对于分布式系统来说,分布式session是首先要解决的问题,业界目前的解决方式大概可以归纳为三种
一、Session Replication 方式管理 (即session复制)
简介:将一台机器上的Session数据广播复制到集群中其余机器上
使用场景:机器较少,网络流量较小
优点:实现简单、配置较少、当网络中有机器Down掉时不影响用户访问
缺点:广播式复制到其余机器有一定廷时,带来一定网络开销
二、Session Sticky 方式管理
简介:即粘性Session、当用户访问集群中某台机器后,强制指定后续所有请求均落到此机器上
使用场景:机器数适中、对稳定性要求不是非常苛刻
优点:实现简单、配置方便、没有额外网络开销
缺点:网络中有机器Down掉时、用户Session会丢失、容易造成单点故障
三、缓存集中式管理
简介:将Session存入分布式缓存集群中的某台机器上,当用户访问不同节点时先从缓存中拿Session信息
使用场景:集群中机器数多、网络环境复杂
优点:可靠性好
缺点:实现复杂、稳定性依赖于缓存的稳定性、Session信息放入缓存时要有合理的策略写入
第二种方式可以使用nginx的ip_hash功能来实现,很简单。今天笔者带着大家来实现基于shiro与redis的分布式session管理。
一、首先是搭建ssm、shiro、redis的框架
pom文件依赖如下:
<dependencies>
<!--Spring依赖-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
<version>5.0.0.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
<version>5.0.0.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
<version>5.0.0.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
<version>5.0.0.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
<version>5.0.0.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId>
<version>5.0.0.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>
<version>5.0.0.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
<version>5.0.0.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<!--mybatis依赖-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
<version>3.4.5</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis-spring</artifactId>
<version>1.3.1</version>
</dependency>
<!--shiro依赖-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.shiro</groupId>
<artifactId>shiro-core</artifactId>
<version>1.3.2</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.shiro</groupId>
<artifactId>shiro-spring</artifactId>
<version>1.3.2</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>5.1.30</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>druid</artifactId>
<version>1.0.14</version>
</dependency>
<!--jsp依赖-->
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
<version>2.0</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<!--jstl标签库-->
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
<version>1.2</version>
</dependency>
<!--fileupload文件下载-->
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-fileupload</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-fileupload</artifactId>
<version>1.3.2</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/commons-lang/commons-lang -->
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-lang</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-lang</artifactId>
<version>2.6</version>
</dependency>
<!--junit依赖-->
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.12</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<!--redis-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.data</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-data-redis</artifactId>
<version>1.6.1.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>redis.clients</groupId>
<artifactId>jedis</artifactId>
<version>2.7.3</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
<version>1.7.21</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
<version>1.7.21</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/com.alibaba/fastjson -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
<version>1.1.26</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/commons-beanutils/commons-beanutils -->
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-beanutils</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-beanutils</artifactId>
<version>1.8.0</version>
</dependency>
<!-- jackson -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
<artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
<version>2.9.4</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
<artifactId>jackson-annotations</artifactId>
<version>2.9.4</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
<artifactId>jackson-core</artifactId>
<version>2.9.4</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
spring的配置文件:
spring-core.xml:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd">
<import resource="classpath*:spring-mybatis.xml"/>
<import resource="classpath*:spring-redis.xml"/>
</beans>
spring-mybatis.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
<context:component-scan base-package="com.bxlsj"/>
<!-- 引入配置文件 -->
<context:property-placeholder location="classpath:*.properties" />
<bean id="dataSource" class="com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource" init-method="init" destroy-method="close">
<property name="driverClassName" value="${jdbc.jdbcDriver}"/>
<property name="url" value="${jdbc.jdbcUrl}"/>
<property name="username" value="${jdbc.jdbcUsername}"/>
<property name="password" value="${jdbc.jdbcPassword}"/>
<property name="initialSize" value="10" />
<!-- 最小空闲连接数 -->
<property name="minIdle" value="6" />
<!-- 最大并发连接数 -->
<property name="maxActive" value="50" />
<!-- 配置获取连接等待超时的时间 -->
<property name="maxWait" value="60000" />
<!-- 配置间隔多久才进行一次检测,检测需要关闭的空闲连接,单位是毫秒 -->
<property name="timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis" value="60000" />
</bean>
<bean id="sqlSessionFactory" class="org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean">
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
<property name="mapperLocations" value="classpath:mapper/*.xml"/>
</bean>
<!-- DAO接口所在包名,Spring会自动查找其下的类 -->
<bean class="org.mybatis.spring.mapper.MapperScannerConfigurer">
<property name="basePackage" value="com.bxlsj.dao" />
<property name="sqlSessionFactoryBeanName" value="sqlSessionFactory"/>
</bean>
<!-- (事务管理)transaction manager-->
<bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" />
</bean>
</beans>
spring-redis.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd">
<!-- 引入配置文件 -->
<context:property-placeholder location="classpath:*.properties" />
<!-- <bean id="propertyConfigurer" class="org.springframework.beans.factory.config.PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer">
<property name="location">
<value>classpath:redis.properties</value>
</property>
</bean> -->
<!--设置数据池-->
<bean id="poolConfig" class="redis.clients.jedis.JedisPoolConfig">
<property name="maxIdle" value="${redis.maxIdle}"></property>
<property name="minIdle" value="${redis.minIdle}"></property>
<property name="maxTotal" value="${redis.maxTotal}"></property>
<property name="maxWaitMillis" value="${redis.maxWaitMillis}"></property>
<property name="testOnBorrow" value="${redis.testOnBorrow}"></property>
</bean>
<!--链接redis-->
<bean id="connectionFactory" class="org.springframework.data.redis.connection.jedis.JedisConnectionFactory">
<property name="hostName" value="${redis.host}"></property>
<property name="port" value="${redis.port}"></property>
<property name="password" value="${redis.password}"></property>
<property name="poolConfig" ref="poolConfig"></property>
</bean>
<bean id="redisTemplate" class="org.springframework.data.redis.core.RedisTemplate" p:connection-factory-ref="connectionFactory" >
<!--以下针对各种数据进行序列化方式的选择-->
<property name="keySerializer"> <bean class="org.springframework.data.redis.serializer.StringRedisSerializer" /> </property>
<property name="valueSerializer"> <bean class="org.springframework.data.redis.serializer.StringRedisSerializer" /> </property>
<property name="hashKeySerializer"> <bean class="org.springframework.data.redis.serializer.StringRedisSerializer" /> </property>
<!--<property name="hashValueSerializer">
<bean class="org.springframework.data.redis.serializer.StringRedisSerializer" />
</property>-->
</bean>
<bean id="redisUtil" class="com.bxlsj.util.RedisUtil">
<property name="redisTemplate" ref="redisTemplate"/>
</bean>
</beans>
spring-mvc.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans
xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xmlns:task="http://www.springframework.org/schema/task"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.2.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.2.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-4.2.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/task
http://www.springframework.org/schema/task/spring-task-4.2.xsd">
<!-- 自动扫描该包,使SpringMVC认为包下用了@controller注解的类是控制器 -->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.bxlsj.controller" />
<!-- 配置MVC注解扫描 -->
<mvc:annotation-driven />
<!--开启跨域可以访问-->
<mvc:cors>
<mvc:mapping path="/**" />
</mvc:cors>
<!-- 定义跳转的文件的前后缀 ,视图模式配置-->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<!-- 这里的配置我的理解是自动给后面action的方法return的字符串加上前缀和后缀,变成一个 可用的url地址 -->
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/" />
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp" />
</bean>
<!-- 配置文件上传,如果没有使用文件上传可以不用配置,当然如果不配,那么配置文件中也不必引入上传组件包 -->
<bean id="multipartResolver" class="org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver">
<!-- 默认编码 -->
<property name="defaultEncoding" value="utf-8" />
<!-- 文件最大值 -->
<property name="maxUploadSize" value="10485760000" />
<!-- 内存中的最大值 -->
<property name="maxInMemorySize" value="40960" />
</bean>
</beans>
配置文件:
jdbc.jdbcDriver=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
jdbc.jdbcUrl=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/XXXXXX
jdbc.jdbcUsername=root
jdbc.jdbcPassword=root
jdbc.initialSize=10
jdbc.minIdle=6
jdbc.maxActive=50
jdbc.maxWait=60000
jdbc.timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis=60000
redis.maxIdle=300
redis.minIdle=100
redis.maxWaitMillis=3000
redis.testOnBorrow=true
redis.maxTotal=500
redis.host=127.0.0.1
redis.port=6379
redis.password=123abc
log4j.rootLogger=INFO,Console,File
log4j.appender.Console=org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender
log4j.appender.Console.Target=System.out
log4j.appender.Console.layout = org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.Console.layout.ConversionPattern=[%c] - %m%n
log4j.appender.File = org.apache.log4j.RollingFileAppender
log4j.appender.File.File = logs/ssm.log
log4j.appender.File.MaxFileSize = 10MB
log4j.appender.File.Threshold = ALL
log4j.appender.File.layout = org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.File.layout.ConversionPattern =[%p] [%d{yyyy-MM-dd HH\:mm\:ss}][%c]%m%n
web.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app version="2.4"
xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-app_2_4.xsd">
<!-- Spring和mybatis的配置文件 -->
<context-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:spring-core.xml</param-value>
</context-param>
<!-- 编码过滤器 -->
<filter>
<filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>encoding</param-name>
<param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
</init-param>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
<!-- Spring监听器 -->
<listener>
<listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
</listener>
<!-- 防止Spring内存溢出监听器 -->
<listener>
<listener-class>org.springframework.web.util.IntrospectorCleanupListener</listener-class>
</listener>
<!-- Spring MVC servlet -->
<servlet>
<servlet-name>SpringMVC</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:spring-mvc.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>SpringMVC</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<!--Shiro监听和过滤器-->
<filter>
<filter-name>shiroFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.DelegatingFilterProxy</filter-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>targetFilterLifecycle</param-name>
<param-value>true</param-value>
</init-param>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>shiroFilter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
<dispatcher>REQUEST</dispatcher>
<dispatcher>FORWARD</dispatcher>
<dispatcher>INCLUDE</dispatcher>
<dispatcher>ERROR</dispatcher>
</filter-mapping>
<welcome-file-list>
<welcome-file>/WEB-INF/index.jsp</welcome-file>
</welcome-file-list>
</web-app>
(二)——shiro集成