Spring boot 下缓存使用 (最下方附带源码)
常用注解
几个注解常用参数
常用的cache SpEL表达式
使用缓存的步骤
1.开启缓存
1、开启基于注解的缓存 @EnableCaching (在主程序class中添加此注解)
2、标注缓存注解即可
@Cacheable
@CacheEvict
@CachePut
默认使用的是ConcurrentMapCacheManager==ConcurrentMapCache;将数据保存在 ConcurrentMap<Object, Object>中
开发中使用缓存中间件;redis、memcached、ehcache;
原理:
acheAutoConfiguration
2、缓存的配置类
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.cache.GenericCacheConfiguration
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.cache.JCacheCacheConfiguration
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.cache.EhCacheCacheConfiguration
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.cache.HazelcastCacheConfiguration
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.cache.InfinispanCacheConfiguration
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.cache.CouchbaseCacheConfiguration
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.cache.RedisCacheConfiguration
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.cache.CaffeineCacheConfiguration
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.cache.GuavaCacheConfiguration
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.cache.SimpleCacheConfiguration【默认】
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.cache.NoOpCacheConfiguration
3、哪个配置类默认生效:SimpleCacheConfiguration;
CacheManager:ConcurrentMapCacheManager
5、可以获取和创建ConcurrentMapCache类型的缓存组件;他的作用将数据保存在ConcurrentMap中;
3. 运行流程:
所有缓存使用都在Service层下
抽取缓存公共配置
@Service
@CacheConfig(cacheNames="emp"/*,cacheManager = "employeeCacheManager"*/) //抽取缓存的公共配置
@Cacheable:
@Cacheable(value = {"emp"}/*,keyGenerator = "myKeyGenerator",condition = "#a0>1",unless = "#a0==2"*/)
public Employee getEmp(Integer id){
System.out.println("查询"+id+"号员工");
Employee emp = employeeMapper.getEmpById(id);
return emp;
}
1、方法运行之前,先去查询Cache(缓存组件),按照cacheNames指定的名字获取;
(CacheManager先获取相应的缓存),第一次获取缓存如果没有Cache组件会自动创建。
2、去Cache中查找缓存的内容,使用一个key,默认就是方法的参数;
key是按照某种策略生成的;默认是使用keyGenerator生成的,默认使用SimpleKeyGenerator生成key;
SimpleKeyGenerator生成key的默认策略;
没有参数;key=new SimpleKey();
如果有一个参数:key=参数的值
如果有多个参数:key=new SimpleKey(params);
3、没有查到缓存就调用目标方法;
4、将目标方法返回的结果,放进缓存中
@Cacheable标注的方法执行之前先来检查缓存中有没有这个数据,默认按照参数的值作为key去查询缓存,
如果没有就运行方法并将结果放入缓存;以后再来调用就可以直接使用缓存中的数据;
核心:
1)、使用CacheManager【ConcurrentMapCacheManager】按照名字得到Cache【ConcurrentMapCache】组件
2)、key使用keyGenerator生成的,默认是SimpleKeyGenerator
几个属性:
cacheNames/value:指定缓存组件的名字;将方法的返回结果放在哪个缓存中,是数组的方式,可以指定多个缓存;
key:缓存数据使用的key;可以用它来指定。默认是使用方法参数的值 1-方法的返回值
编写SpEL; #i d;参数id的值 #a0 #p0 #root.args[0]
getEmp[2]
keyGenerator:key的生成器;可以自己指定key的生成器的组件id
key/keyGenerator:二选一使用;
cacheManager:指定缓存管理器;或者cacheResolver指定获取解析器
condition:指定符合条件的情况下才缓存;
,condition = "#id>0"
condition = "#a0>1":第一个参数的值》1的时候才进行缓存
unless:否定缓存;当unless指定的条件为true,方法的返回值就不会被缓存;可以获取到结果进行判断
unless = "#result == null"
unless = "#a0==2":如果第一个参数的值是2,结果不缓存;
sync:是否使用异步模式
@param id
@return
@CachePut:
既调用方法,又更新缓存数据;同步更新缓存
修改了数据库的某个数据,同时更新缓存;
运行时机:
1、先调用目标方法
2、将目标方法的结果缓存起来
测试步骤:
1、查询1号员工;查到的结果会放在缓存中;
key:1 value:lastName:张三
2、以后查询还是之前的结果
3、更新1号员工;【lastName:zhangsan;gender:0】
将方法的返回值也放进缓存了;
key:传入的employee对象 值:返回的employee对象;
4、查询1号员工
应该是更新后的员工;
key = "#employee.id":使用传入的参数的员工id;
key = "#result.id":使用返回后的id
@Cacheable的key是不能用#result
@CachePut(/*value = "emp",*/key = "#result.id")
public Employee updateEmp(Employee employee){
System.out.println("updateEmp:"+employee);
employeeMapper.updateEmp(employee);
return employee;
}
@CacheEvict
缓存清除
key:指定要清除的数据
allEntries = true:指定清除这个缓存中所有的数据
beforeInvocation = false:缓存的清除是否在方法之前执行
默认代表缓存清除操作是在方法执行之后执行;如果出现异常缓存就不会清除
beforeInvocation = true:
代表清除缓存操作是在方法运行之前执行,无论方法是否出现异常,缓存都清除
@CacheEvict(value="emp",beforeInvocation = true/*key = "#id",*/)
public void deleteEmp(Integer id){
System.out.println("deleteEmp:"+id);
//employeeMapper.deleteEmpById(id);
int i = 10/0;
}
@Caching
定义复杂的缓存规则
同时按不同规格生成缓存
@Caching(
cacheable = {
@Cacheable(/*value="emp",*/key = "#lastName")
},
put = {
@CachePut(/*value="emp",*/key = "#result.id"),
@CachePut(/*value="emp",*/key = "#result.email")
}
)
public Employee getEmpByLastName(String lastName){
return employeeMapper.getEmpByLastName(lastName);
}
源码
数据库 使用mysql
SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=0;
-- ----------------------------
-- Table structure for department
-- ----------------------------
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `department`;
CREATE TABLE `department` (
`id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`departmentName` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
-- ----------------------------
-- Table structure for employee
-- ----------------------------
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `employee`;
CREATE TABLE `employee` (
`id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`lastName` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
`email` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
`gender` int(2) DEFAULT NULL,
`d_id` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
主程序
Springboot01CacheApplication类
@MapperScan("com.cws.cache.mapper")//mapper包位置
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableCaching
public class Springboot01CacheApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(Springboot01CacheApplication.class, args);
}
}
bean 类
package com.cws.cache.bean;
import java.io.Serializable;
public class Employee implements Serializable {
private Integer id;
private String lastName;
private String email;
private Integer gender; //性别 1男 0女
private Integer dId;
public Employee() {
super();
}
public Employee(Integer id, String lastName, String email, Integer gender, Integer dId) {
super();
this.id = id;
this.lastName = lastName;
this.email = email;
this.gender = gender;
this.dId = dId;
}
public Integer getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(Integer id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getLastName() {
return lastName;
}
public void setLastName(String lastName) {
this.lastName = lastName;
}
public String getEmail() {
return email;
}
public void setEmail(String email) {
this.email = email;
}
public Integer getGender() {
return gender;
}
public void setGender(Integer gender) {
this.gender = gender;
}
public Integer getdId() {
return dId;
}
public void setdId(Integer dId) {
this.dId = dId;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Employee [id=" + id + ", lastName=" + lastName + ", email=" + email + ", gender=" + gender + ", dId="
+ dId + "]";
}
}
mpper
package com.cws.cache.mapper;
import com.cws.cache.bean.Employee;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.*;
@Mapper
public interface EmployeeMapper {
@Select("SELECT * FROM employee WHERE id = #{id}")
public Employee getEmpById(Integer id);
@Update("UPDATE employee SET lastName=#{lastName},email=#{email},gender=#{gender},d_id=#{dId} WHERE id=#{id}")
public void updateEmp(Employee employee);
@Delete("DELETE FROM employee WHERE id=#{id}")
public void deleteEmpById(Integer id);
@Insert("INSERT INTO employee(lastName,email,gender,d_id) VALUES(#{lastName},#{email},#{gender},#{dId})")
public void insertEmployee(Employee employee);
@Select("SELECT * FROM employee WHERE lastName = #{lastName}")
Employee getEmpByLastName(String lastName);
}
service
package com.cws.cache.service;
import com.cws.cache.bean.Employee;
import com.cws.cache.mapper.EmployeeMapper;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.cache.annotation.*;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
@CacheConfig(cacheNames="emp"/*,cacheManager = "employeeCacheManager"*/) //抽取缓存的公共配置
@Service
public class EmployeeService {
@Autowired
EmployeeMapper employeeMapper;
@Cacheable(value = {"emp"}/*,keyGenerator = "myKeyGenerator",condition = "#a0>1",unless = "#a0==2"*/)
public Employee getEmp(Integer id){
System.out.println("查询"+id+"号员工");
Employee emp = employeeMapper.getEmpById(id);
return emp;
}
@CachePut(/*value = "emp",*/key = "#result.id")
public Employee updateEmp(Employee employee){
System.out.println("updateEmp:"+employee);
employeeMapper.updateEmp(employee);
return employee;
}
@Caching(
cacheable = {
@Cacheable(/*value="emp",*/key = "#lastName")
},
put = {
@CachePut(/*value="emp",*/key = "#result.id"),
@CachePut(/*value="emp",*/key = "#result.email")
}
)
public Employee getEmpByLastName(String lastName){
return employeeMapper.getEmpByLastName(lastName);
}
}
controller
package com.cws.cache.controller;
import com.cws.cache.bean.Employee;
import com.cws.cache.service.EmployeeService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
@RestController
public class EmployeeController {
@Autowired
EmployeeService employeeService;
@GetMapping("/emp/{id}")
public Employee getEmployee(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
Employee employee = employeeService.getEmp(id);
return employee;
}
@GetMapping("/emp")
public Employee update(Employee employee){
Employee emp = employeeService.updateEmp(employee);
return emp;
}
@GetMapping("/delemp")
public String deleteEmp(Integer id){
employeeService.deleteEmp(id);
return "success";
}
@GetMapping("/emp/lastname/{lastName}")
public Employee getEmpByLastName(@PathVariable("lastName") String lastName){
return employeeService.getEmpByLastName(lastName);
}
}