身份认证
身份认证分三个步骤
1）提交主题和凭据
2）进行身份认证
3）判断是通过，重新提交还是不通过
验证顺序
1）调用subject的login方法，提交主体和凭据。
2）得到对应操作的Security Manager
3）通过Sceurity Manager得到对应的Autherticator实例
4）根据配置策略查找对应的桥信息
5）通过桥信息到对应的配置处理进行身份验证
验证器
如果你想配置一个自定义的验证器
可以在配置文件中使用
[main]
...
authenticator = com.foo.bar.CustomAuthenticator
securityManager.authenticator = $authenticator
配置策略信息
AtLeastOneSuccessfulStrategy 如果一个验证成功，则验证结果为成功
FirstSuccessfulStrategy 只有第一个成功，才算成功
AllSuccessfulStrategy 所有的都必须成功
对应的在配置文件中的策略使用如下
shiro.ini
[main]
...
authcStrategy = org.apache.shiro.authc.pam.FirstSuccessfulStrategy
securityManager.authenticator.authenticationStrategy = $authcStrategy
...
执行顺序
1）隐式顺序
blahRealm = com.company.blah.Realm
...
fooRealm = com.company.foo.Realm
...
barRealm = com.company.another.Realm
按上下顺序执行
2）指定顺序
blahRealm = com.company.blah.Realm
...
fooRealm = com.company.foo.Realm
...
barRealm = com.company.another.Realm
securityManager.realms = $fooRealm, $barRealm, $blahRealm
...
按指定的顺序执行
授权
控制谁有权限访问应用程序
授权的几个要素：权限，角色和用户。
三种权限的判断方式
1）编程
角色判断
Subject currentUser = SecurityUtils.getSubject();
if (currentUser.hasRole("administrator")) {
//show the admin button
} else {
//don't show the button? Grey it out?
}
hasRole(String roleName) 主题是否已分配给指定的角色
hasRoles(List<String> roleNames) 是否包含指定的角色
hasAllRoles(Collection<String> roleNames) 是否包含指定的所有角色
角色断言
Subject currentUser = SecurityUtils.getSubject();
//guarantee that the current user is a bank teller and
//therefore allowed to open the account:
currentUser.checkRole("bankTeller");
openBankAccount();
checkRole(String roleName) 断言是否是指定角色
checkRoles(Collection<String> roleNames) 断言是否包含以下角色
checkRoles(String... roleNames) 断言是否包含所有角色
如果判断指定用户是否有权限访问指定名称的打印机
那么就会用到下列几个方法
Permission printPermission = new PrinterPermission("laserjet4400n", "print");
Subject currentUser = SecurityUtils.getSubject();
if (currentUser.isPermitted(printPermission)) {
//show the Print button
} else {
//don't show the button? Grey it out?
}isPermitted(Permission p) 判断主题是否允许执行一个动作
isPermitted(List<Permission> perms) 是否允许执行一组动作
isPermittedAll(Collection<Permission> perms) 是否允许执行所有动作
基于字符串的权限检查
Subject currentUser = SecurityUtils.getSubject();
if (currentUser.isPermitted("printer:print:laserjet4400n")) {
//show the Print button
} else {
//don't show the button? Grey it out?
}
也可以如下使用
Subject currentUser = SecurityUtils.getSubject();
Permission p = new WildcardPermission("printer:print:laserjet4400n");
if (currentUser.isPermitted(p) {
//show the Print button
} else {
//don't show the button? Grey it out?
}
权限断言类似于角色断言。
2）annocation方式
The RequiresAuthentication annotation
@RequiresAuthentication
public void updateAccount(Account userAccount) {
//this method will only be invoked by a
//Subject that is guaranteed authenticated
...
}
等同于下述代码
public void updateAccount(Account userAccount) {
if (!SecurityUtils.getSubject().isAuthenticated()) {
throw new AuthorizationException(...);
}
//Subject is guaranteed authenticated here
...
}The RequiresGuest annotation
@RequiresGuest
public void signUp(User newUser) {
//this method will only be invoked by a
//Subject that is unknown/anonymous
...
}
等同于
public void signUp(User newUser) {
Subject currentUser = SecurityUtils.getSubject();
PrincipalCollection principals = currentUser.getPrincipals();
if (principals != null && !principals.isEmpty()) {
//known identity - not a guest:
throw new AuthorizationException(...);
}
//Subject is guaranteed to be a 'guest' here
...
}The RequiresPermissions annotation
@RequiresPermissions("account:create")
public void createAccount(Account account) {
//this method will only be invoked by a Subject
//that is permitted to create an account
...
}等同于
public void createAccount(Account account) {
Subject currentUser = SecurityUtils.getSubject();
if (!subject.isPermitted("account:create")) {
throw new AuthorizationException(...);
}
//Subject is guaranteed to be permitted here
...
}The RequiresRoles permission
@RequiresRoles("administrator")
public void deleteUser(User user) {
//this method will only be invoked by an administrator
...
}等同于
public void deleteUser(User user) {
Subject currentUser = SecurityUtils.getSubject();
if (!subject.hasRole("administrator")) {
throw new AuthorizationException(...);
}
//Subject is guaranteed to be an 'administrator' here
...
}The RequiresUser annotation
@RequiresUser
public void updateAccount(Account account) {
//this method will only be invoked by a 'user'
//i.e. a Subject with a known identity
...
}
等同于
public void updateAccount(Account account) {
Subject currentUser = SecurityUtils.getSubject();
PrincipalCollection principals = currentUser.getPrincipals();
if (principals == null || principals.isEmpty()) {
//no identity - they're anonymous, not allowed:
throw new AuthorizationException(...);
}
//Subject is guaranteed to have a known identity here
...
}授权顺序
1）应用程序调用主题，判断hasRole,isPermitted得到角色或者用户权限的列表。
2）组成对应的授权方法
3）协调如何授权
4）通过桥进行各种方式的授权
web应用
配置web.xml
<listener>
<listener-class>org.apache.shiro.web.env.EnvironmentLoaderListener</listener-class>
</listener>
...
<filter>
<filter-name>ShiroFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.apache.shiro.web.servlet.ShiroFilter</filter-class>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>ShiroFilter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
如果你愿意你可以自定义一个web应用
<context-param>
<param-name>shiroEnvironmentClass</param-name>
<param-value>com.foo.bar.shiro.MyWebEnvironment</param-value>
</context-param>
如果你想改变shiro.ini的位置，那么你可以指定
<context-param>
<param-name>shiroConfigLocations</param-name>
<param-value>YOUR_RESOURCE_LOCATION_HERE</param-value>
</context-param>
shiro.ini中的[urls]配置
例如：
...
[urls]
/index.html = anon
/user/create = anon
/user/** = authc
/admin/** = authc, roles[administrator]
/rest/** = authc, rest
/remoting/rpc/** = authc, perms["remote:invoke"]
假如你有如下设置
/account/** = ssl, authc
/account下的任何应用程序都将触动ssl和authc链
作者：张锋
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