@Autowired注解我们实际工作和学习中，用的是比较频繁的。先了解下@Autowired注解，
1、可以对Bean类成员变量、方法及构造函数进行标注，完成依赖注入的自动装配工作。使用@Autowired可以省略Bean类的待依赖注入对象的set方法，@Autowired默认情况下按照依赖注入对象的类型自动进行匹配。加入@Autowired注解的方式是在Bean类依赖注入对象的前面加上@Autowired语句。
2、@Autowired还提供required的属性，用来处理当注入的Bean实例不存在的情况。required为true时，如果注入的Bean实例不存在，程序会抛出异常；required为false时，如果注入的Bean实例不存在，程序会忽略。由于默认情况下@Autowired是按类型匹配的(byType)，如果需要按名称(byName)匹配，可以使用@Qualifier注解与@Autowired结合。
下面结合源码了解它的实际工作过程即是怎么把我们需要的类注入到我们类中的。@Autowired注入过程，实际上分为三个方面：1、元信息解析；2、依赖查找；3、依赖注入（字段、方法）。
元信息解析，在处理过程中，有一个类叫DependencyDescriptor,比如说我们的依赖描述器或者依赖描述符，那个里面就记录了我们注入的对象是关于那个字段，比如说我的字段名称以及它的字段相关的元信息，就是我们说java发射一个field字段，这个部分了解完之后它就会把相关的信息包括类所有的信息全部加入进来，帮助我们去分析，包括它的一个字段类型或者方法里面参数类型等等，
依赖查找，依赖查找其实就是依赖处理
依赖注入，@autowired可以注入在字段和方法里面，
这个就是@Autowired的一个操作思路：解析谁要进行注入==》查找依赖的来源==》注入的一个对象。
现在还是上源码，注意看注释部分
一、@Autowired的源码，通过源码可以看到他可以应用在方法、字段、注解等
@Target({ElementType.CONSTRUCTOR, ElementType.METHOD, ElementType.PARAMETER, ElementType.FIELD, ElementType.ANNOTATION_TYPE})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
public @interface Autowired {
/**
* Declares whether the annotated dependency is required.
* <p>Defaults to {@code true}.
*/
boolean required() default true;
}二、注解的实现类：AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor，通过它的构造方法，可以看到它不仅支持@Autowired还支持@Value注解。
public class AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor extends InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessorAdapter
implements MergedBeanDefinitionPostProcessor, PriorityOrdered, BeanFactoryAware {
//省略部分代码
/**
* Create a new {@code AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor} for Spring's
* standard {@link Autowired @Autowired} and {@link Value @Value} annotations.
* <p>Also supports JSR-330's {@link javax.inject.Inject @Inject} annotation,
* if available.
*/
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
public AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor() {
this.autowiredAnnotationTypes.add(Autowired.class);
this.autowiredAnnotationTypes.add(Value.class);
try {
this.autowiredAnnotationTypes.add((Class<? extends Annotation>)
ClassUtils.forName("javax.inject.Inject", AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.class.getClassLoader()));
logger.trace("JSR-330 'javax.inject.Inject' annotation found and supported for autowiring");
}
catch (ClassNotFoundException ex) {
// JSR-330 API not available - simply skip.
}
}
}三、还是AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor，它实现了接口类MergedBeanDefinitionPostProcessor的方法postProcessMergedBeanDefinition，这个方法是合并我们定义类的信息，比如：一个类集成了其它类，这个方法会把父类属性和信息合并到子类中。代码如下：
@Override
public void postProcessMergedBeanDefinition(RootBeanDefinition beanDefinition, Class<?> beanType, String beanName) {
//查找注解的元信息，传入了bean的名称、类型
InjectionMetadata metadata = findAutowiringMetadata(beanName, beanType, null);
metadata.checkConfigMembers(beanDefinition);
}
/**
*
*查找注解元信息
*/
private InjectionMetadata findAutowiringMetadata(String beanName, Class<?> clazz, @Nullable PropertyValues pvs) {
// Fall back to class name as cache key, for backwards compatibility with custom callers.
//先读缓存
String cacheKey = (StringUtils.hasLength(beanName) ? beanName : clazz.getName());
// Quick check on the concurrent map first, with minimal locking.
InjectionMetadata metadata = this.injectionMetadataCache.get(cacheKey);
if (InjectionMetadata.needsRefresh(metadata, clazz)) {
synchronized (this.injectionMetadataCache) {
metadata = this.injectionMetadataCache.get(cacheKey);
if (InjectionMetadata.needsRefresh(metadata, clazz)) {
if (metadata != null) {
metadata.clear(pvs);
}
//把查找出来的元信息进行构建
metadata = buildAutowiringMetadata(clazz);
this.injectionMetadataCache.put(cacheKey, metadata);
}
}
}
return metadata;
}
//构建注解元信息
private InjectionMetadata buildAutowiringMetadata(final Class<?> clazz) {
//判断是否符合条件注解类型（@AutoWired和@Value）
if (!AnnotationUtils.isCandidateClass(clazz, this.autowiredAnnotationTypes)) {
return InjectionMetadata.EMPTY;
}
List<InjectionMetadata.InjectedElement> elements = new ArrayList<>();
Class<?> targetClass = clazz;
do {
final List<InjectionMetadata.InjectedElement> currElements = new ArrayList<>();
//先处理注解字段
ReflectionUtils.doWithLocalFields(targetClass, field -> {
//是不是要找的字段
MergedAnnotation<?> ann = findAutowiredAnnotation(field);
if (ann != null) {
//静态字段不支持@Autowired
if (Modifier.isStatic(field.getModifiers())) {
if (logger.isInfoEnabled()) {
logger.info("Autowired annotation is not supported on static fields: " + field);
}
return;
}
boolean required = determineRequiredStatus(ann);
currElements.add(new AutowiredFieldElement(field, required));
}
});
//再处理注解方法
ReflectionUtils.doWithLocalMethods(targetClass, method -> {
Method bridgedMethod = BridgeMethodResolver.findBridgedMethod(method);
if (!BridgeMethodResolver.isVisibilityBridgeMethodPair(method, bridgedMethod)) {
return;
}
MergedAnnotation<?> ann = findAutowiredAnnotation(bridgedMethod);
if (ann != null && method.equals(ClassUtils.getMostSpecificMethod(method, clazz))) {
//@Autowired不支持静态方法
if (Modifier.isStatic(method.getModifiers())) {
if (logger.isInfoEnabled()) {
logger.info("Autowired annotation is not supported on static methods: " + method);
}
return;
}
if (method.getParameterCount() == 0) {
if (logger.isInfoEnabled()) {
logger.info("Autowired annotation should only be used on methods with parameters: " +
method);
}
}
boolean required = determineRequiredStatus(ann);
PropertyDescriptor pd = BeanUtils.findPropertyForMethod(bridgedMethod, clazz);
currElements.add(new AutowiredMethodElement(method, required, pd));
}
});
elements.addAll(0, currElements);
targetClass = targetClass.getSuperclass();
}
while (targetClass != null && targetClass != Object.class);
return InjectionMetadata.forElements(elements, clazz);
}
/**
* Class representing injection information about an annotated field.
*/
private class AutowiredFieldElement extends InjectionMetadata.InjectedElement {
private final boolean required;
private volatile boolean cached = false;
@Nullable
private volatile Object cachedFieldValue;
public AutowiredFieldElement(Field field, boolean required) {
super(field, null);
this.required = required;
}
@Override
protected void inject(Object bean, @Nullable String beanName, @Nullable PropertyValues pvs) throws Throwable {
Field field = (Field) this.member;
Object value;
if (this.cached) {
value = resolvedCachedArgument(beanName, this.cachedFieldValue);
}
else {
DependencyDescriptor desc = new DependencyDescriptor(field, this.required);
desc.setContainingClass(bean.getClass());
Set<String> autowiredBeanNames = new LinkedHashSet<>(1);
Assert.state(beanFactory != null, "No BeanFactory available");
TypeConverter typeConverter = beanFactory.getTypeConverter();
try {
value = beanFactory.resolveDependency(desc, beanName, autowiredBeanNames, typeConverter);
}
catch (BeansException ex) {
throw new UnsatisfiedDependencyException(null, beanName, new InjectionPoint(field), ex);
}
synchronized (this) {
if (!this.cached) {
if (value != null || this.required) {
this.cachedFieldValue = desc;
registerDependentBeans(beanName, autowiredBeanNames);
if (autowiredBeanNames.size() == 1) {
String autowiredBeanName = autowiredBeanNames.iterator().next();
if (beanFactory.containsBean(autowiredBeanName) &&
beanFactory.isTypeMatch(autowiredBeanName, field.getType())) {
this.cachedFieldValue = new ShortcutDependencyDescriptor(
desc, autowiredBeanName, field.getType());
}
}
}
else {
this.cachedFieldValue = null;
}
this.cached = true;
}
}
}
if (value != null) {
ReflectionUtils.makeAccessible(field);
field.set(bean, value);
}
}
}
/**
* Class representing injection information about an annotated method.
*/
private class AutowiredMethodElement extends InjectionMetadata.InjectedElement {
private final boolean required;
private volatile boolean cached = false;
@Nullable
private volatile Object[] cachedMethodArguments;
public AutowiredMethodElement(Method method, boolean required, @Nullable PropertyDescriptor pd) {
super(method, pd);
this.required = required;
}
@Override
protected void inject(Object bean, @Nullable String beanName, @Nullable PropertyValues pvs) throws Throwable {
if (checkPropertySkipping(pvs)) {
return;
}
Method method = (Method) this.member;
Object[] arguments;
if (this.cached) {
// Shortcut for avoiding synchronization...
arguments = resolveCachedArguments(beanName);
}
else {
int argumentCount = method.getParameterCount();
arguments = new Object[argumentCount];
DependencyDescriptor[] descriptors = new DependencyDescriptor[argumentCount];
Set<String> autowiredBeans = new LinkedHashSet<>(argumentCount);
Assert.state(beanFactory != null, "No BeanFactory available");
TypeConverter typeConverter = beanFactory.getTypeConverter();
for (int i = 0; i < arguments.length; i++) {
MethodParameter methodParam = new MethodParameter(method, i);
DependencyDescriptor currDesc = new DependencyDescriptor(methodParam, this.required);
currDesc.setContainingClass(bean.getClass());
descriptors[i] = currDesc;
try {
Object arg = beanFactory.resolveDependency(currDesc, beanName, autowiredBeans, typeConverter);
if (arg == null && !this.required) {
arguments = null;
break;
}
arguments[i] = arg;
}
catch (BeansException ex) {
throw new UnsatisfiedDependencyException(null, beanName, new InjectionPoint(methodParam), ex);
}
}
synchronized (this) {
if (!this.cached) {
if (arguments != null) {
DependencyDescriptor[] cachedMethodArguments = Arrays.copyOf(descriptors, arguments.length);
registerDependentBeans(beanName, autowiredBeans);
if (autowiredBeans.size() == argumentCount) {
Iterator<String> it = autowiredBeans.iterator();
Class<?>[] paramTypes = method.getParameterTypes();
for (int i = 0; i < paramTypes.length; i++) {
String autowiredBeanName = it.next();
if (beanFactory.containsBean(autowiredBeanName) &&
beanFactory.isTypeMatch(autowiredBeanName, paramTypes[i])) {
cachedMethodArguments[i] = new ShortcutDependencyDescriptor(
descriptors[i], autowiredBeanName, paramTypes[i]);
}
}
}
this.cachedMethodArguments = cachedMethodArguments;
}
else {
this.cachedMethodArguments = null;
}
this.cached = true;
}
}
}
if (arguments != null) {
try {
ReflectionUtils.makeAccessible(method);
method.invoke(bean, arguments);
}
catch (InvocationTargetException ex) {
throw ex.getTargetException();
}
}
}
@Nullable
private Object[] resolveCachedArguments(@Nullable String beanName) {
Object[] cachedMethodArguments = this.cachedMethodArguments;
if (cachedMethodArguments == null) {
return null;
}
Object[] arguments = new Object[cachedMethodArguments.length];
for (int i = 0; i < arguments.length; i++) {
arguments[i] = resolvedCachedArgument(beanName, cachedMethodArguments[i]);
}
return arguments;
}
}这个方法找到了所有需要注解注入的元信息并进行解析，这个过程也是一个依赖查找过程。至于注入的过程是怎么调用的呐，接下来看这个方法：
//属性处理过程，元信息查找、解析、注入
@Override
public PropertyValues postProcessProperties(PropertyValues pvs, Object bean, String beanName) {
//元信息查找、解析，在上一步已经分析过了
InjectionMetadata metadata = findAutowiringMetadata(beanName, bean.getClass(), pvs);
try {
//进行注入
metadata.inject(bean, beanName, pvs);
}
catch (BeanCreationException ex) {
throw ex;
}
catch (Throwable ex) {
throw new BeanCreationException(beanName, "Injection of autowired dependencies failed", ex);
}
return pvs;
}
public void inject(Object target, @Nullable String beanName, @Nullable PropertyValues pvs) throws Throwable {
Collection<InjectedElement> checkedElements = this.checkedElements;
Collection<InjectedElement> elementsToIterate =
(checkedElements != null ? checkedElements : this.injectedElements);
if (!elementsToIterate.isEmpty()) {
for (InjectedElement element : elementsToIterate) {
if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
logger.trace("Processing injected element of bean '" + beanName + "': " + element);
}
//注入
element.inject(target, beanName, pvs);
}
}
}
/**
* Either this or {@link #getResourceToInject} needs to be overridden.
*/
protected void inject(Object target, @Nullable String requestingBeanName, @Nullable PropertyValues pvs)
throws Throwable {
//字段注入
if (this.isField) {
Field field = (Field) this.member;
//设置字段权限为可以访问权限
ReflectionUtils.makeAccessible(field);
field.set(target, getResourceToInject(target, requestingBeanName));
}
else {//方法注入
if (checkPropertySkipping(pvs)) {
return;
}
try {
Method method = (Method) this.member;
//设置方法权限为可以访问权限
ReflectionUtils.makeAccessible(method);
method.invoke(target, getResourceToInject(target, requestingBeanName));
}
catch (InvocationTargetException ex) {
throw ex.getTargetException();
}
}
}经过上述分析，@Autowired注解，先通过postProcessMergedBeanDefinition方法->findAutowiringMetadata方法分析查找元信息，并且经过反射写入类信息，再次通过inject方法进行注入。
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