在Oracle数据库中,一般人们可能只会关注数据库的时区或会话的时区,但是很少有人会关注Scheduler的时区设置,因为Scheduler的时区设置一般只会影响作业的scheduler和Windows的运行,很多时候,人们往往没有注意到它。这里简单总结一下这个知识点。
在Oracle 10g/11g中,数据库的scheduler的时区是全局统一的,但是从Oracle 12c开始,多租户架构中,CDB和各个PDB的scheduler的时区设置是分开的。我们一般可以通过下面几种方法查看数据库的scheduler时区信息
方法1:
select dbms_scheduler.stime from dual;
方法2:
set linesize 680
col attribute_name for a20
col value for a30
select * from dba_scheduler_global_attribute
where attribute_name like '%TIMEZONE%';
方法3:
get_scheduler_attributes.sql脚本
SET SERVEROUTPUT ON
show con_name;
EXEC DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line(RPAD('-',60,'-'));
DECLARE
PROCEDURE display(p_param IN VARCHAR2) AS
l_result VARCHAR2(50);
BEGIN
DBMS_SCHEDULER.get_scheduler_attribute(
attribute => p_param,
value => l_result);
DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line(RPAD(p_param, 30, ' ') || ' : ' || l_result);
END;
BEGIN
display('current_open_window');
display('default_timezone');
display('email_sender');
display('email_server');
display('event_expiry_time');
display('log_history');
display('max_job_slave_processes');
END;
/
如下所示,我们在CDB容器下,查看数据库的Scheduler时区信息,如下所示,第一个SQL可以判断为东八区设置,其它两个SQL的值为null,表示使用systimestamp的时区。而当前systimestamp的时区为东八区
SQL> select dbms_scheduler.stime from dual;
STIME
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
11-SEP-23 10.04.37.395374000 PM +08:00
SQL> set linesize 680
SQL> col attribute_name for a20
SQL> col value for a30
SQL> select * from dba_scheduler_global_attribute
2 where attribute_name like '%TIMEZONE%';
ATTRIBUTE_NAME VALUE
-------------------- ------------------------------
DEFAULT_TIMEZONE
SQL> @get_scheduler_attributes.sql
CON_NAME
------------------------------
CDB$ROOT
------------------------------------------------------------
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
current_open_window : MONDAY_WINDOW
default_timezone :
email_sender :
email_server :
event_expiry_time :
log_history : 30
max_job_slave_processes :
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
SQL>
官方文档[1]中的介绍如下
When start_date is NULL, the Scheduler determines the time zone for the repeat interval as follows:
It checks whether or not the session time zone is a region name. The session time zone can be set by either:
Issuing an ALTER SESSION statement, for example:
SQL> ALTER SESSION SET time_zone = 'Asia/Shanghai';
Setting the ORA_SDTZ environment variable.
If the session time zone is an absolute offset instead of a region name, the Scheduler uses the value of the DEFAULT_TIMEZONE Scheduler attribute. For more information, see the SET_SCHEDULER_ATTRIBUTE Procedure.
If the DEFAULT_TIMEZONE attribute is NULL, the Scheduler uses the time zone of systimestamp when the job or window is enabled.
在Oracle 19c中,一般用DBCA创建的PDB数据库,它的scheduler时区默认为PST8PDT, 如下所示,PST8PDT其实是美国的太平洋标准时间,是美国西部城市的主要计时制度。就和我们的北京时间类似。中国是统一使用北京时间,但是美国东西部使用不同的时间制度。美国东部有西5区,西6区等,PST8PDT就是西8区的时间。
关于这个问题,其实官方文档Default Scheduler Timezone Value In PDB$SEED Different Than CDB (Doc ID 2702230.1)[2]有阐述这个现象。
On 12C, 18c and 19c, using DBCA General mode create DB, the default timezone of scheduler of PDB is different with CDB$ROOT.
The default timezone of the scheduler of PDB is PST8PDT on 19c and Etc/UTC on 12C & 18c no matter what the timezone of the scheduler is in CDB$ROOT.
But using create database command or using DBCA customize mode, the default timezone of the scheduler of PDB is same with CDB$ROOT.
It is expected behavior.
Please refer to the below bug raised an enhancement request.
Unpublished Bug 30076391 : DIFFERENT TIMEZONES OF SCHEDULER IN CDB$ROOT AND PDB USING DBCA GENERAL MODE CREATE DB
这个现象,如果你没有注意到,可能Scheduler的运行时间跟你所预期的不一样。例如,数据库采集、更新统计信息的时间,这个影响说大其实影响也蛮大的。可能导致在白天业务高峰期,数据库正在收集统计信息。所以,一般你在创建对应的PDB数据库时,就必须检查/设置Scheduler的时区。
设置scheduler的时区
exec dbms_scheduler.set_scheduler_attribute('default_timezone', 'Asia/Shanghai');
参考资料
[1]
[2]