gui图形界面信息查询 java java图形界面gui编程(持续更新)

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架构魔法之光 2023-07-23 17:04:18

文章标签 gui图形界面信息查询 java java 学习开发语言 System 文章分类 Java 后端开发

组件：窗口、弹窗、面板、文本框、列表框、按钮、图片、监听事件、鼠标、键盘事件

一、简介

GUI的核心开发技术：Swing AWT。
弊端：

页面不美观
需要jre环境

学习的必要性

可以写出自己心中想要的一些小工具
可以维护swing界面
了解MVC架构，了解监听！

二、AWT

1、AWT介绍

包含了很多类和接口，GUI：图形用户界面编写
元素：窗口，按钮，文本框
java.awt

2、组件和容器

1、Frame

package com.jjl.GUI.lessDmo01;
import java.awt.*;

//gui的第一个界面
public class TestFrame {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //Frame
        Frame frame=new Frame("我的第一个Java图形界面窗口");

        //需要设置可见性
        frame.setVisible(true);

        //设置窗口大小
        frame.setSize(1000,800);
        //设置窗口大小固定
        frame.setResizable(false);

        //设置背景颜色
        frame.setBackground(new Color(60, 63, 65));

        //弹出的初始位置
        frame.setLocation(400,200);
    }
}

注意：窗口正常关闭不了，只能停止Java运行
回顾封装，创建多个窗口

package com.jjl.GUI.lessDmo01;

import java.awt.*;

public class TestFrame2 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //展示多个窗口
        MyFrame myFrame1=new MyFrame(200,200,200,200,Color.darkGray);
        MyFrame myFrame2=new MyFrame(400,200,200,200,Color.gray);
        MyFrame myFrame3=new MyFrame(200,400,200,200,Color.black);
        MyFrame myFrame4=new MyFrame(400,400,200,200,Color.pink);
    }
}
 class MyFrame extends Frame{
    static int id=0;//可能存在多个窗口，所有需要一个计数器
     public MyFrame(int x,int y,int w,int h,Color color){
         super("Myframe"+(++id));
         setBackground(color);
         setBounds(x, y, w, h);
         setVisible(true);
     }
 }

2、面板（panel）

解决了点击关闭窗口时结束程序的监听事件

package com.jjl.GUI.lessDmo01;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;
//panel 可以看成一个空间，但是不能单独存在
public class TestPanel {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Frame frame= new Frame();
        //布局的概念
        Panel panel=new Panel();
        //布局设置
        frame.setLayout(null);
        //坐标
        frame.setBounds(300,300,500,500);
        frame.setBackground(new Color(60, 63, 65));
        //panel设置坐标，相对于frame
        panel.setBounds(50,50,400,400);
        panel.setBackground(new Color(60,60,60));
        //frame.add(panel)
        frame.add(panel);
        //可见性
        frame.setVisible(true);
        //监听事件，监听窗口关闭事件 System.exit(0);
        frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            /**
             * @param e
             * 适配器模式
             * 窗口关闭点击关闭的时候需要做的事情
             */
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                //结束程序
                System.exit(0);
            }
        });
    }
}

gui图形界面信息查询 java java图形界面gui编程(持续更新)_学习

3、布局管理器

流式布局

package com.jjl.GUI.lessDmo01;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;
public class TestFlowLayout {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Frame frame=new Frame();
        //按钮组件
        Button button1 = new Button("button1");
        Button button2 = new Button("button2");
        Button button3 = new Button("button3");
        //设置流式布局
        //FlowLayout.LEFT：表示靠左，默认居中
        frame.setLayout(new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.LEFT));
        frame.setBounds(200,200,400,400);
        //添加按钮
        frame.add(button1);
        frame.add(button2);
        frame.add(button3);
        //窗口可见性
        frame.setVisible(true);
        //监听关闭窗口事件
        frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            /**
             * @param e
             */
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
               System.exit(0);
            }
        });
    }
}

gui图形界面信息查询 java java图形界面gui编程(持续更新)_开发语言_02

东西南北中

package com.jjl.GUI.lessDmo01;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;
public class TestBorderLayout {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Frame frame = new Frame("TestBorderLayout");
        Button east = new Button("East");
        Button west = new Button("West");
        Button south = new Button("south");
        Button north = new Button("North");
        Button center = new Button("Center");

        frame.add(east,BorderLayout.EAST);
        frame.add(west,BorderLayout.WEST);
        frame.add(south,BorderLayout.SOUTH);
        frame.add(north,BorderLayout.NORTH);
        frame.add(center,BorderLayout.CENTER);

        frame.setBounds(200,200,400,400);
        //窗口可见性
        frame.setVisible(true);
        //监听关闭窗口事件
        frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            /**
             * @param e
             */
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                System.exit(0);
            }
        });
    }
}

gui图形界面信息查询 java java图形界面gui编程(持续更新)_gui图形界面信息查询 java_03

表格式布局 Grid

package com.jjl.GUI.lessDmo01;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;

public class TestGridLayout {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Frame frame = new Frame("TestGridLayout");
        Button btn1 = new Button("btn1");
        Button btn2 = new Button("btn2");
        Button btn3 = new Button("btn3");
        Button btn4 = new Button("btn4");
        Button btn5 = new Button("btn5");
        Button btn6 = new Button("btn6");

        frame.setLayout(new GridLayout(3,2));

        frame.add(btn1);
        frame.add(btn2);
        frame.add(btn3);
        frame.add(btn4);
        frame.add(btn5);
        frame.add(btn6);

        frame.pack();//Java函数，自动布局
        frame.setVisible(true);
        //监听关闭窗口事件
        frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            /**
             * @param e
             */
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                System.exit(0);
            }
        });
    }
}

gui图形界面信息查询 java java图形界面gui编程(持续更新)_gui图形界面信息查询 java_04

总结练习

package com.jjl.GUI.lessDmo01;

import java.awt.*;

public class TestOVER {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Frame frame = new Frame();
        frame.setLayout(new GridLayout(2,1));
        frame.setBounds(300,300,600,400);
        frame.setBackground(new Color(60,63,65));
        Panel panel1 = new Panel(new BorderLayout());
        Panel panel2 = new Panel(new GridLayout(2,1));
        Panel panel3 = new Panel(new BorderLayout());
        Panel panel4 = new Panel(new GridLayout(2,2));
        frame.add(panel1);
        frame.add(panel3);
        panel1.add(panel2,BorderLayout.CENTER);
        panel3.add(panel4,BorderLayout.CENTER);
        panel1.add(new Button("East-1"),BorderLayout.EAST);
        panel1.add(new Button("West-1"),BorderLayout.WEST);
        panel2.add(new Button("p2-btn-1"));
        panel2.add(new Button("p2-btn-2"));
        panel3.add(new Button("East-3"),BorderLayout.EAST);
        panel3.add(new Button("West-3"),BorderLayout.WEST);
        for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
            panel4.add(new Button("p4-btn-"+i));
        }
        frame.setVisible(true);
        //监听关闭窗口事件
        frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            /**
             * @param e
             */
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                System.exit(0);
            }
        });
    }
}

gui图形界面信息查询 java java图形界面gui编程(持续更新)_开发语言_05

3、事件监听

点击按钮触发动作

package com.jjl.GUI.lesson2;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;

public class TestAction {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //按下按钮时触发事情
        Frame frame = new Frame();
        Button button = new Button();
        //因为addActionListener()需要一个addActionListener，所以需要构造一个addActionListener
        MyActionListener myActionListener = new MyActionListener();
        button.addActionListener(myActionListener);
        frame.add(button,BorderLayout.CENTER);
        frame.pack();
        frame.setVisible(true);
        windownClose(frame);//关闭窗口
    }
    //关闭窗体的事件
    private static void windownClose(Frame frame){
        frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                System.exit(0);
            }
        });
    }
}
class MyActionListener implements ActionListener{
    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
        System.out.println("qqqqqqq");

    }
}

多个按钮共享一个事件

package com.jjl.GUI.lesson2;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;

public class TestActionTwo {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //两个按钮，实现同一个监听
        //启动，停止
        Frame frame = new Frame("开始停止");
        Button button1 = new Button("start");
        Button button2 = new Button("stop");
        
        //可以显示的定义触发会返回的命令，如果不显示定义，则会走默认的值
        button2.setActionCommand("button2-stop");
        MyMoitor myMoitor = new MyMoitor();
        button1.addActionListener(myMoitor);
        button2.addActionListener(myMoitor);

        frame.add(button1,BorderLayout.NORTH);
        frame.add(button2,BorderLayout.SOUTH);
        frame.pack();
        frame.setVisible(true);

    }
}
class MyMoitor implements ActionListener{
    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
        System.out.println("按钮被点击了："+e.getActionCommand());

    }
}

4、简易计算器

4.1、输入框TextField监听

package com.jjl.GUI.lesson2;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;

public class TestField extends TestAction{
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //启动
        new MyFrame();
    }
}
class MyFrame extends Frame{
    public MyFrame(){
        TextField textField = new TextField();
        add(textField);
        //监听这个文本框输入的文字
        myActionListener2 myActionListener2 = new myActionListener2();
        textField.addActionListener(myActionListener2);
        //设置替换编码
        textField.setEchoChar('*');
        setVisible(true);
        pack();
    }
}
class myActionListener2 implements ActionListener{
    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
        TextField field = (TextField) e.getSource();//获得一些资源，返回的一个对象
        System.out.println(field.getText());//获得输入框中的文本
        field.setText("");//回车之后自动清空
    }
}

4.2、简易计算器，组合+内部类回顾

package com.jjl.GUI.lesson2;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;

public class TestCalc {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new Calculator();
    }
}
//计算器类
class Calculator extends Frame{
    public Calculator(){
        //3个文本框
        TextField num1 = new TextField(10);
        TextField num2 = new TextField(10);
        TextField num3 = new TextField(20);

        //1个按钮
        Button button = new Button("=");
        button.addActionListener(new MyCalculatorListener(num1,num2,num3));

        //1个标签
        Label label = new Label("+");

        //布局
        setLayout(new FlowLayout());

        add(num1);
        add(label);
        add(num2);
        add(button);
        add(num3);
        pack();
        setVisible(true);
    }
}
class MyCalculatorListener implements ActionListener{

    //获取三个变量
    private TextField num1,num2,num3;
    public MyCalculatorListener(TextField num1,TextField num2,TextField num3){
        this.num1=num1;
        this.num2=num2;
        this.num3=num3;
    }
    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
        //1获取加数，和被加数
        int n1 = Integer.parseInt(num1.getText());
        int n2 = Integer.parseInt(num2.getText());
        //2.相加后，放到第三个数
        num3.setText(String.valueOf(n1+n2));

        //3.清空
        num1.setText("");
        num2.setText("");
    }
}

使用组合，代码优化

package com.jjl.GUI.lesson2;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;

public class TestCalc {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new Calculator().loadFrame();
    }
}
//计算器类
class Calculator extends Frame{
    //属性
    TextField num1,num2,num3;
    //方法
    public void loadFrame(){
        num1 = new TextField(10);
        num2 = new TextField(10);
        num3 = new TextField(20);
        //1个按钮
        Button button = new Button("=");
        button.addActionListener(new MyCalculatorListener(this));
        //1个标签
        Label label = new Label("+");

        //布局
        setLayout(new FlowLayout());
        add(num1);
        add(label);
        add(num2);
        add(button);
        add(num3);
        pack();
        setVisible(true);
    }
}
class MyCalculatorListener implements ActionListener{

    //使用组合的方式(在一个类中组合另一个类），获取计算器这个对象
    Calculator calculator=null;
    public MyCalculatorListener(Calculator calculator){
        this.calculator=calculator;
    }
    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
        //1获取加数，和被加数
        int n1=Integer.parseInt(calculator.num1.getText());
        int n2=Integer.parseInt(calculator.num2.getText());
        //2.相加后，放到第三个数
        calculator.num3.setText(String.valueOf(n1+n2));
        //3.清空
        calculator.num1.setText("0");
        calculator.num2.setText("0");
    }
}

完全改造为面向对象——内部类

package com.jjl.GUI.lesson2;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;

public class TestCalc {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new Calculator().loadFrame();
    }
}
//计算器类
class Calculator extends Frame{
    //属性
    TextField num1,num2,num3;
    //方法
    public void loadFrame(){
        num1 = new TextField(10);
        num2 = new TextField(10);
        num3 = new TextField(20);
        //1个按钮
        Button button = new Button("=");
        button.addActionListener(new MyCalculatorListener());
        //1个标签
        Label label = new Label("+");

        //布局
        setLayout(new FlowLayout());
        add(num1);
        add(label);
        add(num2);
        add(button);
        add(num3);
        pack();
        setVisible(true);
    }
    //内部类可以访问外部类的方法
    private class MyCalculatorListener implements ActionListener{
        public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
            //1获取加数，和被加数
            int n1=Integer.parseInt(num1.getText());
            int n2=Integer.parseInt(num2.getText());
            //2.相加后，放到第三个数
            num3.setText(String.valueOf(n1+n2));
            //3.清空
            num1.setText("0");
            num2.setText("0");
        }
    }
}

5、画笔

package com.jjl.GUI.lesson3;
import java.awt.*;
import com.jjl.GUI.lesson2.*;

public class TestPaint {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new MyPaint().loadFrame();

    }
}
class MyPaint extends Frame{
    public void loadFrame(){
        setBounds(200,200,600,400);
        setVisible(true);
    }
    /**
     * @param g the specified Graphics window
     * 画笔
     */
    @Override
    public void paint(Graphics g) {
        //画笔，需要颜色
        g.setColor(Color.red);
        g.drawOval(100,100,100,100);//空心圆
        g.fillOval(200,100,100,100);//实心圆

        g.setColor(Color.GREEN);
        g.fillRect(150,200,200,200);//实心矩形
    }
}

6、鼠标监听

实现鼠标画画

package com.jjl.GUI.lesson3;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.MouseAdapter;
import java.awt.event.MouseEvent;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Iterator;

public class TestMouseListener {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new MyFrame("画画");
    }
}
class MyFrame extends Frame{
    ArrayList points;
    //画画需要画笔，需要监听鼠标当前的位置，需要集合来存储这个点
    public MyFrame(String title){
        super(title);
        setBounds(200,200,400,300);
        //存鼠标点击的点
        points=new ArrayList<>();

        setVisible(true);
        //鼠标监听器，正对这个窗口
        this.addMouseListener(new MyMouseListener());
    }

    /**
     * @param g the specified Graphics window
     * 画画，监听鼠标的事件
     */
    @Override
    public void paint(Graphics g) {
        Iterator iterator=points.iterator();
        while (iterator.hasNext()){
            Point point=(Point) iterator.next();
            g.setColor(Color.BLUE);
            g.fillOval(point.x,point.y,10,10);
        }
    }
    //添加一个点到界面
    public void addPaint(Point point){
        points.add(point);

    }
    private class MyMouseListener extends MouseAdapter{
        /**
         * @param e
         */
        @Override
        public void mousePressed(MouseEvent e) {
            MyFrame frame = (MyFrame) e.getSource();
            //这个我们点击的时候，就会在界面上产生一个点
            //这个点就是鼠标的点
            frame.addPaint(new Point(e.getX(),e.getY()));

            //每次点击鼠标都需要重新画一遍
            frame.repaint();//刷新
        }
    }
}

gui图形界面信息查询 java java图形界面gui编程(持续更新)_gui图形界面信息查询 java_06

7、窗口监听事件

1、使用内部类，和匿名内部类编写窗口关闭事件

package com.jjl.GUI.lesson3;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;

public class TestWindow {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new WindowFrame();
    }
}

class WindowFrame extends Frame {
    public WindowFrame(){
        setBackground(Color.blue);
        setBounds(100,100,600,400);
        setVisible(true);
        //addWindowListener(new MyWindowListener());
        //匿名内部类，建议这样写
        this.addWindowListener(
                new WindowAdapter() {
                    /**
                     * @param e
                     */
                    @Override
                    public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                       System.exit(0);
                    }
                }
        );
    }
//
//    //内部类
//    class MyWindowListener extends WindowAdapter{
//        /**
//         * @param e
//         */
//        @Override
//        public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
//            //setVisible(false);//隐藏窗口
//            System.exit(0);//正常退出，1：非正常退出
//        }
//    }
//
}

2、监听窗口是否为当前活动窗口

package com.jjl.GUI.lesson3;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;

public class TestWindow {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new WindowFrame();
    }
}

class WindowFrame extends Frame {
    public WindowFrame(){
        setBackground(Color.blue);
        setBounds(100,100,600,400);
        setVisible(true);
        //addWindowListener(new MyWindowListener());
        //匿名内部类，建议这样写
        this.addWindowListener(
                new WindowAdapter() {
                    /**
                     * @param e
                     * 窗口打开时（用不上）
                     */
                    @Override
                    public void windowOpened(WindowEvent e) {
                        System.out.println("windowOpened：窗口已打开");
                    }

                    /**
                     * @param e
                     */
                    @Override
                    public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                        System.out.println("windowClosing：窗口关闭中");
                        System.exit(0);
                    }

                    /**
                     * @param e（用不上）
                     */
                    @Override
                    public void windowClosed(WindowEvent e) {
                        System.out.println("windowClosed：窗口已经关闭");
                    }

                    /**
                     * @param e
                     */
                    @Override
                    public void windowActivated(WindowEvent e) {
                        System.out.println("windowActivated：为当前活动窗口");
                    }


                }
        );
    }
}

8、键盘监听

package com.jjl.GUI.lesson3;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.KeyAdapter;
import java.awt.event.KeyEvent;

public class TestKeyListener {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new KeyFrame();

    }
}
class KeyFrame extends Frame {
    public KeyFrame(){
        setBounds(300,300,600,400);
        setVisible(true);

        this.addKeyListener(new KeyAdapter() {
            /**
             * @param e
             * 键盘按下
             */
            @Override
            public void keyPressed(KeyEvent e) {
                //获取键盘按下的键
                int keyCode = e.getKeyCode();//获取被按下的键的键盘码
                if (keyCode==KeyEvent.VK_UP){
                    System.out.println("你按下了上键");
                }
            }
        });
    }
}

三、Swing

1、窗口、面板

窗口的关闭事件，文本标签的X,Y对齐，文本颜色，通过创建容器设置窗口背景颜色

package com.jjl.GUI.lesson4;
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

public class JFrameDemo {
    public void init(){
        JFrame frame = new JFrame("这是一个JFrame窗口");
        frame.setVisible(true);
        frame.setBounds(600,400,600,400);
        //frame.setBackground(Color.CYAN);
        //设置文字
        JLabel label = new JLabel("欢迎Java");
        frame.add(label);
        //让文本标签居中
        label.setHorizontalAlignment(SwingConstants.CENTER);//设置标签内容沿X轴的对齐方式
        label.setVerticalAlignment(SwingConstants.TOP);//设置标签内容沿着Y轴的对齐方式
        label.setForeground(Color.white);
        //获取一个容器,所有的东西只能放在容器里
        Container contentPane = frame.getContentPane();
        contentPane.setBackground(new Color(60,60,60));
        //关闭事件
        frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.DISPOSE_ON_CLOSE);
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new JFrameDemo().init();
    }
}

2、弹窗

JDialog，用来被弹出，默认就有关闭事件

package com.jjl.GUI.lesson5;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
//主窗口
public class DialogDemo extends JFrame {
    public DialogDemo(){
        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setSize(700,500);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);

        //创建一个容器
        Container container=this.getContentPane();
        //绝对布局
        container.setLayout(null);
        //按钮
        JButton button=new JButton("点击弹出一个对话框");//创建
        button.setBounds(30,30,200,50);

        //点击按钮是弹窗
        button.addActionListener(new AbstractAction() {
            @Override
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                //弹窗
                new MyDialogDemo();
            }
        });
        container.add(button);
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new DialogDemo();

    }
}
//弹窗的窗口
class MyDialogDemo extends JDialog{
    public MyDialogDemo(){
        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setBounds(100,100,500,500);

        Container contentPane = this.getContentPane();
        contentPane.setLayout(null);
        contentPane.add(new Label("学习Java"));
    }
}

3、标签

文字标签：new Label(“学习Java”)
图标：Icon

1、创建图形作为图标

package com.jjl.GUI.lesson5;
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
//图标，需要实现类，Frame继承
public class IconDemo extends JFrame implements Icon {
    private int width;
    private int height;
    public IconDemo(int width,int height){
        this.width=width;
        this.height=height;
    }
    public IconDemo() {

    }
    public void init(){
        this.setBounds(200,200,600,400);
        IconDemo iconDemo = new IconDemo(15, 15);
        //图标放在标签，也可以放在按钮上
        JLabel icontest = new JLabel("icontest", iconDemo, SwingConstants.CENTER);

        Container contentPane = getContentPane();
        contentPane.add(icontest);
        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new IconDemo().init();
    }
    @Override
    public void paintIcon(Component c, Graphics g, int x, int y) {
        g.fillOval(x,y,width,height);
    }
    @Override
    public int getIconWidth() {
        return this.width;
    }
    @Override
    public int getIconHeight() {
        return this.height;
    }
}

2、将图片设置为图标

package com.jjl.GUI.lesson5;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.net.URL;

public class ImageIconDemo extends JFrame {
    public ImageIconDemo(){
        this.setBounds(200,200,600,400);
        //获取图片的地址
        JLabel label = new JLabel("imageIcon");
        URL url = ImageIconDemo.class.getResource("java.png");//获取当前这个类所在的同级目录下的资源
        ImageIcon imageIcon = new ImageIcon(url);
        label.setIcon(imageIcon);
        label.setHorizontalAlignment(SwingConstants.CENTER);
        Container contentPane = getContentPane();
        contentPane.add(label);
        setVisible(true);
        setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new ImageIconDemo();
    }
}

4、面板

1、JPanel

package com.jjl.GUI.lesson6;
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

public class JPanelDeo extends JFrame {
    public JPanelDeo(){
        Container container = this.getContentPane();//获取一个容器
        //设置容器排列方式
        container.setLayout(new GridLayout(2,1,10,10));//后面两个参数是指上下间距
        //创建面板，并创建面板的排列方式
        JPanel panel1 = new JPanel(new GridLayout(1,3));
        JPanel panel2 = new JPanel(new GridLayout(1,3));
        container.add(panel1);
        container.add(panel2);
        panel1.add(new JButton("1"));
        panel1.add(new JButton("2"));
        panel1.add(new JButton("3"));
        panel2.add(new JButton("3"));
        panel2.add(new JButton("3"));
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        setVisible(true);
        setSize(600,400);
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new JPanelDeo();
    }
}

2、页面滚动JScrollPanel

package com.jjl.GUI.lesson6;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

public class JScrollDemo extends JFrame {
    public JScrollDemo(){
        Container contentPane = this.getContentPane();

        //文本域，限制输入的行数和列数
        JTextArea jTextArea = new JTextArea(20, 50);
        jTextArea.setText("欢迎学习Java");

        //添加Scroll面板 获取滚动条
        JScrollPane scrollPane=new JScrollPane(jTextArea);
        contentPane.add(scrollPane);

        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setBounds(300,300,600,400);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new JScrollDemo();
    }
}

gui图形界面信息查询 java java图形界面gui编程(持续更新)_学习_07

5、按钮

1、将图片放在按钮上

package com.jjl.GUI.lesson6;
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.net.URL;

public class JButtonDemo01 extends JFrame {
    public JButtonDemo01(){
        //构造一个容器
        Container container=this.getContentPane();
        //绝对布局，这样才能设置控件的大小
        container.setLayout(null);
        //获取当前目录下的资源
        URL url =JButtonDemo01.class.getResource("java.png");
        //将图片变成图标
        Icon icon =new ImageIcon(url);
        //把图标放在按钮上
        JButton button = new JButton();
        button.setIcon(icon);
        button.setBounds(20,20,100,100);
        //当鼠标经过时提示的文本
        button.setToolTipText("图片按钮");
        container.add(button);
        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setBounds(300,300,600,400);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new JButtonDemo01();
    }
}

2、单选框

package com.jjl.GUI.lesson6;
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
public class JButtonDemo02 extends JFrame{
    public JButtonDemo02(){
        //构造一个容器
        Container container=this.getContentPane();
        //绝对布局，这样才能设置控件的大小
        container.setLayout(null);
        //单选框
        JRadioButton readioButton1 = new JRadioButton("单选1");
        JRadioButton readioButton2 = new JRadioButton("单选2");
        JRadioButton readioButton3 = new JRadioButton("单选3");
        readioButton1.setBounds(20,20,100,20);
        readioButton2.setBounds(120,20,100,20);
        readioButton3.setBounds(240,20,100,20);
        //由于单选框只能选择一个，会分组,new一个button组，将三个按钮放在一个组里，这样三个就只能选一个了
        ButtonGroup buttonGroup = new ButtonGroup();
        buttonGroup.add(readioButton1);
        buttonGroup.add(readioButton2);
        buttonGroup.add(readioButton3);
        container.add(readioButton1);
        container.add(readioButton2);
        container.add(readioButton3);
        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setBounds(300,300,600,400);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new JButtonDemo02();
    }
}

3、多选框

package com.jjl.GUI.lesson6;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

public class JButtonDemo03 extends JFrame {
    public JButtonDemo03(){
        //构造一个容器
        Container container=this.getContentPane();
        //绝对布局，这样才能设置控件的大小
        container.setLayout(null);
        //多选框
        JCheckBox jCheckBox1 = new JCheckBox("复选1");
        JCheckBox jCheckBox2 = new JCheckBox("复选2");
        JCheckBox jCheckBox3 = new JCheckBox("复选3");
        jCheckBox1.setBounds(20,20,100,20);
        jCheckBox2.setBounds(120,20,100,20);
        jCheckBox3.setBounds(240,20,100,20);
        container.add(jCheckBox1);
        container.add(jCheckBox2);
        container.add(jCheckBox3);
        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setBounds(300,300,600,400);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new JButtonDemo03();
    }
}

6、列表

1、下拉框

package com.jjl.GUI.lesson7;
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

public class TestComboboxDemo01 extends JFrame {
    public TestComboboxDemo01(){
        Container contentPane = this.getContentPane();
        contentPane.setLayout(null);
        JComboBox<Object> status = new JComboBox<>();
        status.setBounds(20,20,200,50);
        status.addItem(null);
        status.addItem("选项1");
        status.addItem("选项2");
        status.addItem("选项3");
        contentPane.add(status);
        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setBounds(400,400,600,400);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new TestComboboxDemo01();
    }
}

2、列表框

用于展示信息，一般动态扩容

package com.jjl.GUI.lesson7;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.util.Vector;

public class TestComboboxDemo02 extends JFrame {
    public TestComboboxDemo02(){
        Container contentPane = this.getContentPane();
        //contentPane.setLayout(null);
        //生成列表的内容(静态)
        //String[] contents ={"1","2","3"};

        //生成列表的内容(动态)
        Vector contents = new Vector();
        //添加动态内容
        contents.add("zhangsan");
        contents.add("lisi");
        contents.add("wangwu");

        JList jList = new JList(contents);
        contentPane.add(jList);
        
        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setBounds(400,400,600,400);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new TestComboboxDemo02();
    }
}

7、文本框

文本框、密码框、文本域

package com.jjl.GUI.lesson8;
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

public class TestTextDemo01 extends JFrame {
    public TestTextDemo01(){
        Container container = this.getContentPane();
        container.setLayout(null);

        //文本框
        JTextField jTextField = new JTextField("hello");
        jTextField.setBounds(0,0,100,50);
        JTextField jTextField2 = new JTextField("hello",20);
        jTextField2.setBounds(0,70,100,50);
        container.add(jTextField);
        container.add(jTextField2);

        //密码框
        JPasswordField passwordField = new JPasswordField();
        passwordField.setEchoChar('*');
        passwordField.setBounds(0,160,100,50);
        container.add(passwordField);

        //文本域，限制输入的行数和列数
        JTextArea jTextArea = new JTextArea(20, 50);
        jTextArea.setText("欢迎学习Java");
        //添加Scroll面板 获取滚动条，将文本域放在面板里面
        JScrollPane scrollPane=new JScrollPane(jTextArea);
        scrollPane.setBounds(0,230,300,300);
        container.add(scrollPane);
        
        this.setBounds(400,400,600,400);
        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new TestTextDemo01();
    }
}

四、编写简易的贪吃蛇小游戏

启动main

package com.jjl.GUI.snake;

import javax.swing.*;

public class startGame {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        JFrame frame = new JFrame();
        frame.add(new GamePanel());
        frame.setTitle("Java学习小成果——贪吃蛇");

        frame.setBounds(600,200,900,760);
        frame.setResizable(false);//固定窗口大小
        frame.setVisible(true);
        frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }
}

数据存放类

package com.jjl.GUI.snake;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.net.URL;

//数据中心
public class Data {
    public static URL upURL=Data.class.getResource("static/up.png");
    public static URL headerURL=Data.class.getResource("static/header.png");
    public static URL downURL=Data.class.getResource("static/down.png");
    public static URL leftURL=Data.class.getResource("static/left.png");
    public static URL rigthURL=Data.class.getResource("static/rigth.png");
    public static URL bodyURL=Data.class.getResource("static/blue.png");
    public static URL eatURL=Data.class.getResource("static/eat.png");

    public static ImageIcon up=new ImageIcon(upURL);
    public static ImageIcon header=new ImageIcon(headerURL);
    public static ImageIcon down=new ImageIcon(downURL);
    public static ImageIcon left=new ImageIcon(leftURL);
    public static ImageIcon right=new ImageIcon(rigthURL);
    public static ImageIcon body=new ImageIcon(bodyURL);
    public static ImageIcon foob=new ImageIcon(eatURL);
}

游戏实现类

package com.jjl.GUI.snake;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.event.KeyEvent;
import java.awt.event.KeyListener;
import java.util.Random;

//游戏的面板
public class GamePanel extends JPanel implements KeyListener, ActionListener {
    //1、定义蛇的数据结构
    int length;//蛇的长度
    int[] snakex = new int[600];//蛇的X坐标
    int[] snakey = new int[500];//蛇的y坐标
    String fx;

    //食物的坐标
    int foodx;
    int foody;
    Random random=new Random();//随机数

    int score;//成绩

    //游戏当前的状态
    boolean isStart = false;//默认不开始

    boolean isFall=false;//游戏失败状态

    //定时器
    Timer timer = new Timer(100,this);//100毫秒执行一次

    public GamePanel() {
       init();
       //获得焦点和键盘事件
        this.setFocusable(true);//获得焦点事件，当前窗口是否为活动窗口
        this.addKeyListener(this);//获得键盘监听事件
        timer.start();//游戏一开始，定时器就启动
    }

    //2、初始化方法
    public void init(){
        length=3;
        snakex[0]=80;snakey[0]=140;//脑袋的坐标
        snakex[1]=60;snakey[1]=140;//身体1的坐标
        snakex[2]=40;snakey[2]=140;//身体2的坐标
        fx="R";
        //把食物随机放在页面上
        foodx=20+20*random.nextInt(42);
        foody=120+20*random.nextInt(29);
        score=0;
    }
    /**
     * @param g the <code>Graphics</code> object to protect
     * 绘制面板，我们在游戏中的所有东西，都是用这个画笔来
     */
    @Override
    protected void paintComponent(Graphics g) {
        super.paintComponent(g);//清屏
        this.setBackground(Color.WHITE);
        Data.header.paintIcon(this,g,20,11);//放头部header图片
        g.fillRect(20,120,850,600);
        //画积分
        g.setColor(Color.white);
        g.setFont(new Font("微软雅黑",Font.BOLD,20));
        g.drawString("成绩："+score,700,80);
        g.drawString("吃了："+length,700,40);
        //把小蛇放上去
        //初始的头部坐标
        if (fx.equals("R")){
            Data.right.paintIcon(this,g,snakex[0],snakey[0]);//头的坐标
        }else if (fx.equals("L")){
            Data.left.paintIcon(this,g,snakex[0],snakey[0]);//头的坐标
        }else if (fx.equals("U")){
            Data.up.paintIcon(this,g,snakex[0],snakey[0]);//头的坐标
        }else if (fx.equals("D")){
            Data.down.paintIcon(this,g,snakex[0],snakey[0]);//头的坐标
        }
        //初始的身体坐标
        for (int i = 1; i < length; i++) {
            Data.body.paintIcon(this,g,snakex[i],snakey[i]);
        }
        //放置食物
        Data.foob.paintIcon(this,g,foodx,foody);
        //游戏状态
        if(isStart==false){
            g.setColor(Color.white);
            g.setFont(new Font("微软雅黑",Font.BOLD,40));
            g.drawString("按下空格开始游戏",300,400);
        }
        if(isFall){
            g.setColor(Color.RED);
            g.setFont(new Font("微软雅黑",Font.BOLD,40));
            g.drawString("失败了！按下空格重新开始游戏",300,400);
        }
    }
    /**
     * @param e
     * 3、键盘监听事件
     */
    @Override
    public void keyPressed(KeyEvent e) {
        int keyCode = e.getKeyCode();//获得当前按下了哪一个键
        if(keyCode==KeyEvent.VK_SPACE){
            if(isFall){
                //重新开始
                isFall=false;
                init();
            }else {
                isStart=!isStart;//取反
                repaint();
            }
        }
        //小蛇移动
        if (keyCode==KeyEvent.VK_UP){
            fx="U";

        }else if (keyCode==KeyEvent.VK_DOWN){
            fx="D";

        }else if (keyCode==KeyEvent.VK_LEFT){
            fx="L";

        }else if (keyCode==KeyEvent.VK_RIGHT){
            fx="R";
        }
    }
    /**
     * @param e
     * 事件监听---需要通过固定的事件刷新
     */
    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
        if(isStart && isFall==false){//如果游戏是开启状态，就让小蛇动起来
            if (snakex[0]==foodx && snakey[0]==foody){
                length++;//长度加一
                //分数
                score=score+10;

                //再次随机食物
                foodx=40+20*random.nextInt(40);
                foody=120+20*random.nextInt(28);
            }

            //右移
            for (int i = length-1; i >0 ; i--) {//后一节，移到前一节的位置
                snakex[i]=snakex[i-1];
                snakey[i]=snakey[i-1];
            }
            //走向
            if(fx.equals("R")){
                snakex[0]=snakex[0]+20;
                //边界判断
                if(snakex[0]>850){
                    snakex[0]=20;
                }
            }else if(fx.equals("L")){
                snakex[0]=snakex[0]-20;
                //边界判断
                if(snakex[0]<20){
                    snakex[0]=850;
                }
            }else if(fx.equals("U")){
                snakey[0]=snakey[0]-20;
                //边界判断
                if(snakey[0]<120){
                    snakey[0]=700;
                }
            }else if(fx.equals("D")){
                snakey[0]=snakey[0]+20;
                //边界判断
                if(snakey[0]>700){
                    snakey[0]=120;
                }
            }

            //撞到自己就失败
            for (int i = 1; i <length ; i++) {
                if (snakey[0]==snakey[i]&&snakex[0]==snakex[i]){
                    isFall=true;
                }
            }
            repaint();//刷新页面

        }
        timer.start();

    }
    /**
     * @param e
     */
    @Override
    public void keyReleased(KeyEvent e) {

    }
    /**
     * @param e
     */
    @Override
    public void keyTyped(KeyEvent e) {

    }
}

gui图形界面信息查询 java java图形界面gui编程(持续更新)_开发语言_08