spring 框架分析 pdf spring框架实战项目

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数据小香 2024-06-25 08:59:24

文章标签 spring 框架分析 pdf java 测试 web.xml spring 文章分类 架构后端开发

以下是一个最简单的示例

1、新建一个标准的javaweb项目

spring 框架分析 pdf spring框架实战项目_spring

2、导入spring所需的一些基本的jar包

spring 框架分析 pdf spring框架实战项目_spring_02

3、配置web.xml文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app version="2.5" 
	xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" 
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee 
	http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd">
	<!-- 应用程序Spring上下文配置 -->
	<context-param>
		<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
		<param-value>
			classpath*:applicationContext*.xml,
		</param-value>
	</context-param>

	<!-- spring上下文加载监听器 -->
	<listener>
		<listener-class>
			org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener
		</listener-class>
	</listener>
  <welcome-file-list>
    <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
  </welcome-file-list>
</web-app>

4、添加spring配置文件applicationContext

spring 框架分析 pdf spring框架实战项目_测试_03

5、对applicationContext.xml文件做最简单的配置

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"

	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 

	xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd"

	default-lazy-init="false" default-autowire="byName">
	<bean id="user" class="com.po.User">
		<property name="name" value="张三"/>
	</bean>
</beans>

beans —— xml文件的根节点。

xmlns ——是XML NameSpace的缩写，因为XML文件的标签名称都是自定义的，自己写的和其他人定义的标签很有可能会重复命名，而功能却不一样，所以需要加上一个namespace来区分这个xml文件和其他的xml文件，类似于java中的package。

xmlns:xsi ——是指xml文件遵守xml规范，xsi全名：xml schema instance，是指具体用到的schema资源文件里定义的元素所准守的规范。即/spring-beans-2.0.xsd这个文件里定义的元素遵守什么标准。

xsi:schemaLocation——是指，本文档里的xml元素所遵守的规范，schemaLocation 属性用来引用(schema)模式文档，解析器可以在需要的情况下使用这个文档对 XML 实例文档进行校验。它的值(URI)是成对出现的，第一个值表示命名空间，第二个值则表示描述该命名空间的模式文档的具体位置，两个值之间以空格分隔。

6、新建一个实体类User.java

spring 框架分析 pdf spring框架实战项目_spring 框架分析 pdf_04

package com.po;

public class User {
	private String name;
	private String age;
	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}
	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}
	public String getAge() {
		return age;
	}
	public void setAge(String age) {
		this.age = age;
	}
}

7、测试

public static void main(String[] args) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		ApplicationContext ac = new FileSystemXmlApplicationContext("config/applicationContext.xml");
		User user =(User)ac.getBean("user");
		System.out.println(user.getName());
	}

输出

spring 框架分析 pdf spring框架实战项目_java_05

这就实现web项目搭建基础spring框架。接下来就做一些真正项目中会用到的一些扩展

可以在web.xml中配置一些spring框架集成的功能或其他设置

<!-- 字符编码过滤器，必须放在过滤器的最上面 -->
	<filter>
		<filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
		<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
		<init-param>
			<param-name>forceEncoding</param-name>
			<param-value>true</param-value>
		</init-param>
		<init-param>
			<param-name>encoding</param-name>
			<param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
		</init-param>
	</filter>
	<filter-mapping>
		<filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
		<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
	</filter-mapping>

	<!-- 配置延迟加载时使用OpenSessionInView-->
	<filter>
		<filter-name>openSessionInViewFilter</filter-name>
		<filter-class>
		org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.support.OpenSessionInViewFilter
		</filter-class>
		<init-param>
			<param-name>singleSession</param-name>
			<param-value>true</param-value>
		</init-param>
		<init-param>
			<param-name>sessionFactoryBeanName</param-name>
			<!--指定对Spring配置中哪个sessionFactory使用OpenSessionInView-->
			<param-value>sessionFactory</param-value>
		</init-param>
	</filter>

	<filter-mapping>
		<filter-name>openSessionInViewFilter</filter-name>
		<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
	</filter-mapping>
	<!-- spring security过滤器 org.springframework.web.filter.DelegatingFilterProxy（委托过滤器代理）-->
        <!-- 使用springSecurity或apache shiro就会用到这个过滤器，-->
	<filter>
		<filter-name>springSecurityFilterChain</filter-name>
		<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.DelegatingFilterProxy</filter-class>
	</filter>
	<filter-mapping>
		<filter-name>springSecurityFilterChain</filter-name>
		<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
	</filter-mapping>
<!-- 声明 Spring MVC DispatcherServlet -->
	<servlet>
		<servlet-name>springDispatcher</servlet-name>
		<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
		<init-param>
			<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
			<param-value>classpath*:spring-mvc.xml</param-value>
		</init-param>
        <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup> 
	</servlet>

	<!-- map all requests for /* to the dispatcher servlet -->
	<servlet-mapping>
		<servlet-name>springDispatcher</servlet-name>
		<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
	</servlet-mapping>
<!-- 配置出错页面 -->
	<error-page>
		<error-code>404</error-code>
		<location>errorpage/404.jsp</location>
	</error-page>
	<!-- 401错误 -->
	<error-page>
		<error-code>401</error-code>
		<location>/errorpage/401.html</location>
	</error-page>
<!-- 为每个jsp页面引入taglib.jspf等文件 -->
	<jsp-config>
		<taglib>
			<taglib-uri>/WEB-INF/runqianReport4.tld</taglib-uri>
			<taglib-location>/WEB-INF/runqianReport4.tld</taglib-location> 
		</taglib>
		<jsp-property-group>
			<url-pattern>*.jsp</url-pattern>
			<page-encoding>UTF-8</page-encoding>
			<include-prelude>/tag/taglib.jspf</include-prelude>
			<!--<trim-directive-whitespaces>true</trim-directive-whitespaces> -->
		</jsp-property-group>
	</jsp-config>

其中jspf就是做一些全局的声明

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
<span style="white-space:pre">	</span>pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core"%>
<%@ taglib prefix="fn" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/functions"%>
<%@ taglib prefix="fmt" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/fmt"%>
<%@ taglib prefix="fnc" uri="/WEB-INF/tlds/fnc.tld" %>
<%@ taglib tagdir="/WEB-INF/tags" prefix="mytag"%>
<c:set var="ctx" scope="session"
<span style="white-space:pre">	</span>value="${pageContext.request.contextPath}" />

可以在applicationContext.xml中配置更多的功能

<!-- beans可以添加更多声明 -->
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"

	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:jee="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee"

	xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"

	xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"

	xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"

	xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd

	http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee/spring-jee.xsd 

	http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.0.xsd 

	http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.0.xsd

	http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd

	http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.0.xsd"

	default-lazy-init="false" default-autowire="byName">
<!-- 使用注解定义切面 -->
	<aop:aspectj-autoproxy />

	<mvc:annotation-driven /> 
<!-- spring 注释代替配置，自动扫描的基础包，将扫描该包以及所有子包下的所有类需要把controller去掉，否则影响事务管理 -->

	<context:component-scan base-package="com.schoolnet">
		<context:exclude-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller" />
	</context:component-scan>
<!-- 配置系统properties配置文件 -->
<bean id="propertyConfigurer"
		class="org.springframework.beans.factory.config.PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer">
		<property name="fileEncoding" value="UTF-8" />
		<property name="locations">
			<list>
				<value>classpath:jdbc.properties</value>
			</list>
		</property>
	</bean>
<!-- 数据源配置 -->
	<bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource"

		destroy-method="close">

		<property name="driverClass" value="${jdbc.driverClassName}" />

		<property name="jdbcUrl" value="${jdbc.url}" />

		<property name="user" value="${jdbc.username}" />

		<property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}" />

		<property name="minPoolSize">

			<value>1</value>

		</property>

		<property name="maxPoolSize" value="100" />

		<property name="initialPoolSize" value="3" />

		<!--最大空闲时间,60秒内未使用则连接被丢弃。若为0则永不丢弃。Default: 0 -->

		<property name="maxIdleTime" value="60" />

		<!--当连接池中的连接耗尽的时候c3p0一次同时获取的连接数。Default: 3 -->

		<property name="acquireIncrement" value="5" />

		<property name="maxStatements" value="0" />

		<!--每60秒检查所有连接池中的空闲连接。Default: 0 -->

		<property name="idleConnectionTestPeriod" value="60" />

		<!--定义在从数据库获取新连接失败后重复尝试的次数。Default: 30 -->

		<property name="acquireRetryAttempts" value="30" />

		<!-- 获取连接失败将会引起所有等待连接池来获取连接的线程抛出异常。但是数据源仍有效 保留，并在下次调用getConnection()的时候继续尝试获取连接。如果设为true，那么在尝试 

			获取连接失败后该数据源将申明已断开并永久关闭。Default: false -->

		<property name="breakAfterAcquireFailure" value="false" />

		<!-- 因性能消耗大请只在需要的时候使用它。如果设为true那么在每个connection提交的 时候都将校验其有效性。建议使用idleConnectionTestPeriod或automaticTestTable 

			等方法来提升连接测试的性能。Default: false -->

		<property name="testConnectionOnCheckout" value="false" />

	</bean>	
<!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务）-->
<!-- 支持 @Transactional 标记 -->
<!-- 方式一：DataSourceTransactionManager -->
	<bean id="transactionManager"

		class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">

		<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" />

	</bean> 
	<tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager"/>  

<!-- 方式二：hibernateTransactionManager -->
	<bean id="hibernateTransactionManager"

		class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">

		<property name="sessionFactory">

			<ref local="sessionFactory" />

		</property>

	</bean>
	<!-- 配置hibernate的session工厂 -->

	<bean id="sessionFactory"
		class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
		<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" />
		<property name="lobHandler" ref="lobHandler"/>
		<property name="mappingLocations">
			<list>
				<value>classpath*:/com/schoolnet/**/*.hbm.xml</value>
			</list>
		</property>
		<property name="hibernateProperties">
			<props>
				<!-- 解决在Oracle多个表空间表名相同导致hibernate不会自动生成表 -->
				<prop key="hibernate.default_schema">${jdbc.username}</prop>
				<prop key="hibernate.dialect">
					org.hibernate.dialect.Oracle10gDialect
				</prop>
				<prop key="hibernate.show_sql">true</prop>
				<!--解决内存泄漏问题 -->
				<prop key="hibernate.generate_statistics">false</prop>
				<prop key="hibernate.connection.release_mode">
					auto
				</prop>
				<prop key="hibernate.autoReconnect">true</prop>
				<prop key="hibernate.cache.provider_class">
					org.hibernate.cache.EhCacheProvider
				</prop>
				<!--解决内存泄漏问题 -->
				<prop key="hibernate.cache.use_query_cache">false</prop>
				<prop key="use_second_level_cache">false</prop>
				 <prop key="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto">update</prop>
				<prop key="current_session_context_class">thread</prop>
			</props>
		</property>
		<property name="eventListeners">
			<map>
				<entry key="merge">
					<bean
						class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.support.IdTransferringMergeEventListener" />
				</entry>
			</map>
		</property>
	</bean>
<!--2.配置Hibernate事务特性 -->
	<tx:advice id="txAdvice" transaction-manager="hibernateTransactionManager">
		<tx:attributes>
			<tx:method name="save*" propagation="REQUIRED" rollback-for="Exception" />
			<tx:method name="add*" propagation="REQUIRED" rollback-for="Exception" />
			<tx:method name="update*" propagation="REQUIRED" rollback-for="Exception" />
			<tx:method name="modify*" propagation="REQUIRED" rollback-for="Exception" />
			<tx:method name="del*" propagation="REQUIRED" rollback-for="Exception" />
			<tx:method name="start*" propagation="REQUIRED" rollback-for="Exception" />
			<tx:method name="stop*" propagation="REQUIRED" rollback-for="Exception" />
			<tx:method name="assign*" propagation="REQUIRED" rollback-for="Exception" />
			<tx:method name="clear*" propagation="REQUIRED" rollback-for="Exception" />
			<tx:method name="execute*" propagation="REQUIRED" rollback-for="Exception" />
			<tx:method name="insert*" propagation="REQUIRED" rollback-for="Exception" />
			<tx:method name="do*" propagation="REQUIRED" rollback-for="Exception" />
			<tx:method name="set*" propagation="REQUIRED" rollback-for="Exception" />
			<tx:method name="*N" propagation="NEVER" />
   			<tx:method name="*" read-only="true"/>
		</tx:attributes>
	</tx:advice>
<!-- 配置那些类的方法进行事务管理 -->
	<aop:config>
		<aop:advisor pointcut="execution(* com.eshine..*.service.*.*(..))"
			advice-ref="txAdvice" />
	</aop:config>

spring-mvc.xml文件配置

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:jee="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee"
	xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" 
	xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
	http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee/spring-jee.xsd 
	http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.0.xsd 
	http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.0.xsd
	http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd
	http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.0.xsd">

	<context:component-scan base-package="com.schoolnet" use-default-filters="false">
		<context:include-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller" />
	</context:component-scan>
	<mvc:annotation-driven />
	<mvc:default-servlet-handler />
	<!-- jsp视图解析器 -->
	<bean id="jspViewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
		<property name="prefix" value="/" />
		<property name="suffix" value=".jsp" />
		<property name="order" value="0" />
		<property name="contentType" value="text/html;charset=UTF-8" />
	</bean>
     <!--多文上传，限制1G文件 -->
	<bean id="multipartResolver" class="org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver">
		<property name="maxUploadSize" value="1073741824" />
	</bean>
</beans>

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