1、# fdisk -l
查看当前磁盘信息，就会发现最下面显示新加入的硬盘不是有效分区，如下：
[root@mfsdata02 ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1305 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x000601be
DeviceBoot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 1 26 204800 83 Linux
Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/sda2 26 91 524288 82 Linux swap / Solaris
Partition 2 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/sda3 91 1306 9755648 83 Linux
Disk /dev/sdb: 2147 MB, 2147483648 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 261 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000
2、# fdisk /dev/sdb
对新硬盘分区，并根据提示进一步操作：
[root@mfsdata02 ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb
Device contains neither a valid DOS partitiontable, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier0x0467cb4f.
Changes will remain in memory only, until youdecide to write them.
After that, of course, the previous content won'tbe recoverable.
Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4will be corrected by w(rite)
WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It'sstrongly recommended to
switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to
sectors (command 'u').
Command (m for help): m
Command action
a toggle a bootable flag
b edit bsd disklabel
c toggle the dos compatibility flag
d delete a partition
l list known partition types
m print this menu
n add a new partition
o create a new empty DOS partition table
p print the partition table
q quit without saving changes
s create a new empty Sun disklabel
t change a partition's system id
u change display/entry units
v verify the partition table
w write table to disk and exit
x extra functionality (experts only)
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdb: 2147 MB, 2147483648 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 261 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x0467cb4f
DeviceBoot Start End Blocks Id System
Command (m for help): n #输入n进行分区
Command action
e extended #e为逻辑分区
p primary partition (1-4) #p为主分区
p
Partition number (1-4): 1 #（由于是新盘我们输入1来分第一个主分区，共可以分4个主分区）
#（选择该分区的起始磁盘数，如无特殊需求强烈建议选择默认，也就是1来分区（可直接按回车））
First cylinder (1-261, default 1):
Using default value 1
#定义该分区的大小，如果按默认（按回车）即是使用全部可用存储额，如分一个1G的空间，输入+1024m
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-261,default 261):
Using default value 261
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdb: 2147 MB, 2147483648 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 261 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x0467cb4f
DeviceBoot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 1 261 2096451 83 Linux
Command (m for help): w #w写入分区
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
You have new mail in /var/spool/mail/root
3、# fdisk -l
可以找到我们刚才分的一个分区，内容如下：
[root@mfsdata02 ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1305 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x000601be
DeviceBoot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 1 26 204800 83 Linux
Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/sda2 26 91 524288 82 Linux swap / Solaris
Partition 2 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/sda3 91 1306 9755648 83 Linux
Disk /dev/sdb: 2147 MB, 2147483648 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 261 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x0467cb4f
DeviceBoot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 1 261 2096451 83 Linux
[root@mfsdata02 ~]#
使用工具partprobe让kernel读取分区信息
[root@mfsdata02 ~]# partprobe
使用fdisk工具只是将分区信息写到磁盘，如果需要mkfs磁盘分区则需要重启系统，而使用partprobe则可以使kernel重新读取分区 信息，从而避免重启系统。
4、# mkfs -t ext4 -c /dev/sdb1
对分区使用ext3格式化，-c参数要先检测磁盘坏道
[root@mfsdata02 ~]# mkfs -t ext4 -c /dev/sdb1
mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
131072 inodes, 524112 blocks
26205 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=536870912
16 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912
Checking for bad blocks (read-only test): done
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (8192 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accountinginformation: done
This filesystem will be automatically checked every27 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
5 新建挂载目录
[root@mfsdata02 ~]# mkdir /mfsdata
6 挂载新硬盘
[root@mfsdata02 ~]# mount /dev/sdb1 /mfsdata
7查看分区大小是否和我们预定的一样
[root@mfsdata02 ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda3 9.1G 2.2G 6.5G 25% /
tmpfs 238M 0 238M 0% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1 190M 54M 127M 30% /boot
/dev/sdb1 2.0G 3.0M 1.9G 1% /mfsdata
[root@mfsdata02 ~]#
You have new mail in /var/spool/mail/root
[root@mfsdata02 ~]#
[root@mfsdata02 ~]#
8、最后也是很容易漏掉的一步
[root@mfsdata02 ~]# echo "/dev/sdb1 /mfsdata ext4 defaults 0 0" >>/etc/fstab
[root@mfsdata02 ~]# cat /etc/fstab
#
# /etc/fstab
# Created by anaconda on Sat Jun 13 23:57:00 2015
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, aremaintained under '/dev/disk'
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8)and/or blkid(8) for more info
#
UUID=a99b2855-789d-452d-9b44-aaf00b18fc76 / ext4 defaults 1 1
UUID=c229857f-d99f-40f0-bfa6-f68882e7a6a5/boot ext4 defaults 1 2
UUID=c2b1447f-6766-4a54-9764-c5b4fd723ca9 swap swap defaults 0 0
tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults 0 0
devpts /dev/pts devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0
sysfs /sys sysfs defaults 0 0
proc /proc proc defaults 0 0
/dev/sdb1 /mfsdata ext4 defaults 0 0
[root@mfsdata02 ~]#
如果忘了将这个写入配置文件的话，服务器如果重启，硬盘将不会自动挂载，将找不到挂载的文件夹。这时候要再一直mount 挂载一遍。。。
