重命名的过程，根据红帽官方文档介绍，设备重命名的过程如下：

A rule in /usr/lib/udev/rules.d/60-net.rules instructs the udev helper utility,/lib/udev/rename_device,to look into all /etc/sysconfig/networkscripts/ifcfg-suffix files.If it finds an ifcfg file with a HWADDR entry matching the MAC address of an interface it renames the interface to the name given in the ifcfg file by the DEVICE directive.
A rule in /usr/lib/udev/rules.d/71-biosdevname. rules instructs biosdevname to rename the interface according to its naming policy, provided that it was not renamed in a previous step, biosdevname is installed, and biosdevname=0 was not given as a kernel command on the boot command line.
A rule in /lib/udev/rules.d/75-net-description.rules instructs udev to fill in the internal udev device property values ID_NET_NAME_ONBOARD, ID_NET_NAME_SLOT, ID_NET_NAME_PATH, ID_NET_NAME_MAC by examining the network interface device.Note,that some device properties might be undefined.
A rule in /usr/lib/udev/rules.d/80-net-name-slot.rules instructs udev to rename the interface, provided that it was not renamed in step 1 or 2, and the kernel parameter net.ifnames=0 was not given, according to the following priority: ID_NET_NAME_ONBOARD,ID_NET_NAME_SLOT,ID _NET_NAME_PATH. It falls through to the next in the list, if one is unset. If none of these are set, then the interface will not be renamed.

简单翻译如下：

/usr/lib/udev/rules.d/60-net.rules文件中的规则会让udev帮助工具/lib/udev/renamedevice查看所有/etc/sysconfig/networkscripts/ifcfg-suffix文件。如果发现包含HWADDR条目的ifcfg文件与某个接口的MAC地址匹配，它会将该接口重命名为ifcfg文件中由DEVICE指令给出的名称。
/usr/lib/udev/rules.d/71-biosdevname.rules中的规则让biosdevname根据其命名策略重命名该接口，该命名方法执行的前提是在上一步中没有重命名该接口，但是已安装biosdevname、且在boot命令行中将biosdevname=0作为内核命令给出。
/lib/udev/rules.d/75-net-description.rules中的规则让udev通过检查网络接口设备，填写内部udev设备属性值ID_NET_NAME_ONBOARD、ID_NET_NAME_SLOT、ID_NET_NAME_PATH。注：有些设备属性可能处于未定义状态。
/usr/lib/udev/rules.d/80-net-name-slot.rules中的规则让udev重命名该接口，优先顺序如下：ID_NET_NAME_ONBOARD、ID_NET_NAME_SLOT、ID_NET_NAME_PATH。也就是说，没有在步骤1或2中重命名该接口，同时未给出内核参数net.ifnames=0，则会按照该规则进行重命名。按照该规则重命名时，若一个参数未设定，则会按列表的顺序设定下一个。如果没有设定任何参数，则不会重命名该接口。

网卡重命名方法

根据以上介绍，这里可以按照步骤1中的介绍来进行网卡重命名：

ifconfig 命令查看各网卡MAC地址

[root@test01 ~]# ifconfig 
enp0s3: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        ether 08:00:27:43:c1:1d  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 233  bytes 43354 (42.3 KiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

enp0s8: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 192.168.56.102  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.56.255
        inet6 fe80::a00:27ff:fe56:9530  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
        ether 08:00:27:56:95:30  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 259  bytes 48117 (46.9 KiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 50  bytes 8735 (8.5 KiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

enp0s9: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 192.168.56.101  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.56.255
        inet6 fe80::a00:27ff:fea5:4fd  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
        ether 08:00:27:a5:04:fd  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 1213  bytes 131145 (128.0 KiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 771  bytes 86683 (84.6 KiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING>  mtu 65536
        inet 127.0.0.1  netmask 255.0.0.0
        inet6 ::1  prefixlen 128  scopeid 0x10<host>
        loop  txqueuelen 0  (Local Loopback)
        RX packets 1220  bytes 105112 (102.6 KiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 1220  bytes 105112 (102.6 KiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

由此可知，网卡MAC地址分别为：

enp0s3: 08:00:27:43:c1:1d
enp0s8: 08:00:27:56:95:30
enp0s9: 08:00:27:a5:04:fd

这里将要修改网卡名称的对应关系如下：

enp0s3: 08:00:27:43:c1:1d --eth0
enp0s8: 08:00:27:56:95:30 --eth1
enp0s9: 08:00:27:a5:04:fd --eth2
# 备注：可以自定义各网卡名称的对应关系，如将enp0s8修改为eth2，enp0s9修改为eth2.

重命名网卡配置文件

[root@test01 ~]# cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/
[root@test01 network-scripts]# ls ifcfg-*
ifcfg-enp0s3 ifcfg-lo      
[root@test01 network-scripts]# 
# 如果没有网卡配置文件，可以使用以下命令添加       
[root@test01 network-scripts]# nmcli connection add type ethernet ifname enp0s8 con-name enp0s8 autoconnect yes 
成功添加的连接 'enp0s8'（71306055-0869-4125-955a-4b7959cc9226）。
[root@test01 network-scripts]# nmcli connection add type ethernet ifname enp0s9 con-name enp0s9 autoconnect yes 
成功添加的连接 'enp0s9'（9d5a3033-b478-4076-95b0-83e62aa62cbe）。
[root@test01 network-scripts]# ls ifcfg-*
ifcfg-enp0s3  ifcfg-enp0s8  ifcfg-enp0s9  ifcfg-lo

[root@test01 network-scripts]# mv ifcfg-enp0s3 ifcfg-eth0
[root@test01 network-scripts]# mv ifcfg-enp0s8 ifcfg-eth1
[root@test01 network-scripts]# mv ifcfg-enp0s9 ifcfg-eth2
[root@test01 network-scripts]# 
[root@test01 network-scripts]# ls ifcfg-*
ifcfg-eth0  ifcfg-eth1  ifcfg-eth2  ifcfg-lo

修改网卡配置文件

修改好配置文件名称后，修改或向配置文件中添加HWADDR，DEVICE,NAME参数。

[root@test01 network-scripts]# cat ifcfg-eth0 
TYPE=Ethernet
BOOTPROTO=none
DEFROUTE=yes
IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=no
IPV6INIT=no
IPV6_AUTOCONF=yes
IPV6_DEFROUTE=yes
IPV6_PEERDNS=yes
IPV6_PEERROUTES=yes
IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL=no
NAME=eth0          --这里修改NAME=eth0
UUID=77c7f1b8-ddef-4d96-bf74-68ecedc99a1a
DEVICE=eth0 --这里修改DEVICE=eth0
ONBOOT=yes
IPADDR=192.168.56.10
PREFIX=24
HWADDR=08:00:27:43:c1:1d  --这里添加HWADDR

按照以上方法修改所有网卡配置文件。

拷贝配置文件60-net.rules

[root@test01 network-scripts]# cp /usr/lib/udev/rules.d/60-net.rules /etc/udev/rules.d/

重启系统查看网卡名称

shutdown -r 0

按照以上方法修改，可以自由定义不同MAC地址的网卡对应的网卡名称，在配置文件中添加完HWADDR的前提下，只需要修改配置文件名称ifcfg-ethx和其中的DEVICE=ethx,NAME=ethx.

[root@test01 ~]# ifconfig 
eth0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        ether 08:00:27:43:c1:1d  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 9  bytes 3788 (3.6 KiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

eth1: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 192.168.56.102  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.56.255
        inet6 fe80::a00:27ff:fe56:9530  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
        ether 08:00:27:56:95:30  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 16  bytes 5825 (5.6 KiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 21  bytes 4149 (4.0 KiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

eth2: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 192.168.56.101  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.56.255
        inet6 fe80::a00:27ff:fea5:4fd  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
        ether 08:00:27:a5:04:fd  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 66  bytes 11712 (11.4 KiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 63  bytes 10460 (10.2 KiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

转载于:https://blog.51cto.com/zaa47/1927440

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