ansibleplaybook 不提示WARNING ansible playbook when

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mob6454cc64c0a4 2024-04-03 09:12:20

在使用ansible做自动化运维的时候，免不了的要重复执行某些操作，如：添加几个用户，创建几个MySQL用户并为之赋予权限，操作某个目录下所有文件等等。好在playbook支持循环语句，可以使得某些需求很容易而且很规范的实现。

1、with_items

with_items是playbooks中最基本也是最常用的循环语句：

tasks:
- name:Secure config files
    file: path=/etc/` item ` mode=0600 owner=root group=root
    with_items:
        - my.cnf
        - shadow
        - fstab

上面例子表示，创建三个文件分别为my.cnf、shadow、fstab

也可以将文件列表提前赋值给一个变量，然后在循环语句中调用：

with_items: "{{ somelist }}"

使用with_items迭代循环的变量可以是个单纯的列表，也可以是一个较为复杂的数据结果，如字典类型：

tasks:
- name: add several users
  user: name=` item`.`name ` state=present groups=` item`.`groups `
  with_items:
    - { name: 'testuser1', groups: 'wheel' }
    - { name: 'testuser2', groups: 'root' }

2、with_nested嵌套循环

示例：

tasks:
- name: give users access to multiple databases
  mysql_user: name={{ item[0] }} priv={{ item[1] }}.*:ALL append_privs=yes password=foo
  with_nested:
    - [ 'alice', 'bob' ]
    - [ 'clientdb', 'employeedb', 'providerdb' ]

item[0]是循环的第一个列表的值['alice','bob']。item[1]是第二个列表的值。表示循环创建alice和bob两个用户，并且为其赋予在三个数据库上的所有权限。

也可以将用户列表事先赋值给一个变量：

tasks:
- name: here, 'users' contains the above list of employees
  mysql_user: name={{ item[0] }} priv={{ item[1] }}.*:ALL append_privs=yes password=foo
  with_nested:
    - "`users`"
    - [ 'clientdb', 'employeedb', 'providerdb' ]

3、with_dict

with_dict可以遍历更复杂的数据结构：

假如有如下变量内容：

users:
 
  
  alice:
 
  
    name: Alice Appleworth
 
  
    telephone: 123-456-7890
 
  
  bob:
 
  
    name: Bob Bananarama
 
  
    telephone: 987-654-3210

现在需要输出每个用户的用户名和手机号：

tasks:
 
  
  - name: Print phone records
 
  
    debug: msg="User {{ item.key }} is {{ item.value.name }} ({{ item.value.telephone }})"
 
  
    with_dict: "{{ users }}"

4、with_fileglob文件匹配遍历

可以指定一个目录，使用with_fileglob可以循环这个目录中的所有文件，示例如下：

tasks:
- name:Make key directory     
      file: path=/root/.sshkeys ensure=directory mode=0700 owner=root group=root     
- name:Upload public keys     
      copy: src=` item ` dest=/root/.sshkeys mode=0600 owner=root group=root     
      with_fileglob:
        - keys/*.pub     
- name:Assemble keys into authorized_keys file     
      assemble: src=/root/.sshkeys dest=/root/.ssh/authorized_keysmode=0600 owner=root group=root

5、with_subelement遍历子元素

假如现在需要遍历一个用户列表，并创建每个用户，而且还需要为每个用户配置以特定的SSH key登录。变量文件内容如下：

users:
  - name: alice
    authorized:
      - /tmp/alice/onekey.pub
      - /tmp/alice/twokey.pub
    mysql:
        password: mysql-password
        hosts:
          - "%"
          - "127.0.0.1"
          - "::1"
          - "localhost"
        privs:
          - "*.*:SELECT"
          - "DB1.*:ALL"
  - name: bob
    authorized:
      - /tmp/bob/id_rsa.pub
    mysql:
        password: other-mysql-password
        hosts:
          - "db1"
        privs:
          - "*.*:SELECT"
          - "DB2.*:ALL"

playbook中定义如下：

- user: name=` item`.`name ` state=present generate_ssh_key=yes
  with_items: "`users`"
- authorized_key: "user=` item`.`0`.`name ` key='{{ lookup('file', item.1) }}'"
  with_subelements:
     - users
     - authorized

也可以遍历嵌套的子列表：

- name: Setup MySQL users
  mysql_user: name=` item`.`0`.`name ` password=` item`.`0`.`mysql`.`password ` host=` item`.`1 ` priv={{ item.0.mysql.privs | join('/') }}
  with_subelements:
    - users
    - mysql.hosts

6、with_sequence循环整数序列

with_sequence可以生成一个自增的整数序列，可以指定起始值和结束值，也可以指定增长步长。参数以key=value的形式指定，format指定输出的格式。数字可以是十进制、十六进制、八进制：

- hosts: all
  tasks:
    # create groups
    - group: name=evens state=present
    - group: name=odds state=present
    # create some test users
    - user: name=` item ` state=present groups=evens
      with_sequence: start=0 end=32 format=testuser%02d
    # create a series of directories with even numbers for some reason
    - file: dest=/var/stuff/` item ` state=directory
      with_sequence: start=4 end=16 stride=2    # stride用于指定步长
    # a simpler way to use the sequence plugin
    # create 4 groups
    - group: name=group` item ` state=present
      with_sequence: count=4

7、with_random_choice随机选择

从列表中随机取一个值：

- debug: msg=` item `
  with_random_choice:
     - "go through the door"
     - "drink from the goblet"
     - "press the red button"
     - "do nothing"

8、do-Util循环

示例：

- action: shell /usr/bin/foo
  register: result
  until: result.stdout.find("all systems go") != -1
  retries: 5
  delay: 10

重复执行shell模块，当shell模块执行的命令输出内容包含"all systems go"的时候停止。重试5次，延迟时间10秒。retries默认值为3，delay默认值为5。任务的返回值为最后一次循环的返回结果。

9、循环注册变量

在循环中使用register时，保存的结果中包含results关键字，该关键字保存模块执行结果的列表

- shell: echo "` item `"
  with_items:
    - one
    - two
  register: echo

变量echo内容如下：

{
    "changed": true,
    "msg": "All items completed",
    "results": [
        {
            "changed": true,
            "cmd": "echo \"one\" ",
            "delta": "0:00:00.003110",
            "end": "2013-12-19 12:00:05.187153",
            "invocation": {
                "module_args": "echo \"one\"",
                "module_name": "shell"
            },
            "item": "one",
            "rc": 0,
            "start": "2013-12-19 12:00:05.184043",
            "stderr": "",
            "stdout": "one"
        },
        {
            "changed": true,
            "cmd": "echo \"two\" ",
            "delta": "0:00:00.002920",
            "end": "2013-12-19 12:00:05.245502",
            "invocation": {
                "module_args": "echo \"two\"",
                "module_name": "shell"
            },
            "item": "two",
            "rc": 0,
            "start": "2013-12-19 12:00:05.242582",
            "stderr": "",
            "stdout": "two"
        }
    ]
}

遍历注册变量的结果：

- name: Fail if return code is not 0
  fail:
    msg: "The command (` item`.`cmd `) did not have a 0 return code"
  when: item.rc != 0
  with_items: "`echo`.`results`"

10、with_together遍历数据并行集合

示例：

- hosts: webservers
  remote_user: root
  vars:
    alpha: [ 'a','b','c','d']
    numbers: [ 1,2,3,4 ]
  tasks:
    - debug: msg="` item`.`0 ` and ` item`.`1 `"
      with_together:
         - "` alpha `"
         - "` numbers `"

输出的结果为：

ok: [192.168.1.65] => (item=['a', 1]) => {
    "item": [
        "a", 
        1
    ], 
    "msg": "a and 1"
}
ok: [192.168.1.65] => (item=['b', 2]) => {
    "item": [
        "b", 
        2
    ], 
    "msg": "b and 2"
}
ok: [192.168.1.65] => (item=['c', 3]) => {
    "item": [
        "c", 
        3
    ], 
    "msg": "c and 3"
}
ok: [192.168.1.65] => (item=['d', 4]) => {
    "item": [
        "d", 
        4
    ], 
    "msg": "d and 4"
}

loop模块一般在下面的场景中使用