何为am指令
Android自带的命令也有些linux本身没有，而android特有的。例如android的am命令，am命令常见使用方法如下： am [subcommand] [options]，即命令后面跟着一个子命令，因为是子命令而不是参数，所以不用加-，而后面的参数就需要加-，比如am start -a *，start在这里就是子命令，-a在这里就是参数。
直接去看下am的代码Am.java。每次在shell环境下执行am即启动一个线程执行Am.java的主函数，这个主函数的主要实现都在run方法里面，am命令后面带的参数会当做运行时参数传递个主方法，后面会根据传入的参数不同，执行不同的条件分支。可以看到当参数的个数小于1的时候，就执行showUsage()方法，即说明am命令使用方式的方法，并且有最常用的参数intent的详细使用说明。am命令中最常用到的是start命令，下面来看下这个命令的执行过程。
代码根据第一个参数判断是否是start子命令，进入private void runStart() throws Exception方法，接着进入执行解析参数的关键方法 private Intent makeIntent(int defUser) throws URISyntaxException里面。makeIntent里面用while循环根据传入的参数一点一点的配置即将使用的intent，大的比如intent的action，data小的比如flag，参数等。回到runStart方法，首先是检查am start是否接着-S（stop）参数，如果不是就跨进程调用am服务执行命令。到这里am及其start子命令的执行过程基本介绍完了。
am指令查看
命令窗口通过adb shell 进入android 的Linux命令界面，输入am -help看到如下信息：
am指令使用
我们可以通过命令启动android中的Activity，Service，BroadcastReceiver 等组件
- 拨打一个电话：
am start -a android.intent.action.CALL -d tel:10086
这里-a表示动作，-d表述传入的数据，还有-t表示传入的类型。 - 打开一个网页：
am start -a android.intent.action.VIEW -d http://www.baidu.com （这里-d表示传入的data） - 打开音乐播放器：
am start -a android.intent.action.MUSIC_PLAYER 或者
am start -n com.android.music/om.android.music.MusicBrowserActivity
（包名和应用名可以在Androidmanifest.xml文件查看到） - 启动一个服务：
am startservice <服务名称>
例如：am startservice -n com.android.music/com.android.music.MediaPlaybackService (这里-n表示组件)
或者 am startservice -a com.smz.myservice (这里-a表示动作，就是你在Androidmanifest里定义的) - 发送一个广播：
am broadcast -a <广播动作>
例如： am broadcast -a com.smz.mybroadcast - 还可放在代码中操作。
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注：在SDK17之后，由于权限的问题，要记得在加上 –USER 0
例如：AM BROADCAST –USER 0 -A COM.EXAMPLE.TEST
am指令全集
目标文件在\frameworks\base\cmds\am\src\com\android\commands\am
usage: am [subcommand] [options]
usage: am start [-D] [-W] [-P ] [–start-profiler ]
[–R COUNT] [-S] [–opengl-trace]
[–user | current]
am startservice [–user | current]
am stopservice [–user | current]
am force-stop [–user | all | current]
am kill [–user | all | current]
am kill-all
am broadcast [–user | all | current]
am instrument [-r] [-e ] [-p ] [-w]
[–user | current]
[–no-window-animation]
am profile start [–user current]
am profile stop [–user current] []
am dumpheap [–user current] [-n]
am set-debug-app [-w] [–persistent]
am clear-debug-app
am monitor [–gdb ]
am hang [–allow-restart]
am restart
am idle-maintenance
am screen-compat [on|off]
am to-uri [INTENT]
am to-intent-uri [INTENT]
am switch-user
am stop-user
am stack create
am stack movetask [true|false]
am stack resize
am stack boxes
am stack box am start: start an Activity. Options are:
-D: enable debugging
-W: wait for launch to complete
–start-profiler : start profiler and send results to
-P : like above, but profiling stops when app goes idle
-R: repeat the activity launch times. Prior to each repeat,
the top activity will be finished.
-S: force stop the target app before starting the activity
–opengl-trace: enable tracing of OpenGL functions
–user | current: Specify which user to run as; if not
specified then run as the current user. am startservice: start a Service. Options are:
–user | current: Specify which user to run as; if not
specified then run as the current user. am stopservice: stop a Service. Options are:
–user | current: Specify which user to run as; if not
specified then run as the current user. am force-stop: force stop everything associated with .
–user | all | current: Specify user to force stop;
all users if not specified. am kill: Kill all processes associated with . Only kills.
processes that are safe to kill – that is, will not impact the user
experience.
–user | all | current: Specify user whose processes to kill;
all users if not specified. am kill-all: Kill all background processes.
am broadcast: send a broadcast Intent. Options are:
–user | all | current: Specify which user to send to; if not
specified then send to all users.
–receiver-permission : Require receiver to hold permission. am instrument: start an Instrumentation. Typically this target
is the form /. Options are:
-r: print raw results (otherwise decode REPORT_KEY_STREAMRESULT). Use with
[-e perf true] to generate raw output for performance measurements.
-e : set argument to . For test runners a
common form is [-e [,…]].
-p : write profiling data to
-w: wait for instrumentation to finish before returning. Required for
test runners.
–user | current: Specify user instrumentation runs in;
current user if not specified.
–no-window-animation: turn off window animations while running. am profile: start and stop profiler on a process. The given argument
may be either a process name or pid. Options are:
–user | current: When supplying a process name,
specify user of process to profile; uses current user if not specified. am dumpheap: dump the heap of a process. The given argument may
be either a process name or pid. Options are:
-n: dump native heap instead of managed heap
–user | current: When supplying a process name,
specify user of process to dump; uses current user if not specified. am set-debug-app: set application to debug. Options are:
-w: wait for debugger when application starts
–persistent: retain this value am clear-debug-app: clear the previously set-debug-app.
am bug-report: request bug report generation; will launch UI
when done to select where it should be delivered. am monitor: start monitoring for crashes or ANRs.
–gdb: start gdbserv on the given port at crash/ANR am hang: hang the system.
–allow-restart: allow watchdog to perform normal system restart am restart: restart the user-space system.
am idle-maintenance: perform idle maintenance now.
am screen-compat: control screen compatibility mode of .
am to-uri: print the given Intent specification as a URI.
am to-intent-uri: print the given Intent specification as an intent: URI.
am switch-user: switch to put USER_ID in the foreground, starting
execution of that user if it is currently stopped. am stop-user: stop execution of USER_ID, not allowing it to run any
code until a later explicit switch to it. am stack create: create a new stack relative to an existing one.
: the task to populate the new stack with. Must exist.
: existing stack box’s id.
: 0: before , per RTL/LTR configuration,
1: after , per RTL/LTR configuration,
2: to left of ,
3: to right of , 4: above , 5: below
: float between 0.2 and 0.8 inclusive. am stack movetask: move from its current stack to the top (true) or bottom (false) of .
am stack resize: change relative size to new .
am stack boxes: list the hierarchy of stack boxes and their contents.
am stack box: list the hierarchy of stack boxes rooted at .
specifications include these flags and arguments:
[-a ] [-d ] [-t ]
[-c [-c ] …]
[-e|–es …]
[–esn …]
[–ez …]
[–ei …]
[–el …]
[–ef …]
[–eu …]
[–ecn ]
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