spring boot防止请求中的字符串被转义

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架构魔法之光 2024-09-04 14:20:00

文章标签 springboot 订单重复提交 spring redis java 文章分类 spring boot 后端开发

一、概念

幂等性, 通俗的说就是一个接口, 多次发起同一个请求, 必须保证操作只能执行一次
比如:

订单接口, 不能多次创建订单
支付接口, 重复支付同一笔订单只能扣一次钱
支付宝回调接口, 可能会多次回调, 必须处理重复回调
普通表单提交接口, 因为网络超时等原因多次点击提交, 只能成功一次
等等

二、常见解决方案

唯一索引 -- 防止新增脏数据
token机制 -- 防止页面重复提交
悲观锁 -- 获取数据的时候加锁(锁表或锁行)
乐观锁 -- 基于版本号version实现, 在更新数据那一刻校验数据
分布式锁 -- redis(jedis、redisson)或zookeeper实现
状态机 -- 状态变更, 更新数据时判断状态

三、本文实现

本文采用第2种方式实现, 即通过redis + token机制实现接口幂等性校验

四、实现思路

为需要保证幂等性的每一次请求创建一个唯一标识token, 先获取token, 并将此token存入redis, 请求接口时, 将此token放到header或者作为请求参数请求接口, 后端接口判断redis中是否存在此token:

如果存在, 正常处理业务逻辑, 并从redis中删除此token, 那么, 如果是重复请求, 由于token已被删除, 则不能通过校验, 返回请勿重复操作提示
如果不存在, 说明参数不合法或者是重复请求, 返回提示即可

五、项目简介

springboot
redis
@ApiIdempotent注解 + 拦截器对请求进行拦截
@ControllerAdvice全局异常处理
压测工具: jmeter

说明:

本文重点介绍幂等性核心实现, 关于springboot如何集成redis、ServerResponse、ResponseCode等细枝末节不在本文讨论范围之内, 有兴趣的小伙伴可以查看我的Github项目: https://github.com/wangzaiplus/springboot/tree/wxw

六、代码实现

redis.clients jedis 2.9.0

JedisUtil

package com.wangzaiplus.test.util;import com.wangzaiplus.test.common.Constant;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;import redis.clients.jedis.Jedis;import redis.clients.jedis.JedisPool;import java.util.Set;@Componentpublic class JedisUtil { @Autowired private JedisPool jedisPool; private Jedis getJedis() { return jedisPool.getResource(); } /** * 设值 * * @param key * @param value * @return */ public String set(String key, String value) { Jedis jedis = null; try { jedis = getJedis(); return jedis.set(key, value); } catch (Exception e) { throw new RuntimeException("set异常: key: " + key + ", cause: " + e.getMessage()); } finally { close(jedis); } } /** * 设值 * * @param key * @param value * @param expireTime 过期时间, 单位: s * @return */ public String set(String key, String value, int expireTime) { Jedis jedis = null; try { jedis = getJedis(); String result = jedis.set(key, value); if (Constant.Redis.OK.equals(result)) { jedis.expire(key, expireTime); } return result; } catch (Exception e) { throw new RuntimeException("set-expireTime异常: key: " + key + ", cause: " + e.getMessage()); } finally { close(jedis); } } /** * 删除key * * @param key * @return */ public Long del(String key) { Jedis jedis = null; try { jedis = getJedis(); return jedis.del(key.getBytes()); } catch (Exception e) { throw new RuntimeException("del异常: key: " + key + ", cause: " + e.getMessage()); } finally { close(jedis); } } /** * 判断key是否存在 * * @param key * @return */ public Boolean exists(String key) { Jedis jedis = null; try { jedis = getJedis(); return jedis.exists(key.getBytes()); } catch (Exception e) { throw new RuntimeException("exists异常: key: " + key + ", cause: " + e.getMessage()); } finally { close(jedis); } } public void close(Jedis jedis) { if (null != jedis) { jedis.close(); } }}

说明: 篇幅有限, 完整JedisUtil请参考GitHub

自定义注解@ApiIdempotent

package com.wangzaiplus.test.annotation;import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;import java.lang.annotation.Retention;import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;import java.lang.annotation.Target;/** * 在需要保证 接口幂等性 的Controller的方法上使用此注解 */@Target({ElementType.METHOD})@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)public @interface ApiIdempotent {}

ApiIdempotentInterceptor拦截器

package com.wangzaiplus.test.interceptor;import com.wangzaiplus.test.annotation.ApiIdempotent;import com.wangzaiplus.test.exception.ServiceException;import com.wangzaiplus.test.service.TokenService;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;import org.springframework.web.method.HandlerMethod;import org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerInterceptor;import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;import java.lang.reflect.Method;/** * 接口幂等性拦截器 */public class ApiIdempotentInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor { @Autowired private TokenService tokenService; @Override public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) { if (!(handler instanceof HandlerMethod)) { return true; } HandlerMethod handlerMethod = (HandlerMethod) handler; Method method = handlerMethod.getMethod(); ApiIdempotent methodAnnotation = method.getAnnotation(ApiIdempotent.class); if (methodAnnotation != null) { checkApiIdempotent(request);// 幂等性校验, 校验通过则放行, 校验失败则抛出异常, 并通过统一异常处理返回友好提示 } return true; } private void checkApiIdempotent(HttpServletRequest request) { tokenService.checkToken(request); } @Override public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse, Object o, ModelAndView modelAndView) throws Exception { } @Override public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse, Object o, Exception e) throws Exception { }}

TokenServiceImpl

package com.wangzaiplus.test.service.impl;import com.wangzaiplus.test.common.Constant;import com.wangzaiplus.test.common.ResponseCode;import com.wangzaiplus.test.common.ServerResponse;import com.wangzaiplus.test.exception.ServiceException;import com.wangzaiplus.test.service.TokenService;import com.wangzaiplus.test.util.JedisUtil;import com.wangzaiplus.test.util.RandomUtil;import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;import org.apache.commons.lang3.text.StrBuilder;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;@Servicepublic class TokenServiceImpl implements TokenService { private static final String TOKEN_NAME = "token"; @Autowired private JedisUtil jedisUtil; @Override public ServerResponse createToken() { String str = RandomUtil.generateStr(24); StrBuilder token = new StrBuilder(); token.append(Constant.Redis.TOKEN_PREFIX).append(str); jedisUtil.set(token.toString(), token.toString(), Constant.Redis.EXPIRE_TIME_MINUTE); return ServerResponse.success(token.toString()); } @Override public void checkToken(HttpServletRequest request) { String token = request.getHeader(TOKEN_NAME); if (StringUtils.isBlank(token)) {// header中不存在token token = request.getParameter(TOKEN_NAME); if (StringUtils.isBlank(token)) {// parameter中也不存在token throw new ServiceException(ResponseCode.ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT.getMsg()); } } if (!jedisUtil.exists(token)) { throw new ServiceException(ResponseCode.REPETITIVE_OPERATION.getMsg()); } Long del = jedisUtil.del(token); if (del <= 0) { throw new ServiceException(ResponseCode.REPETITIVE_OPERATION.getMsg()); } }}

TestApplication

package com.wangzaiplus.test;import com.wangzaiplus.test.interceptor.ApiIdempotentInterceptor;import org.mybatis.spring.annotation.MapperScan;import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;import org.springframework.web.cors.CorsConfiguration;import org.springframework.web.cors.UrlBasedCorsConfigurationSource;import org.springframework.web.filter.CorsFilter;import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.InterceptorRegistry;import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.WebMvcConfigurerAdapter;@SpringBootApplication@MapperScan("com.wangzaiplus.test.mapper")public class TestApplication extends WebMvcConfigurerAdapter { public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(TestApplication.class, args); } /** * 跨域 * @return */ @Bean public CorsFilter corsFilter() { final UrlBasedCorsConfigurationSource urlBasedCorsConfigurationSource = new UrlBasedCorsConfigurationSource(); final CorsConfiguration corsConfiguration = new CorsConfiguration(); corsConfiguration.setAllowCredentials(true); corsConfiguration.addAllowedOrigin("*"); corsConfiguration.addAllowedHeader("*"); corsConfiguration.addAllowedMethod("*"); urlBasedCorsConfigurationSource.registerCorsConfiguration("/**", corsConfiguration); return new CorsFilter(urlBasedCorsConfigurationSource); } @Override public void addInterceptors(InterceptorRegistry registry) { // 接口幂等性拦截器 registry.addInterceptor(apiIdempotentInterceptor()); super.addInterceptors(registry); } @Bean public ApiIdempotentInterceptor apiIdempotentInterceptor() { return new ApiIdempotentInterceptor(); }}

OK, 目前为止, 校验代码准备就绪, 接下来测试验证

七、测试验证

获取token的控制器TokenController

package com.wangzaiplus.test.controller;import com.wangzaiplus.test.common.ServerResponse;import com.wangzaiplus.test.service.TokenService;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;@RestController@RequestMapping("/token")public class TokenController { @Autowired private TokenService tokenService; @GetMapping public ServerResponse token() { return tokenService.createToken(); }}

TestController, 注意@ApiIdempotent注解, 在需要幂等性校验的方法上声明此注解即可, 不需要校验的无影响

package com.wangzaiplus.test.controller;import com.wangzaiplus.test.annotation.ApiIdempotent;import com.wangzaiplus.test.common.ServerResponse;import com.wangzaiplus.test.service.TestService;import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;@RestController@RequestMapping("/test")@Slf4jpublic class TestController { @Autowired private TestService testService; @ApiIdempotent @PostMapping("testIdempotence") public ServerResponse testIdempotence() { return testService.testIdempotence(); }}

获取token

查看redis

spring boot防止请求中的字符串被转义_spring

测试接口安全性: 利用jmeter测试工具模拟50个并发请求, 将上一步获取到的token作为参数

spring boot防止请求中的字符串被转义_redis_02

header或参数均不传token, 或者token值为空, 或者token值乱填, 均无法通过校验, 如token值为"abcd"

八、注意点(非常重要)

spring boot防止请求中的字符串被转义_redis_03

上图中, 不能单纯的直接删除token而不校验是否删除成功, 会出现并发安全性问题, 因为, 有可能多个线程同时走到第46行, 此时token还未被删除, 所以继续往下执行, 如果不校验jedisUtil.del(token)的删除结果而直接放行, 那么还是会出现重复提交问题, 即使实际上只有一次真正的删除操作, 下面重现一下

稍微修改一下代码:

spring boot防止请求中的字符串被转义_springboot 订单重复提交_04