selenium之 玩转鼠标键盘操作(ActionChains)
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用selenium做自动化,有时候会遇到需要模拟鼠标操作才能进行的情况,比如单击、双击、点击鼠标右键、拖拽等等。而selenium给我们提供了一个类来处理这类事件——ActionChains
selenium.webdriver.common.action_chains.ActionChains(driver)
这个类基本能够满足我们所有对鼠标操作的需求。
一、ActionChains基本用法
1、ActionChains的执行原理
当你调用ActionChains的方法时,不会立即执行,而是会将所有的操作按顺序存放在一个队列里,当你调用perform()方法时,队列中的时间会依次执行
2、两种调用方法
2.1 链式写法
menu = driver.find_element_by_css_selector(".nav")
hidden_submenu = driver.find_element_by_css_selector(".nav #submenu1")
ActionChains(driver).move_to_element(menu).click(hidden_submenu).perform()
2.2 分步写法
menu = driver.find_element_by_css_selector(".nav")
hidden_submenu = driver.find_element_by_css_selector(".nav #submenu1")
actions = ActionChains(driver)
actions.move_to_element(menu)
actions.click(hidden_submenu)
actions.perform()
两种写法本质是一样的,ActionChains都会按照顺序执行所有的操作。
二、ActionChains方法列表
click(on_element=None) | 单击鼠标左键 |
click_and_hold(on_element=None) | 点击鼠标左键,不松开 |
context_click(on_element=None) | 点击鼠标右键 |
double_click(on_element=None) | 双击鼠标左键 |
drag_and_drop(source, target) | 拖拽到某个元素然后松开 |
drag_and_drop_by_offset(source, xoffset, yoffset) | 拖拽到某个坐标然后松开 |
key_down(value, element=None) | 按下某个键盘上的键 |
key_up(value, element=None) | 松开某个键 |
move_by_offset(xoffset, yoffset) | 鼠标从当前位置移动到某个坐标 |
move_to_element(to_element) | 鼠标移动到某个元素 |
move_to_element_with_offset(to_element, xoffset, yoffset) | 移动到距某个元素(左上角坐标)多少距离的位置 |
perform() | 执行链中的所有动作 |
release(on_element=None) | 在某个元素位置松开鼠标左键 |
send_keys(*keys_to_send) | 发送某个键到当前焦点的元素 |
send_keys_to_element(element, *keys_to_send) | 发送某个键到指定元素 |
三、代码演示
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""
@author: lucas
@Function:
@file: actionChains.py
@time: 2021/8/23 2:24 下午
"""
import unittest
from selenium import webdriver
from time import sleep
from selenium.webdriver import ActionChains
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
class BackAndForwardAndRefresh(unittest.TestCase):
def setUp(self):
self.driver = webdriver.Chrome()
# 点击操作
def test_click(self):
driver = self.driver
driver.implicitly_wait(10)
driver.maximize_window()
driver.get('http://sahitest.com/demo/clicks.htm')
# 单击按钮
click_btn = driver.find_element_by_xpath('//input[@value="click me"]')
# 双击按钮
doubleclick_btn = driver.find_element_by_xpath('//input[@value="dbl click me"]')
# 右键单击按钮
rightclick_btn = driver.find_element_by_xpath('//input[@value="right click me"]')
# 链式写法
ActionChains(driver).click(click_btn).double_click(doubleclick_btn).context_click(rightclick_btn).perform()
# 结果:
sleep(3)
# 输出结果为:[CLICK][DOUBLE_CLICK][RIGHT_CLICK]
print driver.find_element_by_name('t2').get_attribute('value')
# 鼠标移动
def test_mouseover(self):
driver = self.driver
driver.implicitly_wait(10)
driver.maximize_window()
driver.get('http://sahitest.com/demo/mouseover.htm')
# 鼠标移动到此元素,在下面的input框中会显示“Mouse moved”
write = driver.find_element_by_xpath('//input[@value="Write on hover"]')
# 鼠标移动到此元素,会清空下面input框中的内容
blank = driver.find_element_by_xpath('//input[@value="Blank on hover"]')
result = driver.find_element_by_name('t1')
action = ActionChains(driver)
# 移动到write,显示“Mouse moved”
action.move_to_element(write).perform()
# 输出结果为:Mouse moved
print result.get_attribute('value')
# 清空操作
action.move_to_element(blank).perform()
# 输出结果为(空):
print result.get_attribute('value')
# 移动到距离当前位置(10,50)的点,与上句效果相同,移动到blank上,清空
action.move_by_offset(10, 50).perform()
# 输出结果为:Mouse moved
print result.get_attribute('value')
# 移动到距离blank元素(10,-40)的点,可移动到write上
action.move_to_element_with_offset(blank, 10, -40).perform()
print result.get_attribute('value')
# 一般很少用位置关系来移动鼠标,如果需要,可参考下面的链接来测量元素位置
# http://jingyan.baidu.com/article/eb9f7b6d87e2ae869264e847.html
# 拖拽:z注意加等待时间,有时会因为速度太快而失败
def test_drag_drop_moo_tools(self):
driver = self.driver
driver.implicitly_wait(10)
driver.maximize_window()
driver.get('http://sahitest.com/demo/dragDropMooTools.htm')
# 被拖拽元素
dragger = driver.find_element_by_id('dragger')
# 目标元素1
item1 = driver.find_element_by_xpath('//div[text()="Item 1"]')
# 目标元素2
item2 = driver.find_element_by_xpath('//div[text()="Item 2"]')
# 目标元素3
item3 = driver.find_element_by_xpath('//div[text()="Item 3"]')
# 目标元素4
item4 = driver.find_element_by_xpath('//div[text()="Item 4"]')
action = ActionChains(driver)
# 1.移动dragger到目标1
action.drag_and_drop(dragger, item1).perform()
# 2.效果与上句相同,也能起到移动效果
action.click_and_hold(dragger).release(item2).perform()
sleep(1)
# 3.效果与上两句相同,也能起到移动的效果
action.click_and_hold(dragger).move_to_element(item3).release().perform()
# 4.移动到指定坐标:action.drag_and_drop_by_offset(dragger, 400, 150).perform()
action.click_and_hold(dragger).move_by_offset(400, 150).release().perform()
sleep(2)
# 键盘按键
def test_key_press(self):
driver = self.driver
driver.implicitly_wait(10)
driver.maximize_window()
driver.get('http://sahitest.com/demo/keypress.htm')
# 监测按键升起
key_up_radio = driver.find_element_by_id('r1')
# 监测按键按下
key_down_radio = driver.find_element_by_id('r2')
# 监测按键按下升起
key_press_radio = driver.find_element_by_id('r3')
# 监测结果
see_result = driver.find_elements_by_xpath('//form[@name="f1"]/input')[0]
# 输入框
enter_here = driver.find_elements_by_xpath('//form[@name="f1"]/input')[1]
# 监测key_down
key_down_radio.click()
ActionChains(driver).key_down(Keys.CONTROL, enter_here).key_up(Keys.CONTROL).perform()
# 输出结果为:key downed charCode=[0] keyCode=[17] CTRL
print see_result.get_attribute('value')
sleep(3)
# 监测key_up
key_up_radio.click()
enter_here.click()
ActionChains(driver).key_down(Keys.SHIFT).key_up(Keys.SHIFT).perform()
# 输出结果为:key upped charCode=[0] keyCode=[16] NONE
print see_result.get_attribute('value')
sleep(3)
# 监测key_press
key_press_radio.click()
enter_here.click()
ActionChains(driver).send_keys('abc').perform()
# 输出结果为:key pressed charCode=[99] keyCode=[99] NONE
print see_result.get_attribute('value')
sleep(3)
# 复制黏贴操作
def test_label(self):
driver = self.driver
driver.implicitly_wait(10)
driver.maximize_window()
driver.get('http://sahitest.com/demo/label.htm')
input1 = driver.find_elements_by_tag_name('input')[3]
input2 = driver.find_elements_by_tag_name('input')[4]
action = ActionChains(driver)
input1.click()
action.send_keys('Test Keys').perform()
# command+a 全选
action.key_down(Keys.COMMAND).send_keys('a').key_up(Keys.COMMAND).perform()
sleep(1)
# command+c 复制
action.key_down(Keys.COMMAND).send_keys('c').key_up(Keys.COMMAND).perform()
sleep(1)
# command+v 黏贴
action.key_down(Keys.COMMAND, input2).send_keys('v').key_up(Keys.COMMAND).perform()
sleep(2)
# 输入的结果:Test Keys
print input1.get_attribute('value')
# 复制黏贴上行输入的结果:Test Keys
print input2.get_attribute('value')
def tearDown(self):
self.driver.quit()
if __name__ == "__main__":
unittest.main()