WPF控件模板、数据模板、容器样式选择器

WPF控件模板

利用Tag来绑定控件模板内容

<!--模板定义-->
<Style x:Key="ButtonStyle1" TargetType="{x:Type Button}">
            <Setter Property="Template">
                <Setter.Value>
                    <ControlTemplate TargetType="{x:Type Button}">
                        <Border x:Name="border" >
                            <UniformGrid Rows="2" Columns="1">
                            <TextBlock Text="{TemplateBinding Tag}" Background="Orange"/>
                            <ContentPresenter x:Name="contentPresenter"/>
                            </UniformGrid>
                        </Border>
                    </ControlTemplate>
                </Setter.Value>
            </Setter>
        </Style>
<!--使用-->
<Button Style="{DynamicResource ButtonStyle1}" Height="60" Width="100" Tag="内部text">
            ddd 
</Button>

ItemsControl是基类，ListBox等都是继承自ItemsControl。ItemsControl里面有一个DataTemplate属性，可以定义数据模板

DataTemplate

<Window x:Class="WpfApp13.MainWindow"
        xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
        xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
        xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"
        xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"
        xmlns:local="clr-namespace:WpfApp13"
        mc:Ignorable="d"
        Title="MainWindow" Height="250" Width="400">
    <Window.Resources>
        <x:Array x:Key="datas" Type="local:Person">
            <local:Person Name="Tom1" Age="10" Top="10" Left="10"/>
            <local:Person Name="Tom2" Age="10" Top="30" Left="20"/>
            <local:Person Name="Tom3" Age="10" Top="50" Left="30"/>
            <local:Person Name="Tom4" Age="10" Top="70" Left="40"/>
            <local:Person Name="Tom5" Age="10" Top="90" Left="50"/>
            <local:Person Name="Tom5" Age="10" Top="110" Left="60"/>
            <local:Person Name="Tom5" Age="10" Top="130" Left="70"/>
        </x:Array>
    </Window.Resources>

    <StackPanel>
        <ListView ItemsSource="{StaticResource datas}" Height="218">
            <ListView.ItemsPanel>
                <ItemsPanelTemplate>
                    <Canvas/>
                    <!--下面的ItemTemplate在这个容器中展示，默认是stackPanel-->
                    <!--但是并在不是直接在这个容器中展示，而是中间还有一层ContentPresenter-->
                </ItemsPanelTemplate>
            </ListView.ItemsPanel>

             <!--Canvas.Left等属性必须在这里设定而不能在下面的ItemTemplate-->
             <!--原因就是因为中间Canvas和ItemTemplate中间还有一层ContentPresenter-->
            <ListView.ItemContainerStyle>
                <Style TargetType="ListViewItem">
                    <Setter Property="Canvas.Left" Value="{Binding Left}"/>
                    <Setter Property="Canvas.Top"  Value="{Binding Top}"/>

                </Style>
            </ListView.ItemContainerStyle>

            <ListView.ItemTemplate>
                <DataTemplate>
                    <Grid>
                        <Grid.ColumnDefinitions>
                            <ColumnDefinition/>
                            <ColumnDefinition/>
                            <ColumnDefinition/>
                        </Grid.ColumnDefinitions>
                        <TextBlock Text="{Binding Name}" Grid.Column="0"/>
                        <TextBlock Text="===" Grid.Column="1"/>
                        <TextBlock Text="{Binding Age}" Grid.Column="2" />
                    </Grid>
                </DataTemplate>
            </ListView.ItemTemplate>
        </ListView>
    </StackPanel>
</Window>

筛选数据

使用DataTrigger筛选数据

<Window x:Class="WpfApp12.MainWindow"
     xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
        xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
        xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"
        xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"
        xmlns:local="clr-namespace:WpfApp12"
        mc:Ignorable="d"
        Title="MainWindow" Height="450" Width="400">
    <Window.Resources>
        <x:Array Type="local:Person" x:Key="datas">
            <local:Person Name="Hello" Age="20" Gender="1"/>
            <local:Person Name="Zhaoxi" Age="21" Gender="2"/>
            <local:Person Name="Jovan" Age="22" Gender="1"/>
            <local:Person Name="Jovan" Age="22" Gender="1"/>
            <local:Person Name="Jovan" Age="18" Gender="1"/>
            <local:Person Name="Jovan" Age="24" Gender="1"/>
            <local:Person Name="Jovan" Age="24" Gender="1"/>
            <local:Person Name="Jovan" Age="24" Gender="1"/>
            <local:Person Name="Jovan" Age="24" Gender="1"/>
            <local:Person Name="Jovan" Age="24" Gender="1"/>
            <local:Person Name="Jovan" Age="24" Gender="1"/>
            <local:Person Name="Jovan" Age="24" Gender="1"/>
            <local:Person Name="Jovan" Age="24" Gender="1"/>
            <local:Person Name="Jovan" Age="24" Gender="1"/>
            <local:Person Name="Jovan" Age="24" Gender="1"/>
            <local:Person Name="Jovan" Age="24" Gender="1"/>
            <local:Person Name="Jovan" Age="24" Gender="1"/>
            <local:Person Name="Jovan" Age="24" Gender="1"/>
        </x:Array>
    </Window.Resources>
    <Grid>
        <ListView ItemsSource="{StaticResource datas}" >
            <ListView.ItemsPanel>
                <ItemsPanelTemplate>
                    <StackPanel />
                </ItemsPanelTemplate>
            </ListView.ItemsPanel>

            <ListView.ItemContainerStyle>
                <Style TargetType="ListViewItem">
                    <Style.Triggers>
                        <!--在Style里面设置筛选-->
                        <!--使用DataTrigger筛选-->
                        <DataTrigger Binding="{Binding Age}" Value="20">
                            <Setter Property="Background" Value="Yellow"/>
                        </DataTrigger>
                    </Style.Triggers>
                </Style>
            </ListView.ItemContainerStyle>

            <ListView.ItemTemplate>
                <DataTemplate>
                    <StackPanel Orientation="Horizontal">
                        <TextBlock Text="{Binding Name}"/>
                        <TextBlock Text="{Binding Age}" />
                        <TextBlock Text="{Binding Gender}"/>
                    </StackPanel>
                </DataTemplate>
            </ListView.ItemTemplate>
        </ListView>
    </Grid>
</Window>

数据模板选择器

但是使用DataTrigger功能比较少，如果要选择某个区间的数据，可以使用模板选择器

新建​​ListViewItemTemplateSelector​​​类，该类继承自​​DataTemplateSelector​​

class ListViewItemTemplateSelector : DataTemplateSelector
{
    public DataTemplate NormalTemplate { get; set; }
    public DataTemplate AlarmTemplate { get; set; }

    /// <summary>
    /// 
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="item">每个控件子项所对应的数据子项</param>
    /// <param name="container"></param>
    /// <returns>当前的这个子项可使用的数据模板</returns>
    public override DataTemplate SelectTemplate(object item, DependencyObject container)
    {
        var person = item as Person;
        if (person.Age > 21)
        {
            return AlarmTemplate;
        }
        return NormalTemplate;
    }
}

xml

<Window x:Class="WpfApp12.MainWindow"
        xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
        xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
        xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"
        xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"
        xmlns:local="clr-namespace:WpfApp12"
        mc:Ignorable="d"
        Title="MainWindow" Height="450" Width="400">
    <Window.Resources>
        <x:Array Type="local:Person" x:Key="datas">
            <local:Person Name="Hello" Age="20" Gender="1"/>
            <local:Person Name="Zhaoxi" Age="21" Gender="2"/>
            <local:Person Name="Jovan" Age="22" Gender="1"/>
            <local:Person Name="Jovan" Age="22" Gender="1"/>
            <local:Person Name="Jovan" Age="18" Gender="1"/>
            <local:Person Name="Jovan" Age="24" Gender="1"/>
            <local:Person Name="Jovan" Age="24" Gender="1"/>
            <local:Person Name="Jovan" Age="24" Gender="1"/>
            <local:Person Name="Jovan" Age="24" Gender="1"/>
            <local:Person Name="Jovan" Age="24" Gender="1"/>
            <local:Person Name="Jovan" Age="24" Gender="1"/>
            <local:Person Name="Jovan" Age="24" Gender="1"/>
            <local:Person Name="Jovan" Age="24" Gender="1"/>
            <local:Person Name="Jovan" Age="24" Gender="1"/>
            <local:Person Name="Jovan" Age="24" Gender="1"/>
            <local:Person Name="Jovan" Age="24" Gender="1"/>
            <local:Person Name="Jovan" Age="24" Gender="1"/>
            <local:Person Name="Jovan" Age="24" Gender="1"/>
        </x:Array>
        
        <!--设置两个DataTemplae供选择器选择-->
        <DataTemplate x:Key="NormalTemp">
            <Grid>
                <Grid.ColumnDefinitions>
                    <ColumnDefinition/>
                    <ColumnDefinition/>
                    <ColumnDefinition/>
                </Grid.ColumnDefinitions>
                <TextBlock Text="{Binding Name}" Background="Yellow"/>
                <TextBlock Text="{Binding Age}" Grid.Column="1"/>
                <TextBlock Text="{Binding Gender}" Grid.Column="2"/>
            </Grid>
        </DataTemplate>
        <DataTemplate x:Key="AlarmTemp">
            <Grid>
                <Grid.ColumnDefinitions>
                    <ColumnDefinition/>
                    <ColumnDefinition/>
                    <ColumnDefinition/>
                </Grid.ColumnDefinitions>
                <TextBlock Text="{Binding Name}"/>
                <TextBlock Text="{Binding Age}" Grid.Column="1"/>
                <TextBlock Text="{Binding Gender}" Grid.Column="2"/>
            </Grid>
        </DataTemplate>


    </Window.Resources>
    <Grid>
        <ListView ItemsSource="{StaticResource datas}" >
            <ListView.ItemTemplateSelector>
                <!--设置两个属性-->
                <local:ListViewItemTemplateSelector NormalTemplate="{StaticResource NormalTemp}" AlarmTemplate="{StaticResource AlarmTemp}"/>
            </ListView.ItemTemplateSelector>
        </ListView>
    </Grid>
</Window>

容器样式选择器

也可以使用样式选择器

先创建一个ListViewStyleSelector类，继承自StyleSelector

class ListViewStyleSelector : StyleSelector
{
    public Style NormalStyle { get; set; }
    public Style AlarmStyle { get; set; }
    public override Style SelectStyle(object item, DependencyObject container)
    {
        var person = item as Person;
        if (person.Age > 21)
        {
            return AlarmStyle;
        }
        return NormalStyle;
    }
}

XAML

<Window x:Class="WpfApp12.MainWindow"
        xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
        xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
        xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"
        xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"
        xmlns:local="clr-namespace:WpfApp12"
        mc:Ignorable="d"
        Title="MainWindow" Height="450" Width="400">
    <Window.Resources>
        <x:Array Type="local:Person" x:Key="datas">
            <local:Person Name="Hello" Age="20" Gender="1"/>
            <local:Person Name="Zhaoxi" Age="21" Gender="2"/>
            <local:Person Name="Jovan" Age="22" Gender="1"/>
            <local:Person Name="Jovan" Age="22" Gender="1"/>
            <local:Person Name="Jovan" Age="18" Gender="1"/>
            <local:Person Name="Jovan" Age="24" Gender="1"/>
            <local:Person Name="Jovan" Age="24" Gender="1"/>
            <local:Person Name="Jovan" Age="24" Gender="1"/>
            <local:Person Name="Jovan" Age="24" Gender="1"/>
            <local:Person Name="Jovan" Age="24" Gender="1"/>
            <local:Person Name="Jovan" Age="24" Gender="1"/>
            <local:Person Name="Jovan" Age="24" Gender="1"/>
            <local:Person Name="Jovan" Age="24" Gender="1"/>
            <local:Person Name="Jovan" Age="24" Gender="1"/>
            <local:Person Name="Jovan" Age="24" Gender="1"/>
            <local:Person Name="Jovan" Age="24" Gender="1"/>
            <local:Person Name="Jovan" Age="24" Gender="1"/>
            <local:Person Name="Jovan" Age="24" Gender="1"/>
        </x:Array>
        <!--设置两个Style供选择器选择-->
        <Style x:Key="NormalStyle" TargetType="ListViewItem">
            <Setter Property="ContentTemplate">
                <Setter.Value>
                    <DataTemplate >
                        <Grid>
                            <Grid.ColumnDefinitions>
                                <ColumnDefinition/>
                                <ColumnDefinition/>
                                <ColumnDefinition/>
                            </Grid.ColumnDefinitions>
                            <TextBlock Text="{Binding Name}"  Background="Yellow"/>
                            <TextBlock Text="{Binding Age}" Grid.Column="1"/>
                            <TextBlock Text="{Binding Gender}" Grid.Column="2"/>
                        </Grid>
                    </DataTemplate>
                </Setter.Value>
            </Setter>
        </Style>

        <Style x:Key="AlarmStyle" TargetType="ListViewItem">
            <Setter Property="ContentTemplate">
                <Setter.Value>
                    <DataTemplate >
                        <Grid>
                            <Grid.ColumnDefinitions>
                                <ColumnDefinition/>
                                <ColumnDefinition/>
                                <ColumnDefinition/>
                            </Grid.ColumnDefinitions>
                            <TextBlock Text="{Binding Name}"/>
                            <TextBlock Text="{Binding Age}" Grid.Column="1"/>
                            <TextBlock Text="{Binding Gender}" Grid.Column="2"/>
                        </Grid>
                    </DataTemplate>
                </Setter.Value>
            </Setter>
        </Style>
    </Window.Resources>
    <Grid>
        <ListView ItemsSource="{StaticResource datas}" >
            <ListView.ItemContainerStyleSelector>
                <local:ListViewStyleSelector NormalStyle="{StaticResource NormalStyle}" AlarmStyle="{StaticResource AlarmStyle}"/>
            </ListView.ItemContainerStyleSelector>
        </ListView>
    </Grid>
</Window>

总结：因为style中可以设置Template属性，又可以设置样式。所以在Templat标签中完成的内容都可以可以使用Style来代替。