第二篇中讲解了如何装载驱动,以及它的初始化过程。
本篇分析一下连接数据库时使用的获取数据库连接的代码:
1. DriverManager.getConnection(“jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test”,”root”,”123”);
DriverManager.getConnection(“jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test”,”root”,”123”);
DriverManager.getConnection方法有三种重载方式,这里我们使用带有三个参数的方法,第一个表示数据库的URL, 第二、三个分别
是用户名和密码。获取数据库连接如此简单,只要把三个参数准确无误的写上去,连接肯定就能获取。但是连接方法中到底给我们做
了哪些工作呢? 下面找到DriverManager类的静态方法getConnection源码一探究竟。
1. public static
2. throws
3. new java.util.Properties(); ///1
4. // Gets the classloader of the code that called this method, may
5. // be null.
6. ///2
7. if (user != null) {
8. ”user”, user);
9. }
10. if (password != null) {
11. ”password”, password);
12. }
13. return (getConnection(url, info, callerCL)); ///3
14. }
public static Connection getConnection(String url, String user, String password) throws SQLException { java.util.Properties info = new java.util.Properties(); ///1 // Gets the classloader of the code that called this method, may // be null. ClassLoader callerCL = DriverManager.getCallerClassLoader(); ///2 if (user != null) { info.put(“user”, user); } if (password != null) { info.put(“password”, password); } return (getConnection(url, info, callerCL)); ///3 }
1处定义了一个Properties对象,java.util.Properties它是用来在文件中存储键值对的,其中键和值是用等号分隔的。可以将值以
key-value的形式存入Properties.
2处调用方法getCallerClassLoader得到类装载器对象, 这个地方有点意思,既然是调用方法,怎么变成了下面这种形式呢?根本就
不见方法体。
源码:
1. private static native
private static native ClassLoader getCallerClassLoader();
getCallerClassLoader()是一个静态原生方法,返回类型为ClassLoader, 被声明为native, 说明这个方法是一个原生方法,也就是说
这个方法是用C/C++语言实现的,并且被编译成了DLL,由JAVA调用。这些函数的实体在DLL中,JDK源码并不包含,在JAVA源文件中是
找不到源代码的。不同的平台其实现也有所差异。这也是JAVA的底层机制,实际上JAVA就是在不同的平台上调用不同的native方法实
现对操作系统的访问。native关键字一般是和C/C++联合开发的时候使用。如果标明为native 要求运行时通知操作系统,这个函数必
须给我实现,JAVA需要调用。如果未实现,那么调用时会抛出一个异常java.lang.UnsatisfiedLinkError
接下来判断用户名和密码,并将其存放到Properties对象中:
1. if (user != null) {
2. ”user”, user);
3. }
4. if (password != null) {
5. ”password”, password);
6. }
if (user != null) { info.put(“user”, user); } if (password != null) { info.put(“password”, password); }
调用获取连接的另一个重载方法
getCollection(String url, java.util.Properties info, ClassLoader callerCL)
1. return
return (getConnection(url, info, callerCL));
getConnection(url, info, callerCL) 源码:
1. private static
2. String url, java.util.Properties info, ClassLoader callerCL) throws
3. java.util.Vector drivers = null;
4. synchronized(DriverManager.class) {
5. // synchronize loading of the correct classloader.
6. if(callerCL == null) {
7. callerCL = Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader();
8. }
9. }
10.
11. if(url == null) {
12. throw new SQLException(“The url cannot be null”, “08001”);
13. }
14.
15. println(”DriverManager.getConnection(/”“ + url + ”/“)”);
16.
17. if
18. initialize();
19. }
20. synchronized (DriverManager.class){
21. // use the readcopy of drivers
22. drivers = readDrivers;
23. }
24. // Walk through the loaded drivers attempting to make a connection.
25. // Remember the first exception that gets raised so we can reraise it.
26. SQLException reason = null;
27. for (int i = 0; i < drivers.size(); i++) {
28. DriverInfo di = (DriverInfo)drivers.elementAt(i);
29.
30. // If the caller does not have permission to load the driver then
31. // skip it.
32. if
33. ” skipping: ”
34. continue;
35. }
36. try
37. ” trying ”
38. Connection result = di.driver.connect(url, info);
39. if (result != null) {
40. // Success!
41. ”getConnection returning ”
42. return
43. }
44. catch
45. if (reason == null) {
46. reason = ex;
47. }
48. }
49. }
50.
51. // if we got here nobody could connect.
52. if (reason != null) {
53. ”getConnection failed: ”
54. throw
55. }
56.
57. println(”getConnection: no suitable driver found for ”+ url);
58. throw new SQLException(“No suitable driver found for ”+ url, “08001”);
59. }
private static Connection getConnection( String url, java.util.Properties info, ClassLoader callerCL) throws SQLException { java.util.Vector drivers = null; synchronized(DriverManager.class) { // synchronize loading of the correct classloader. if(callerCL == null) { callerCL = Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader(); } } if(url == null) { throw new SQLException(“The url cannot be null”, “08001”); } println(“DriverManager.getConnection(/”” + url + “/”)”); if (!initialized) { initialize(); } synchronized (DriverManager.class){ // use the readcopy of drivers drivers = readDrivers; } // Walk through the loaded drivers attempting to make a connection. // Remember the first exception that gets raised so we can reraise it. SQLException reason = null; for (int i = 0; i < drivers.size(); i++) { DriverInfo di = (DriverInfo)drivers.elementAt(i); // If the caller does not have permission to load the driver then // skip it. if ( getCallerClass(callerCL, di.driverClassName ) != di.driverClass ) { println(” skipping: ” + di); continue; } try { println(” trying ” + di); Connection result = di.driver.connect(url, info); if (result != null) { // Success! println(“getConnection returning ” + di); return (result); } } catch (SQLException ex) { if (reason == null) { reason = ex; } } } // if we got here nobody could connect. if (reason != null) { println(“getConnection failed: ” + reason); throw reason; } println(“getConnection: no suitable driver found for “+ url); throw new SQLException(“No suitable driver found for “+ url, “08001”); }
此方法代码较多,我们一步步来分析。
1、 传参
从前面的那个getConnection方法中形成的三个参数传递到这个getConnection方法中, 参数包括连接数据库的URL,包装了用户名和
密码的对象info, 通过调用原生函数返回的类装载器callerCL
2、 同步DriverManager.class
同步DriverManager的Class对象,synchronized同步的对象为DriverManager.class,是为同步正确的类加载器来加载类,在同步块
中判断传入的类装载器对象是否存在,如果为null, 通过当前线程来获取上下文类装载器,保证JDBC驱动程序类以外的rt.jar中的类
可以在这里被加载。有关于Thread和synchronized读者可以参考java多线程编程
1. synchronized(DriverManager.class) {
2. if(callerCL == null) {
3. callerCL = Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader();
4. }
5. }
synchronized(DriverManager.class) { if(callerCL == null) { callerCL = Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader(); } }
3、 判断URL,如果为null则抛出SQLException异常
判断initialized的值,如果未初始化,继续调用初始化方法,此处在第二篇中已详细解释初始化过程,初始化之后writeDrivers 和readDrivers 将会有系统所有驱动数据,接下来使用synchronized同步DriverManager.class对象, 将方法中定义的集合drivers 引用 readDrivers对象,readDrivers是从writeDrivers拷贝过来
1. if(url == null) {
2. throw new SQLException(“The url cannot be null”, “08001”);
3. }
4. println(”DriverManager.getConnection(/”“ + url + ”/“)”);
5. if
6. initialize();
7. }
8. synchronized (DriverManager.class) {
9. // use the readcopy of drivers
10. drivers = readDrivers;
11. }
if(url == null) { throw new SQLException(“The url cannot be null”, “08001”); } println(“DriverManager.getConnection(/”” + url + “/”)”); if (!initialized) { initialize(); } synchronized (DriverManager.class) { // use the readcopy of drivers drivers = readDrivers; }
4、 遍历驱动
通过for循环,遍历drivers集合,其中每个元素的类型为DriverInfo, 这个在第二篇中也有详细描述
首先取得集合中的每一个对象元素,调用getCallerClass()方法
1. for (int i = 0; i < drivers.size(); i++) {
2. DriverInfo di = (DriverInfo)drivers.elementAt(i);
3. if
4. ” skipping: ”
5. continue;
6. }
7. ……
8. }
for (int i = 0; i < drivers.size(); i++) { DriverInfo di = (DriverInfo)drivers.elementAt(i); if ( getCallerClass(callerCL, di.driverClassName ) != di.driverClass ) { println(” skipping: ” + di); continue; } …… }
getCallerClass方法源码:
1. private static
2. String driverClassName) {
3. Class callerC = null;
4. try
5. callerC = Class.forName(driverClassName, true, callerClassLoader);
6. }
7. catch
8. null;
9. }
10. return
11. }
private static Class getCallerClass(ClassLoader callerClassLoader, String driverClassName) { Class callerC = null; try { callerC = Class.forName(driverClassName, true, callerClassLoader); } catch (Exception ex) { callerC = null; } return callerC; }
这个方法返回一个Class对象,通过指定的类装载器来装载驱动类。这个方法内做得非常小心,如果出现异常都会把需要返
回的Class对象置为null.
在if语句中调用getCallerClass方法得到的Class 对象和每一个驱动的Class对象比较,不相等的话就继续执行下一次循环
,否则都调用Driver的connect方法,传入url, 和 info,通过这个方法返回Connection连接对象
1. Connection result = di.driver.connect(url, info);
Connection result = di.driver.connect(url, info);
Driver接口的实现类中的connect方法具体所做的工作将在下一篇中详述
第二篇中讲解了如何装载驱动,以及它的初始化过程。
本篇分析一下连接数据库时使用的获取数据库连接的代码:
1. DriverManager.getConnection(“jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test”,”root”,”123”);
DriverManager.getConnection(“jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test”,”root”,”123”);
DriverManager.getConnection方法有三种重载方式,这里我们使用带有三个参数的方法,第一个表示数据库的URL, 第二、三个分别
是用户名和密码。获取数据库连接如此简单,只要把三个参数准确无误的写上去,连接肯定就能获取。但是连接方法中到底给我们做
了哪些工作呢? 下面找到DriverManager类的静态方法getConnection源码一探究竟。
1. public static
2. throws
3. new java.util.Properties(); ///1
4. // Gets the classloader of the code that called this method, may
5. // be null.
6. ///2
7. if (user != null) {
8. ”user”, user);
9. }
10. if (password != null) {
11. ”password”, password);
12. }
13. return (getConnection(url, info, callerCL)); ///3
14. }
public static Connection getConnection(String url, String user, String password) throws SQLException { java.util.Properties info = new java.util.Properties(); ///1 // Gets the classloader of the code that called this method, may // be null. ClassLoader callerCL = DriverManager.getCallerClassLoader(); ///2 if (user != null) { info.put(“user”, user); } if (password != null) { info.put(“password”, password); } return (getConnection(url, info, callerCL)); ///3 }
1处定义了一个Properties对象,java.util.Properties它是用来在文件中存储键值对的,其中键和值是用等号分隔的。可以将值以
key-value的形式存入Properties.
2处调用方法getCallerClassLoader得到类装载器对象, 这个地方有点意思,既然是调用方法,怎么变成了下面这种形式呢?根本就
不见方法体。
源码:
1. private static native
private static native ClassLoader getCallerClassLoader();
getCallerClassLoader()是一个静态原生方法,返回类型为ClassLoader, 被声明为native, 说明这个方法是一个原生方法,也就是说
这个方法是用C/C++语言实现的,并且被编译成了DLL,由JAVA调用。这些函数的实体在DLL中,JDK源码并不包含,在JAVA源文件中是
找不到源代码的。不同的平台其实现也有所差异。这也是JAVA的底层机制,实际上JAVA就是在不同的平台上调用不同的native方法实
现对操作系统的访问。native关键字一般是和C/C++联合开发的时候使用。如果标明为native 要求运行时通知操作系统,这个函数必
须给我实现,JAVA需要调用。如果未实现,那么调用时会抛出一个异常java.lang.UnsatisfiedLinkError
接下来判断用户名和密码,并将其存放到Properties对象中:
1. if (user != null) {
2. ”user”, user);
3. }
4. if (password != null) {
5. ”password”, password);
6. }
if (user != null) { info.put(“user”, user); } if (password != null) { info.put(“password”, password); }
调用获取连接的另一个重载方法
getCollection(String url, java.util.Properties info, ClassLoader callerCL)
1. return
return (getConnection(url, info, callerCL));
getConnection(url, info, callerCL) 源码:
1. private static
2. String url, java.util.Properties info, ClassLoader callerCL) throws
3. java.util.Vector drivers = null;
4. synchronized(DriverManager.class) {
5. // synchronize loading of the correct classloader.
6. if(callerCL == null) {
7. callerCL = Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader();
8. }
9. }
10.
11. if(url == null) {
12. throw new SQLException(“The url cannot be null”, “08001”);
13. }
14.
15. println(”DriverManager.getConnection(/”“ + url + ”/“)”);
16.
17. if
18. initialize();
19. }
20. synchronized (DriverManager.class){
21. // use the readcopy of drivers
22. drivers = readDrivers;
23. }
24. // Walk through the loaded drivers attempting to make a connection.
25. // Remember the first exception that gets raised so we can reraise it.
26. SQLException reason = null;
27. for (int i = 0; i < drivers.size(); i++) {
28. DriverInfo di = (DriverInfo)drivers.elementAt(i);
29.
30. // If the caller does not have permission to load the driver then
31. // skip it.
32. if
33. ” skipping: ”
34. continue;
35. }
36. try
37. ” trying ”
38. Connection result = di.driver.connect(url, info);
39. if (result != null) {
40. // Success!
41. ”getConnection returning ”
42. return
43. }
44. catch
45. if (reason == null) {
46. reason = ex;
47. }
48. }
49. }
50.
51. // if we got here nobody could connect.
52. if (reason != null) {
53. ”getConnection failed: ”
54. throw
55. }
56.
57. println(”getConnection: no suitable driver found for ”+ url);
58. throw new SQLException(“No suitable driver found for ”+ url, “08001”);
59. }
private static Connection getConnection( String url, java.util.Properties info, ClassLoader callerCL) throws SQLException { java.util.Vector drivers = null; synchronized(DriverManager.class) { // synchronize loading of the correct classloader. if(callerCL == null) { callerCL = Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader(); } } if(url == null) { throw new SQLException(“The url cannot be null”, “08001”); } println(“DriverManager.getConnection(/”” + url + “/”)”); if (!initialized) { initialize(); } synchronized (DriverManager.class){ // use the readcopy of drivers drivers = readDrivers; } // Walk through the loaded drivers attempting to make a connection. // Remember the first exception that gets raised so we can reraise it. SQLException reason = null; for (int i = 0; i < drivers.size(); i++) { DriverInfo di = (DriverInfo)drivers.elementAt(i); // If the caller does not have permission to load the driver then // skip it. if ( getCallerClass(callerCL, di.driverClassName ) != di.driverClass ) { println(” skipping: ” + di); continue; } try { println(” trying ” + di); Connection result = di.driver.connect(url, info); if (result != null) { // Success! println(“getConnection returning ” + di); return (result); } } catch (SQLException ex) { if (reason == null) { reason = ex; } } } // if we got here nobody could connect. if (reason != null) { println(“getConnection failed: ” + reason); throw reason; } println(“getConnection: no suitable driver found for “+ url); throw new SQLException(“No suitable driver found for “+ url, “08001”); }
此方法代码较多,我们一步步来分析。
1、 传参
从前面的那个getConnection方法中形成的三个参数传递到这个getConnection方法中, 参数包括连接数据库的URL,包装了用户名和
密码的对象info, 通过调用原生函数返回的类装载器callerCL
2、 同步DriverManager.class
同步DriverManager的Class对象,synchronized同步的对象为DriverManager.class,是为同步正确的类加载器来加载类,在同步块
中判断传入的类装载器对象是否存在,如果为null, 通过当前线程来获取上下文类装载器,保证JDBC驱动程序类以外的rt.jar中的类
可以在这里被加载。有关于Thread和synchronized读者可以参考java多线程编程
1. synchronized(DriverManager.class) {
2. if(callerCL == null) {
3. callerCL = Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader();
4. }
5. }
synchronized(DriverManager.class) { if(callerCL == null) { callerCL = Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader(); } }
3、 判断URL,如果为null则抛出SQLException异常
判断initialized的值,如果未初始化,继续调用初始化方法,此处在第二篇中已详细解释初始化过程,初始化之后writeDrivers 和readDrivers 将会有系统所有驱动数据,接下来使用synchronized同步DriverManager.class对象, 将方法中定义的集合drivers 引用 readDrivers对象,readDrivers是从writeDrivers拷贝过来
1. if(url == null) {
2. throw new SQLException(“The url cannot be null”, “08001”);
3. }
4. println(”DriverManager.getConnection(/”“ + url + ”/“)”);
5. if
6. initialize();
7. }
8. synchronized (DriverManager.class) {
9. // use the readcopy of drivers
10. drivers = readDrivers;
11. }
if(url == null) { throw new SQLException(“The url cannot be null”, “08001”); } println(“DriverManager.getConnection(/”” + url + “/”)”); if (!initialized) { initialize(); } synchronized (DriverManager.class) { // use the readcopy of drivers drivers = readDrivers; }
4、 遍历驱动
通过for循环,遍历drivers集合,其中每个元素的类型为DriverInfo, 这个在第二篇中也有详细描述
首先取得集合中的每一个对象元素,调用getCallerClass()方法
1. for (int i = 0; i < drivers.size(); i++) {
2. DriverInfo di = (DriverInfo)drivers.elementAt(i);
3. if
4. ” skipping: ”
5. continue;
6. }
7. ……
8. }
for (int i = 0; i < drivers.size(); i++) { DriverInfo di = (DriverInfo)drivers.elementAt(i); if ( getCallerClass(callerCL, di.driverClassName ) != di.driverClass ) { println(” skipping: ” + di); continue; } …… }
getCallerClass方法源码:
1. private static
2. String driverClassName) {
3. Class callerC = null;
4. try
5. callerC = Class.forName(driverClassName, true, callerClassLoader);
6. }
7. catch
8. null;
9. }
10. return
11. }
private static Class getCallerClass(ClassLoader callerClassLoader, String driverClassName) { Class callerC = null; try { callerC = Class.forName(driverClassName, true, callerClassLoader); } catch (Exception ex) { callerC = null; } return callerC; }
这个方法返回一个Class对象,通过指定的类装载器来装载驱动类。这个方法内做得非常小心,如果出现异常都会把需要返
回的Class对象置为null.
在if语句中调用getCallerClass方法得到的Class 对象和每一个驱动的Class对象比较,不相等的话就继续执行下一次循环
,否则都调用Driver的connect方法,传入url, 和 info,通过这个方法返回Connection连接对象
1. Connection result = di.driver.connect(url, info);
Connection result = di.driver.connect(url, info);
Driver接口的实现类中的connect方法具体所做的工作将在下一篇中详述