Android与服务器通信
Android与服务器通信大致分为2种，一种是http形式，一种是socket形式。下面我分别介绍这2种方法。
1、http形式
服务器端建立：
EncodingFilter.java代码如下：
package com.example;
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.Filter;
import javax.servlet.FilterChain;
import javax.servlet.FilterConfig;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
/**
* Servlet Filter implementation class EncodingFilter
*/
public class EncodingFilter implements Filter {
/**
* Default constructor.
*/
public EncodingFilter() {
}
/**
* @see Filter#destroy()
*/
public void destroy() {
}
/**
* @see Filter#doFilter(ServletRequest, ServletResponse, FilterChain)
*/
public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {
HttpServletRequest req = (HttpServletRequest) request;
if("GET".equals(req.getMethod())){
EncodingHttpServletRequest wrapper = new EncodingHttpServletRequest(req);
chain.doFilter(wrapper, response);
} else {//post
req.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
chain.doFilter(request, response);
}
}
/**
* @see Filter#init(FilterConfig)
*/
public void init(FilterConfig fConfig) throws ServletException {
}
}
EncodingHttpServletRequest.java代码如下：
package com.example;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequestWrapper;
public class EncodingHttpServletRequest extends HttpServletRequestWrapper {
private HttpServletRequest request;
public EncodingHttpServletRequest(HttpServletRequest request) {
super(request);
this.request = request;
}
@Override
public String getParameter(String name) {
String value = request.getParameter(name);
if(value!=null){
try {
value = new String(value.getBytes("ISO8859-1"),"UTF-8");
} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
return value;
}
}
Servlet.java代码如下
package com.example;
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import com.example.EncodingHttpServletRequest;
/**
* Servlet implementation class ManageServlet
*/
public class servlet extends HttpServlet {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
/**
* @see HttpServlet#HttpServlet()
*/
public servlet() {
super();
}
/**
* @see HttpServlet#doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
*/
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
String title = request.getParameter("title");
EncodingHttpServletRequest requsete = new EncodingHttpServletRequest(request);
String titlee = requsete.getParameter("title");
//把客户端传递过来的参数进行重新编码使之能支持中文
title = new String(title.getBytes("GB2312"),"UTF-8");//使用过滤器后就不需要每次都要进行此操作
String timelength = request.getParameter("timelength");
System.out.println("视频名称："+titlee);
System.out.println("播放时长："+timelength);
}
/**
* @see HttpServlet#doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
*/
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
String title = request.getParameter("title");
//把客户端传递过来的参数进行重新编码使之能支持中文
title = new String(title.getBytes("GB2312"),"UTF-8");//使用过滤器后就不需要每次都要进行此操作
String timelength = request.getParameter("timelength");
System.out.println("视频名称："+title);
System.out.println("播放时长："+timelength);
}
}
既然有servlet就不得不在web.xml中配置一下了
<servlet>
<servlet-name>servlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>com.example.servlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>servlet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/servlet</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
进行通信是必须先把服务器打开，所以先把servlet用tomcat打开，
http://localhost:8080/http_service/servlet
服务器设置好了，再开发android客户端。
Http_androidActivity.java代码
package com.example.newsmanage;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.os.Bundle;
public class Http_androidActivity extends Activity {
/** Called when the activity is first created. */
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.main);
}
}
NewsManageActivity.java代码
package com.example.newsmanage;
import com.example.service.NewsService;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.EditText;
import android.widget.Toast;
public class NewsManageActivity extends Activity {
/** Called when the activity is first created. */
EditText titleText;
EditText lengthText;
Button button;
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.main);
titleText = (EditText) this.findViewById(R.id.title);
lengthText = (EditText) this.findViewById(R.id.timelength);
button = (Button) this.findViewById(R.id.button);
}
public void save(View v) throws Exception{
String title = titleText.getText().toString();
String timelength = lengthText.getText().toString();
boolean result = NewsService.save(title,timelength);
if(result){
Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), R.string.success, Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
} else {
Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), R.string.fail, Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
}
}
}
NewsService.java代码
package com.example.service;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.URL;
import java.net.URLEncoder;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.NameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.client.entity.UrlEncodedFormEntity;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.DefaultHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.message.BasicNameValuePair;
public class NewsService {
/**
* 保存数据，传递参数给web服务器端
* @param title 标题
* @param timelength 时长
* @return
*/
public static boolean save(String title, String timelength) throws Exception {
//119.119.228.5为本机IP地址，不能用localhost代替
String path = "http://192.168.1.5:8080/http_service/servlet";
Map<String,String> params = new HashMap<String,String>();
params.put("title", title);
params.put("timelength", timelength);
//get请求方式
return sendGETRequest(path,params,"UTF-8");
//post请求方式
//return sendPOSTRequest(path,params,"UTF-8");
//httpClient请求方式，如果单纯传递参数的话建议使用GET或者POST请求方式
//return sendHttpClientPOSTRequest(path,params,"UTF-8");//httpclient已经集成在android中
}
/**
* 通过HttpClient发送post请求
* @param path
* @param params
* @param encoding
* @return
* @throws Exception
*/
private static boolean sendHttpClientPOSTRequest(String path,
Map<String, String> params, String encoding) throws Exception {
List<NameValuePair> pairs = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>();//存放请求参数
for(Map.Entry<String, String> entry:params.entrySet()){
pairs.add(new BasicNameValuePair(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue()));
}
//防止客户端传递过去的参数发生乱码，需要对此重新编码成UTF-8
UrlEncodedFormEntity entity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(pairs,encoding);
HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(path);
httpPost.setEntity(entity);
DefaultHttpClient client = new DefaultHttpClient();
HttpResponse response = client.execute(httpPost);
if(response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == 200){
return true;
}
return false;
}
/**
* 放松post请求
* @param path 请求路径
* @param params 请求参数
* @param encoding 编码
* @return 请求是否成功
*/
private static boolean sendPOSTRequest(String path,
Map<String, String> params, String encoding) throws Exception{
StringBuilder data = new StringBuilder(path);
for(Map.Entry<String, String> entry:params.entrySet()){
data.append(entry.getKey()).append("=");
//防止客户端传递过去的参数发生乱码，需要对此重新编码成UTF-8
data.append(URLEncoder.encode(entry.getValue(),encoding));
data.append("&");
}
data.deleteCharAt(data.length() - 1);
byte[] entity = data.toString().getBytes();//得到实体数据
HttpURLConnection conn = (HttpURLConnection) new URL(path).openConnection();
conn.setConnectTimeout(5000);
conn.setRequestMethod("POST");
conn.setDoOutput(true);//设置为允许对外输出数据
conn.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded");
conn.setRequestProperty("Content-Length", String.valueOf(entity.length));
OutputStream outStream = conn.getOutputStream();
outStream.write(entity);//写到缓存
if(conn.getResponseCode()==200){//只有取得服务器返回的http协议的任何一个属性时才能把请求发送出去
return true;
}
return false;
}
/**
* 发送GET请求
* @param path 请求路径
* @param params 请求参数
* @return 请求是否成功
* @throws Exception
*/
private static boolean sendGETRequest(String path,
Map<String, String> params,String encoding) throws Exception {
StringBuilder url = new StringBuilder(path);
url.append("?");
for(Map.Entry<String, String> entry:params.entrySet()){
url.append(entry.getKey()).append("=");
//get方式请求参数时对参数进行utf-8编码，URLEncoder
//防止客户端传递过去的参数发生乱码，需要对此重新编码成UTF-8
url.append(URLEncoder.encode(entry.getValue(), encoding));
url.append("&");
}
url.deleteCharAt(url.length()-1);
HttpURLConnection conn = (HttpURLConnection) new URL(url.toString()).openConnection();
conn.setConnectTimeout(5000);
conn.setRequestMethod("GET");
if(conn.getResponseCode() == 200){
return true;
}
return false;
}
}
Main.xml代码如下
<?xmlversion="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayoutxmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="fill_parent"
android:orientation="vertical" >
<TextView
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="@string/title" />
<EditText
android:id="@+id/title"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content" >
<requestFocus/>
</EditText>
<TextView
android:id="@+id/textView1"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="@string/timelength" />
<EditText
android:id="@+id/timelength"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:numeric="integer"/>
<Button
android:id="@+id/button"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="@string/button" android:onClick="save"/>
</LinearLayout>
AndroidManifest.xml代码如下
<?xmlversion="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifestxmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
package="com.example.newsmanage"
android:versionCode="1"
android:versionName="1.0" >
<uses-sdkandroid:minSdkVersion="7" />
<application
android:icon="@drawable/ic_launcher"
android:label="@string/app_name" >
<activity
android:name=".NewsManageActivity"
android:label="@string/app_name" >
<intent-filter>
<actionandroid:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
<categoryandroid:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
</intent-filter>
</activity>
</application>
<uses-permissionandroid:name="android.permission.INTERNET"/>
</manifest>
开发好后就开始测试吧，先运行android客户端，这里服务器端不接收中文的，你可以设置一下编码格式的。
点击发送，在服务器端就会接收到发送过来的信息
测试成功。
2、现在开发socket案例
服务器端比较简单，只要建一个java文件就可以了，一直运行着就可以了。
socket_service.java
package example;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.BufferedWriter;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.OutputStreamWriter;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
public class socket_service implements Runnable
{
public void run()
{
try
{
//创建ServerSocket
ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(54321);
while (true)
{
//接受客户端请求
Socket client = serverSocket.accept();
System.out.println("accept");
try
{
//接收客户端消息
BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(client.getInputStream()));
System.out.print("\n");
String str = in.readLine();
System.out.println("read:" + str);
//向服务器发送消息
PrintWriter out = new PrintWriter( new BufferedWriter( new OutputStreamWriter(client.getOutputStream())),true);
out.println("server ");
//关闭流
out.close();
in.close();
}
catch (Exception e)
{
System.out.println(e.getMessage());
e.printStackTrace();
}
finally
{
//关闭
client.close();
System.out.println("close");
}
}
}
catch (Exception e)
{
System.out.println(e.getMessage());
}
}
//main函数，开启服务器
public static void main(String args[])
{
Thread desktopServerThread = new Thread(new socket_service());
desktopServerThread.start();
}
}
Android客户端
Activity01.java代码
package com.example.socket;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.BufferedWriter;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.OutputStreamWriter;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.net.Socket;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.EditText;
import android.widget.TextView;
public class Activity01 extends Activity
{
private final String DEBUG_TAG = "Activity01";
private TextView mTextView = null;
private EditText mEditText = null;
private Button mButton = null;
/** Called when the activity is first created. */
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState)
{
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.main);
mButton = (Button)findViewById(R.id.Button01);
mTextView = (TextView)findViewById(R.id.TextView01);
mEditText = (EditText)findViewById(R.id.EditText01);
//登陆
mButton.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener()
{
public void onClick(View v)
{
Socket socket = null;
String message = mEditText.getText().toString() + "/r/n";
try
{
//创建Socket
socket = new Socket("192.168.1.2",54321);
//socket = new Socket("10.14.114.127",54321); //IP：10.14.114.127，端口54321
//向服务器发送消息
PrintWriter out = new PrintWriter( new BufferedWriter( new OutputStreamWriter(socket.getOutputStream())),true);
out.println(message+"wmy");
//接收来自服务器的消息
BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(socket.getInputStream()));
String msg = br.readLine();
if ( msg != null )
{
mTextView.setText(msg);
}
else
{
mTextView.setText("数据错误!");
}
//关闭流
out.close();
br.close();
//关闭Socket
socket.close();
}
catch (Exception e)
{
// TODO: handle exception
Log.e(DEBUG_TAG, e.toString());
}
}
});
}
}
Socket_androidActivity.java代码
package com.example.socket;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.os.Bundle;
public class Socket_androidActivity extends Activity {
/** Called when the activity is first created. */
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.main);
}
}
Main.xml代码
<?xmlversion="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayoutxmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:orientation="vertical"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="fill_parent"
>
<TextView
android:id="@+id/TextView01"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="杩欓噷鏄剧ず鎺ユ敹鍒版湇鍔″櫒鍙戞潵鐨勪俊鎭�
/>
<EditText
android:id="@+id/EditText01"
android:text="杈撳叆瑕佸彂閫佺殑鍐呭"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content">
</EditText>
<Button
android:id="@+id/Button01"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="鍙戦�"
/>
</LinearLayout>
AndroidManifest.xml
<?xmlversion="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifestxmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
package="com.example.socket"
android:versionCode="1"
android:versionName="1.0" >
<uses-sdkandroid:minSdkVersion="7" />
<application
android:icon="@drawable/ic_launcher"
android:label="@string/app_name" >
<activity
android:name=".Activity01"
android:label="@string/app_name" >
<intent-filter>
<actionandroid:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
<categoryandroid:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
</intent-filter>
</activity>
</application>
<uses-permissionandroid:name="android.permission.INTERNET"></uses-permission>
</manifest>
开发好了就行测试吧
前后对比一下
服务器端：
希望对大家有用
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