文章目录


AlertDialog(对话框)详解

本节引言

本节继续给大家带来是显示提示信息的第三个控件AlertDialog(对话框),同时它也是其他 Dialog 的父类!比如 ProgressDialog,TimePickerDialog等,而AlertDialog的父类是:Dialog! 另外,不像前面学习的 Toast 和 Notification,AlertDialog并不能直接new出来,如果你打开 AlertDialog的源码,会发现构造方法是protected的,如果我们要创建AlertDialog的话,我们 需要使用到该类中的一个静态内部类:public static class Builder,然后来调用AlertDialog 里的相关方法,来对AlertDialog进行定制,最后调用show()方法来显示我们的AlertDialog对话框! 好的,下面我们就来学习AlertDialog的基本用法,以及定制我们的AlertDialog! 官方文档:AlertDialog


1.基本使用流程

  • Step 1:创建AlertDialog.Builder对象;
  • Step 2:调用**setIcon()**设置图标,**setTitle()setCustomTitle()**设置标题;
  • Step 3:设置对话框的内容:**setMessage()**还有其他方法来指定显示的内容;
  • Step 4:调用**setPositive/Negative/NeutralButton()**设置:确定,取消,中立按钮;
  • Step 5:调用**create()方法创建这个对象,再调用show()**方法将对话框显示出来;

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2.几种常用的对话框使用示例

运行效果图:

[外链图片转存失败,源站可能有防盗链机制,建议将图片保存下来直接上传(img-hhmhCzXO-1623112079612)(https://gitee.com/zyx201229/blogimages/raw/master/img/Android/20210608082732.jpeg)]

核心代码

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<RelativeLayout xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
tools:context=".basicItems.AlertDialog.AlertDialogActivity">


<Button
android:id="@+id/button4"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_alignParentStart="true"
android:layout_alignParentTop="true"
android:text="普通对话框" />

<Button
android:id="@+id/button5"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_alignParentStart="true"
android:layout_alignParentTop="true"
android:layout_marginTop="57dp"
android:text="普通列表对话框" />

<Button
android:id="@+id/button6"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_alignParentStart="true"
android:layout_alignParentTop="true"
android:layout_marginStart="0dp"
android:layout_marginTop="121dp"
android:text="单选对话框" />

<Button
android:id="@+id/button7"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_alignParentStart="true"
android:layout_alignParentTop="true"
android:layout_marginStart="0dp"
android:layout_marginTop="185dp"
android:text="多选对话框" />
</RelativeLayout>

MainActivity.java

package com.example.learning.basicItems.AlertDialog;

import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;

import android.app.AlertDialog;
import android.content.DialogInterface;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.MultiAutoCompleteTextView;
import android.widget.Toast;

import com.example.learning.R;

public class AlertDialogActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

// 声明组件
Button button4, button5, button6, button7;
private AlertDialog alert = null;
private AlertDialog.Builder builder = null;

@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_alert_dialog);

// 获取组件
button4 = findViewById(R.id.button4);
button5 = findViewById(R.id.button5);
button6 = findViewById(R.id.button6);
button7 = findViewById(R.id.button7);

// 普通对话
button4.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
// 创建对象
alert = null;
builder = new AlertDialog.Builder(AlertDialogActivity.this)
.setTitle("普通对话框")
.setIcon(R.mipmap.ic_launcher)
.setMessage("这是一个最普通的AlertDialog,\n带有三个按钮,分别是取消,中立和确定")
.setPositiveButton("确定", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
Toast.makeText(AlertDialogActivity.this, "你点击了确认按钮~", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
alert.dismiss();
}
})
.setNegativeButton("取消", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
Toast.makeText(AlertDialogActivity.this, "你点击了取消按钮~", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
alert.dismiss();
}
})
.setNeutralButton("中立", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
Toast.makeText(AlertDialogActivity.this, "你点击了中立按钮~", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
alert.dismiss();
}
});
// 创建 alertDialog
alert = builder.create();
// 展示 alertDialog
alert.show();
}
});

// 普通列表对话框
String[] lesson = new String[]{"语文", "数学", "英语", "化学"};
button5.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
alert = null;
builder = new AlertDialog.Builder(AlertDialogActivity.this);
builder.setTitle("普通列表对话框")
.setIcon(R.mipmap.ic_launcher)
.setItems(lesson, new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
Toast.makeText(AlertDialogActivity.this, "你选择了" + lesson[which], Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
alert.dismiss();
}
});
alert = builder.create();
alert.show();
}
});

String[] fruits = new String[]{"苹果", "橘子", "香蕉", "西瓜"};
// 单选对话框
button6.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
alert = null;
builder = new AlertDialog.Builder(AlertDialogActivity.this);
builder.setTitle("单选对话框,只能选择一个哦~")
.setIcon(R.mipmap.ic_launcher)
.setSingleChoiceItems(fruits, 0, new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
Toast.makeText(AlertDialogActivity.this, "你选择了" + fruits[which], Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
});
alert = builder.create();
alert.show();
}
});

// 多选对话框
CharSequence[] hobbies = new CharSequence[]{"打篮球", "游泳", "魔方", "卡林巴"};
Boolean[] checkItems = new Boolean[]{false, false, false, false};
// 单选对话框
button7.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
alert = null;
AlertDialog.Builder builder1 = new AlertDialog.Builder(AlertDialogActivity.this)
.setTitle("请添加爱好:")
.setIcon(R.mipmap.ic_launcher)
.setMultiChoiceItems(hobbies, checkItems, new DialogInterface.OnMultiChoiceClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which, boolean isChecked) {

}
})
.setPositiveButton("确定", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
String result = "";
for (int i = 0; i < checkItems.length ; i++) {
if (checkItems[i]){
result += hobbies[i] + " ";
}
}
Toast.makeText(AlertDialogActivity.this, "您选择的爱好有:"+result, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
});
alert = builder.create();
alert.show();
}
});
}
}

布局就是四个简单的按钮,这里就不贴出来了,用法非常简单~无非就是创建一个Builder对象后, 进行相关设置,然后create()生成一个AlertDialog对象,最后调用show()方法将AlertDialog 显示出来而已!另外,细心的你可能发现我们点击对话框的外部区域,对话框就会消失,我们 可以为builder设置**setCancelable(false)**即可解决这个问题!

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3.通过Builder的setView()定制显示的AlertDialog

我们可以自定义一个与系统对话框不同的布局,然后调用setView()将我们的布局加载到 AlertDialog上,上面我们来实现这个效果:

运行效果图

【Android 常见控件使用】AlertDialog(对话框)详解_ide

关键代码

首先是两种不同按钮的selctor的drawable文件:

btn_selctor_exit.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<selector xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
<item android:state_pressed="true" android:drawable="@mipmap/iv_icon_exit_pressed"/>
<item android:drawable="@mipmap/iv_icon_exit_normal"/>
</selector>

btn_selctor_choose.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<selector xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
<item android:state_pressed="true" android:drawable="@mipmap/bg_btn_pressed"/>
<item android:drawable="@mipmap/bg_btn_normal"/>
</selector>

接着是自定义的Dialog布局:view_dialog_custom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:id="@+id/RelativeLayout1"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:orientation="vertical">

<RelativeLayout
android:id="@+id/titlelayout"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_alignParentLeft="true"
android:layout_alignParentTop="true"
android:background="#53CC66"
android:padding="5dp">

<TextView
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_centerVertical="true"
android:text="提示信息"
android:textColor="#ffffff"
android:textSize="18sp"
android:textStyle="bold" />

<Button
android:id="@+id/btn_cancle"
android:layout_width="30dp"
android:layout_height="30dp"
android:layout_alignParentRight="true"
android:background="@drawable/btn_selctor_exit" />

</RelativeLayout>


<LinearLayout
android:id="@+id/ly_detail"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_alignParentLeft="true"
android:layout_below="@+id/titlelayout"
android:layout_centerInParent="true"
android:orientation="vertical">

<TextView
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_marginLeft="10dp"
android:layout_marginTop="20dp"
android:text="通过setView()方法定制AlertDialog"
android:textColor="#04AEDA"
android:textSize="18sp" />

<TextView
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_marginLeft="10dp"
android:layout_marginTop="10dp"
android:text="作者:Coder-pig"
android:textColor="#04AEDA"
android:textSize="18sp" />
</LinearLayout>

<LinearLayout
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_below="@+id/ly_detail"
android:layout_marginTop="10dp"
android:orientation="horizontal">

<Button
android:id="@+id/btn_blog"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="40dp"
android:layout_margin="5dp"
android:layout_weight="1"
android:background="@drawable/btn_selctor_choose"
android:text="访问博客"
android:textColor="#ffffff"
android:textSize="20sp" />

<Button
android:id="@+id/btn_close"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="40dp"
android:layout_margin="5dp"
android:layout_weight="1"
android:background="@drawable/btn_selctor_choose"
android:text="关闭"
android:textColor="#ffffff"
android:textSize="20sp" />

</LinearLayout>

</RelativeLayout>

最后是MainActivity.java

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

private Button btn_show;
private View view_custom;
private Context mContext;
private AlertDialog alert = null;
private AlertDialog.Builder builder = null;

@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
mContext = MainActivity.this;
btn_show = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn_show);

//初始化Builder
builder = new AlertDialog.Builder(mContext);

//加载自定义的那个View,同时设置下
final LayoutInflater inflater = MainActivity.this.getLayoutInflater();
view_custom = inflater.inflate(R.layout.view_dialog_custom, null,false);
builder.setView(view_custom);
builder.setCancelable(false);
alert = builder.create();

view_custom.findViewById(R.id.btn_cancle).setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
alert.dismiss();
}
});

view_custom.findViewById(R.id.btn_blog).setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "访问博客", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
Uri uri = Uri.parse("http://blog.csdn.net/coder_pig");
Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW, uri);
startActivity(intent);
alert.dismiss();
}
});

view_custom.findViewById(R.id.btn_close).setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "对话框已关闭~", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
alert.dismiss();
}
});

btn_show.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
alert.show();
}
});
}
}

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