用WordNet实现中文情感分析

1.      分析

中文的情感分析可以用词林做，词林有一大类（Ｇ类）对应心理活动，但是相对于wordnet还是太简单了．因此使用nltk+wordnet的方案，如下：

1)       中文分词：结巴分词

2)       中英文翻译：wordnet汉语开放词网，可从以下网址下载：
​​​http://compling.hss.ntu.edu.sg/cow/​​

3)       情感分析：wordnet的sentiwordnet组件

4)       停用词：参考以下网页，另外加入常用标点符号

2.      代码

# encoding=utf-8
import jieba
import sys
import codecs

reload(sys)

import nltk
from nltk.corpus import wordnet as wn
from nltk.corpus import sentiwordnet as swn

sys.setdefaultencoding('utf8')

def doSeg(filename) :
    f = open(filename, 'r+')
    file_list = f.read()
    f.close()

    seg_list = jieba.cut(file_list)

    stopwords = []  
    for word in open("./stop_words.txt", "r"):  
        stopwords.append(word.strip()) 

    ll = []
    for seg in seg_list :
        if (seg.encode("utf-8") not in stopwords and seg != ' ' and seg != '' and seg != "\n" and seg != "\n\n"):
            ll.append(seg)
    return ll

def loadWordNet():
    f = codecs.open("./cow-not-full.txt", "rb", "utf-8")
    known = set()
    for l in f:
        if l.startswith('#') or not l.strip():
            continue
        row = l.strip().split("\t")
        if len(row) == 3:
            (synset, lemma, status) = row 
        elif len(row) == 2:
            (synset, lemma) = row 
            status = 'Y'
        else:
            print "illformed line: ", l.strip()
        if status in ['Y', 'O' ]:
            if not (synset.strip(), lemma.strip()) in known:
                known.add((synset.strip(), lemma.strip()))
    return known

def findWordNet(known, key):
    ll = [];
    for kk in known:
        if (kk[1] == key):
             ll.append(kk[0])
    return ll

def id2ss(ID):
    return wn._synset_from_pos_and_offset(str(ID[-1:]), int(ID[:8]))

def getSenti(word):
    return swn.senti_synset(word.name())

if __name__ == '__main__' :
    known = loadWordNet()
    words = doSeg(sys.argv[1])

    n = 0
    p = 0
    for word in words:
      ll = findWordNet(known, word)
      if (len(ll) != 0):
          n1 = 0.0
          p1 = 0.0
          for wid in ll:
              desc = id2ss(wid)
              swninfo = getSenti(desc)
              p1 = p1 + swninfo.pos_score()
              n1 = n1 + swninfo.neg_score()
          if (p1 != 0.0 or n1 != 0.0):
              print word, '-> n ', (n1 / len(ll)), ", p ", (p1 / len(ll))
          p = p + p1 / len(ll)
          n = n + n1 / len(ll)
    print "n", n, ", p", p

3.      待解决的问题

1)       结巴分词与wordnet chinese中的词不能一一对应
结巴分词虽然可以导入自定义的词典，但仍有些结巴分出的词，在wordnet找不到对应词义，比如＂太后＂，＂童子＂，还有一些组合词如＂很早已前＂，＂黄山＂等等．大多是名词，需要进一步＂学习＂．
临时的解决方案是：将其当作＂专有名词＂处理

2)       一词多义／一义多词
无论是情感分析，还是语义分析，中文或者英文，都需要解决词和义的对应问题.
临时的解决方案是：找到该词的所有语义，取其平均的情感值．另外，结巴也可判断出词性作为进一步参考．

3)       语义问题
语义问题是最根本的问题，一方面需要分析句子的结构，另外也和内容也有关，尤其是长文章，经常会使用＂先抑后扬＂＂对比分析＂，这样就比较难以判断感情色彩了．

4.      参考

1)       Learning lexical scales:WordNet and SentiWordNet
​​​http://compprag.christopherpotts.net/wordnet.html​​

2)       SentiWordNet Interface
​​​http://www.nltk.org/howto/sentiwordnet.html​​