效果展示

Fragment的使用_android

创建方法

总的来说,有两种方法:静态调用 和 动态调用

代码演示

静态调用

  • 第一步,编写xml文件,直接使用 fragment,配合class使用
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout
    xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    tools:context=".MainActivity">

    <fragment
        android:id="@+id/one"
        class="com.wust.twofragrement.OneFragrement"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="300dp"/>
    <fragment
        android:id="@+id/two"
        class="com.wust.twofragrement.TwoFragrement"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="300dp"/>

</LinearLayout>

注意:这个 fragment 一定要加 id,要不然会报如下错误

Caused by: android.view.InflateException: Binary XML file line #14 in com.wust.twofragrement:layout/activity_main: Binary XML file line #14 in com.wust.twofragrement:layout/activity_main: Error inflating class fragment

Fragment的使用_安卓_02

  • 第二步,编写 fragment 类代码
package com.wust.twofragrement;

import android.app.Fragment;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;

import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
import androidx.annotation.Nullable;

/**
 * ClassName: OneFragrement <br/>
 * Description: <br/>
 * date: 2021/5/27 16:26<br/>
 *
 * @author yiqi<br />
 * @email:1820762465@qq.com
 * @QQ:1820762465
 * @since JDK 1.8
 */
public class OneFragrement extends Fragment {
    @Nullable
    @Override
    public View onCreateView(@NonNull LayoutInflater inflater, @Nullable ViewGroup container, @Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        View view = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragrement_one, null);
        return view;
    }
}
package com.wust.twofragrement;

import android.app.Fragment;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;

import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
import androidx.annotation.Nullable;

/**
 * ClassName: OneFragrement <br/>
 * Description: <br/>
 * date: 2021/5/27 16:26<br/>
 *
 * @author yiqi<br />
 * @email:1820762465@qq.com
 * @QQ:1820762465
 * @since JDK 1.8
 */
public class TwoFragrement extends Fragment {
    @Nullable
    @Override
    public View onCreateView(@NonNull LayoutInflater inflater, @Nullable ViewGroup container, @Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        View view = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragrement_two, null);
        return view;
    }
}

注意:在这一步中你引入的 fragment 包要正确,一定要是 android.app.Fragment; 另外一个是 androidx.fragment.app.Fragment; 在这种静态调用方法里,两个包任选其一即可。

Fragment的使用_xml_03

动态调用 

  • 第一步,编写xml布局文件,使用 FrameLayout 占位
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout
    xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    tools:context=".MainActivity">

    <FrameLayout
        android:id="@+id/fl_one"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="300dp"/>
    <FrameLayout
        android:id="@+id/fl_two"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="300dp"/>

</LinearLayout>
  • 第二步,编写 fragment 类代码
package com.wust.twofragrement;

import android.app.Fragment;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;

import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
import androidx.annotation.Nullable;

/**
 * ClassName: OneFragrement <br/>
 * Description: <br/>
 * date: 2021/5/27 16:26<br/>
 *
 * @author yiqi<br />
 * @email:1820762465@qq.com
 * @QQ:1820762465
 * @since JDK 1.8
 */
public class OneFragrement extends Fragment {
    @Nullable
    @Override
    public View onCreateView(@NonNull LayoutInflater inflater, @Nullable ViewGroup container, @Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        View view = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragrement_one, null);
        return view;
    }
}
package com.wust.twofragrement;

import android.app.Fragment;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;

import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
import androidx.annotation.Nullable;

/**
 * ClassName: OneFragrement <br/>
 * Description: <br/>
 * date: 2021/5/27 16:26<br/>
 *
 * @author yiqi<br />
 * @email:1820762465@qq.com
 * @QQ:1820762465
 * @since JDK 1.8
 */
public class TwoFragrement extends Fragment {
    @Nullable
    @Override
    public View onCreateView(@NonNull LayoutInflater inflater, @Nullable ViewGroup container, @Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        View view = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragrement_two, null);
        return view;
    }
}

注意:在这一步中你引入的 fragment 包要正确,一定要是 android.app.Fragment;  而我们的静态调用方法中,你引入两个包中的任何一个都是可以的

  • 第三步,动态添加 fragment 到 FrameLayout 中
package com.wust.twofragrement;

import androidx.fragment.app.FragmentActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;

public class MainActivity extends FragmentActivity {

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

        //第一步,获取 Fragrement
        OneFragrement oneFragrement = new OneFragrement();
        TwoFragrement twoFragrement = new TwoFragrement();

        //第二步,占坑
        getFragmentManager().beginTransaction().replace(R.id.fl_one,oneFragrement,"one").commit();
        getFragmentManager().beginTransaction().replace(R.id.fl_two,twoFragrement,"two").commit();
    }
}

看到这里,你基本上已经掌握了 fragment 的基本引入。下一节 我们将讲解 fragment 之间的通信。