C++
#include <functional>
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <memory>
#include <set>
#include <map>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
namespace
{
/*C++ 类不能继承它自己*/
class Animal /*:public Aniaml*/
{
public:
Animal(string n)
{
name = n;
}
virtual const Animal* getSelf()
{
return this;
}
public:
string name;
};
class Dog :public Animal
{
public:
Dog(string n, int a) :Animal(n)
{
age = a;
}
//const Animal* getSelf() override
const Dog* getSelf() override
{
return this;
}
public:
int age;
};
}
#if 1
int main()
{
Dog dog("小狗", 2);
Animal* animal = &dog;
const Animal* p_animal = animal->getSelf();
// 这个只能访问到它自己类型的
cout << "名字:" << p_animal->name << endl;
const Dog* p_dog = dog.getSelf();
cout << "名字:" << p_dog->name << endl;
cout << "年龄:" << p_dog->age << endl;
return 0;
}
#endif
虚函数 virtual const Animal* getSelf()
在派生类可以返回const Dog* getSelf() override
,这样就可以不用进行类型转换了。
C#
经测试,C# 好像不支持这种写法。C#9.0 支持这种协变返回类型?