前言
在企业中,数据库高可用一直是企业的重中之重,中小企业很多都是使用mysql主从方案,一主多从,读写分离等,但是单主存在单点故障,从库切换成主库需要作改动。因此,如果是双主或者多主,就会增加mysql入口,增加高可用。不过多主需要考虑自增长ID问题,这个需要特别设置配置文件,比如双主,可以使用奇偶,总之,主之间设置自增长ID相互不冲突就能完美解决自增长ID冲突问题。
MySQL双主(主主)架构方案思路是
1.两台mysql都可读写,互为主备,默认只使用一台(masterA)负责数据的写入,另一台(masterB)备用;
2.masterA是masterB的主库,masterB又是masterA的主库,它们互为主从;
3.两台主库之间做高可用,可以采用keepalived等方案(使用VIP对外提供服务);
4.所有提供服务的从服务器与masterB进行主从同步(双主多从);
5.建议采用高可用策略的时候,masterA或masterB均不因宕机恢复后而抢占VIP(非抢占模式);
演示:MySQL双主架构实现
环境:
主1服务器端IP: 10.220.5.137
主2服务器端IP: 10.220.5.138
1.首先需要修改主服务器端配置文件
1 #my.cnf
2 [client]
3 port = 3306
4 socket = /tmp/mysql3306.sock
5
6 [mysql]
7 #prompt="\\u@\\h:\\p [\\d]>"
8 #pager="less -i -n -S"
9 #tee=/opt/mysql/query.log
10 no-auto-rehash
11
12 [mysqld]
13 #misc
14 user = mysql
15 basedir = /usr/local/mysql
16 datadir = /data/mysql/mysql3306/data
17 port = 3306
18 socket = /tmp/mysql3306.sock
19 event_scheduler = 0
20 #skip-grant
21
22 tmpdir = /data/mysql/mysql3306/tmp
23 #timeout
24 interactive_timeout = 300
25 wait_timeout = 300
26 #auto_increment_offset = 2
27 #auto_increment_increment = 2
28
29 #character set
30 character-set-server = utf8
32 open_files_limit = 65535
33 max_connections = 100
34 max_connect_errors = 100000
35 lower_case_table_names =1
36 auto_increment_offset=1 <<从1开始增长
37 auto_increment_increment=2 <<每次增长为2,即为奇数
38
39 #symi replication
40
41 #rpl_semi_sync_master_enabled=1
42 #rpl_semi_sync_master_timeout=1000 # 1 second
43 #rpl_semi_sync_slave_enabled=1
44
45 #logs
46 log-output=file
47 slow_query_log = 1
48 slow_query_log_file = slow.log
49 log-error = error.log
50 log_warnings = 2
51 pid-file = mysql.pid
52 long_query_time = 1
53 #log-slow-admin-statements = 1
54 #log-queries-not-using-indexes = 1
55 log-slow-slave-statements = 1
56
57 #binlog
58 #binlog_format = STATEMENT
59 binlog_format = row
60 server-id = 1003306
61 log-bin = /data/mysql/mysql3306/logs/mysql-bin
62 binlog_cache_size = 4M
63 max_binlog_size = 256M
64 max_binlog_cache_size = 1M
65 sync_binlog = 0
66 expire_logs_days = 10
67 #procedure
68 log_bin_trust_function_creators=1
69
70 #
71 gtid-mode = on
72 enforce-gtid-consistency=1
73
74
75 #relay log
76 skip_slave_start = 1
77 max_relay_log_size = 128M
78 relay_log_purge = 1
79 relay_log_recovery = 1
80 relay-log=relay-bin
81 relay-log-index=relay-bin.index
82 log_slave_updates
83 #slave-skip-errors=1032,1053,1062
84 #skip-grant-tables
85
86 #buffers & cache
87 table_open_cache = 2048
88 table_definition_cache = 2048
89 tabl90 max_heap_table_size = 96M
91 sort_buffer_size = 128K
92 join_buffer_size = 128K
93 thread_cache_size = 200
94 query_cache_size = 0
95 query_cache_type = 0
96 query_cache_limit = 256K
97 query_cache_min_res_unit = 512
98 thread_stack = 192K
99 tmp_table_size = 96M
100 key_buffer_size = 8M
101 read_buffer_size = 2M
102 read_rnd_buffer_size = 16M
103 bulk_insert_buffer_size = 32M
104
105 #myisam
106 myisam_sort_buffer_size = 128M
107 myisam_max_sort_file_size = 10G
108 myisam_repair_threads = 1
109
110 #innodb
111 innodb_buffer_pool_size = 100M
112 innodb_buffer_pool_instances = 1
113 innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:100M:autoextend
114 innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 2
115 innodb_log_buffer_size = 8M
116 innodb_log_file_size = 100M
117 innodb_log_files_in_group = 3
118 innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 50
119 innodb_file_per_table = 1e_open_cache = 2048
120 innodb_rollback_on_timeout
121 innodb_status_file = 1
122 innodb_io_capacity = 100
123 transaction_isolation = READ-COMMITTED
124 innodb_flush_method = O_DIRECT
2.启动mysql并创建复制用的用户
[root@ken ~]# mysqld & <<启动mysql
[4] 2896
[root@ken ~]# mysql -uroot -p <<登录mysql
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 7
Server version: 5.7.23-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to ken@'%' identified by 'xx'; <<创建复制用的用户
3.检查主2的二进制日志文件位置,在主2服务器上面执行下面的命令获取到当前二进制日志记录位置
MySQL [ken]> show master status\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
File: mysql-bin.000004
Position: 1558
Binlog_Do_DB:
Binlog_Ignore_DB:
Executed_Gtid_Set: 987ac782-d7b8-11e8-a462-000c292218ec:1-5,
c01b1811-d7b3-11e8-8698-000c29492f7b:1-3
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
4.连接到主2服务器上面
change master to master_host='10.220.5.138',master_user='ken',master_password='xx',master_log_file='mysql-bin.000004',master_log_pos=1558;
5.启动slave
mysql> start slave;
6.检查连接状态
mysql> show slave status\G
ERROR 2006 (HY000): MySQL server has gone away
No connection. Trying to reconnect...
Connection id: 8
Current database: *** NONE ***
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 10.220.5.138
Master_User: ken
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000004
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 1558
Relay_Log_File: relay-bin.000004
Relay_Log_Pos: 602
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000004
Slave_IO_Running: Yes <<IO线程启动成功
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes <<SQL线程启动成功
Replicate_Do_DB:
Replicate_Ignore_DB:
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno: 0
Last_Error:
Skip_Counter: 0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 1558
Relay_Log_Space: 803
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos: 0
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno: 0
Last_IO_Error:
Last_SQL_Errno: 0
Last_SQL_Error:
Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
Master_Server_Id: 1003307
Master_UUID: c01b1811-d7b3-11e8-8698-000c29492f7b
Master_Info_File: /data/mysql/mysql3306/data/master.info
SQL_Delay: 0
SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for more updates
Master_Retry_Count: 86400
Master_Bind:
Last_IO_Error_Timestamp:
Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp:
Master_SSL_Crl:
Master_SSL_Crlpath:
Retrieved_Gtid_Set: c01b1811-d7b3-11e8-8698-000c29492f7b:3
Executed_Gtid_Set: 987ac782-d7b8-11e8-a462-000c292218ec:1-5,
c01b1811-d7b3-11e8-8698-000c29492f7b:3
Auto_Position: 0
Replicate_Rewrite_DB:
Channel_Name:
Master_TLS_Version:
1 row in set (0.01 sec)
主1节点配置完毕,并且启动成功,下面来配置主2服务器。
1.修改主2配置文件
1 #my.cnf
2 [client]
3 port = 3306
4 socket = /tmp/mysql3306.sock
5
6 [mysql]
7 #prompt="\\u@\\h:\\p [\\d]>"
8 #pager="less -i -n -S"
9 #tee=/opt/mysql/query.log
10 no-auto-rehash
11
12 [mysqld]
13 #misc
14 user = mysql
15 basedir = /usr/local/mysql
16 datadir = /data/mysql/mysql3306/data
17 port = 3306
18 socket = /tmp/mysql3306.sock
19 event_scheduler = 0
20 #skip-grant
21
22 tmpdir = /data/mysql/mysql3306/tmp
23 #timeout
24 interactive_timeout = 300
25 wait_timeout = 300
26 #auto_increment_offset = 2
27 #auto_increment_increment = 2
28
29 #character set
30 character-set-server = utf8
32 open_files_limit = 65535
33 max_connections = 100
34 max_connect_errors = 100000
35 lower_case_table_names =1
36 auto_increment_offset=2 <<从2开始增长
37 auto_increment_increment=2 <<每次增长为2,即为偶数
38
39 #symi replication
40
41 #rpl_semi_sync_master_enabled=1
42 #rpl_semi_sync_master_timeout=1000 # 1 second
43 #rpl_semi_sync_slave_enabled=1
44
45 #logs
46 log-output=file
47 slow_query_log = 1
48 slow_query_log_file = slow.log
49 log-error = error.log
50 log_warnings = 2
51 pid-file = mysql.pid
52 long_query_time = 1
53 #log-slow-admin-statements = 1
54 #log-queries-not-using-indexes = 1
55 log-slow-slave-statements = 1
56
57 #binlog
58 #binlog_format = STATEMENT
59 binlog_format = row
60 server-id = 1003307 <<两个服务器的server_id必须不一致
61 log-bin = /data/mysql/mysql3306/logs/mysql-bin
62 binlog_cache_size = 4M
63 max_binlog_size = 256M
64 max_binlog_cache_size = 1M
65 sync_binlog = 0
66 expire_logs_days = 10
67 #procedure
68 log_bin_trust_function_creators=1
69
70 #
71 gtid-mode = on
72 enforce-gtid-consistency=1
73
74
75 #relay log
76 skip_slave_start = 1
77 max_relay_log_size = 128M
78 relay_log_purge = 1
79 relay_log_recovery = 1
80 relay-log=relay-bin
81 relay-log-index=relay-bin.index
82 log_slave_updates
83 #slave-skip-errors=1032,1053,1062
84 #skip-grant-tables
85
86 #buffers & cache
87 table_open_cache = 2048
88 table_definition_cache = 2048
89 tabl90 max_heap_table_size = 96M
91 sort_buffer_size = 128K
92 join_buffer_size = 128K
93 thread_cache_size = 200
94 query_cache_size = 0
95 query_cache_type = 0
96 query_cache_limit = 256K
97 query_cache_min_res_unit = 512
98 thread_stack = 192K
99 tmp_table_size = 96M
100 key_buffer_size = 8M
101 read_buffer_size = 2M
102 read_rnd_buffer_size = 16M
103 bulk_insert_buffer_size = 32M
104
105 #myisam
106 myisam_sort_buffer_size = 128M
107 myisam_max_sort_file_size = 10G
108 myisam_repair_threads = 1
109
110 #innodb
111 innodb_buffer_pool_size = 100M
112 innodb_buffer_pool_instances = 1
113 innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:100M:autoextend
114 innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 2
115 innodb_log_buffer_size = 8M
116 innodb_log_file_size = 100M
117 innodb_log_files_in_group = 3
118 innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 50
119 innodb_file_per_table = 1e_open_cache = 2048
120 innodb_rollback_on_timeout
121 innodb_status_file = 1
122 innodb_io_capacity = 100
123 transaction_isolation = READ-COMMITTED
124 innodb_flush_method = O_DIRECT
2.启动mysql并创建复制用的用户
[root@ken ~]# mysqld & <<启动mysql
[4] 2896
[root@ken ~]# mysql -uroot -p <<登录mysql
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 7
Server version: 5.7.23-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to ken@'%' identified by 'xx'; <<创建复制用的用户
3.检查主1的二进制日志文件位置,在主1服务器上面执行下面的命令获取到当前二进制日志记录位置
mysql> show master status\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
File: mysql-bin.000009
Position: 1526
Binlog_Do_DB:
Binlog_Ignore_DB:
Executed_Gtid_Set: 987ac782-d7b8-11e8-a462-000c292218ec:1-5,
c01b1811-d7b3-11e8-8698-000c29492f7b:3
1 row in set (0.01 sec)
4.连接到主2服务器上面
change master to master_host='10.220.5.137',master_user='ken',master_password='xx',master_log_file='mysql-bin.000009',master_log_pos=1526;
5.启动slave
mysql> start slave;
6.检查连接状态
mysql> show slave status\G
ERROR 2006 (HY000): MySQL server has gone away
No connection. Trying to reconnect...
Connection id: 8
Current database: *** NONE ***
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 10.220.5.137
Master_User: ken
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000009
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 1558
Relay_Log_File: relay-bin.000009
Relay_Log_Pos: 602
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000009
Slave_IO_Running: Yes <<IO线程启动成功
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes <<SQL线程启动成功
Replicate_Do_DB:
Replicate_Ignore_DB:
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno: 0
Last_Error:
Skip_Counter: 0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 1558
Relay_Log_Space: 803
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos: 0
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno: 0
Last_IO_Error:
Last_SQL_Errno: 0
Last_SQL_Error:
Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
Master_Server_Id: 1003307
Master_UUID: c01b1811-d7b3-11e8-8698-000c29492f7b
Master_Info_File: /data/mysql/mysql3306/data/master.info
SQL_Delay: 0
SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for more updates
Master_Retry_Count: 86400
Master_Bind:
Last_IO_Error_Timestamp:
Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp:
Master_SSL_Crl:
Master_SSL_Crlpath:
Retrieved_Gtid_Set: c01b1811-d7b3-11e8-8698-000c29492f7b:3
Executed_Gtid_Set: 987ac782-d7b8-11e8-a462-000c292218ec:1-5,
c01b1811-d7b3-11e8-8698-000c29492f7b:3
Auto_Position: 0
Replicate_Rewrite_DB:
Channel_Name:
Master_TLS_Version:
1 row in set (0.01 sec)
现在两个主服务器都已经搭建完,现在来进行测试
1.首先在主1服务器上面建表建库并插入数据
mysql> create database ken; <<创建数据库
mysql> use ken; <<切换数据库
mysql> create table tb2(id int primary key auto_increment,name char(30)); <<创建表
mysql> insert into tb2 (name) values('kk'),('kkl'),('dad'); <<插入数据
mysql> select * from tb2; <<检查数据,为奇数排列
+----+------+
| id | name |
+----+------+
| 1 | kk |
| 3 | kkl |
| 5 | dad |
2.登录主2服务器并检查是否已经有主1上面建的表库
MySQL [ken]> select * from tb2; <<同步成功
+----+------+
| id | name |
+----+------+
| 1 | kk |
| 3 | kkl |
| 5 | dad |
3.在主2服务器上面插入数据,检查数据是否会冲突以及同步到主1
MySQL [ken]> insert into tb2 (name) values('lll'),('lll'),('lll');
MySQL [ken]> select * from tb2;
+----+------+
| id | name |
+----+------+
| 1 | kk |
| 3 | kkl |
| 5 | dad |
| 6 | lll | <<偶数排序
| 8 | lll |
| 10 | lll |
+----+------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)
4.检查主1服务器是否已经同步过来
mysql> select * from tb2;
+----+------+
| id | name |
+----+------+
| 1 | kk |
| 3 | kkl |
| 5 | dad |
| 6 | lll |
| 8 | lll |
| 10 | lll |
+----+------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)
同步成功!这样就实现了mysql双主的架构.