命令简介：
该命令用于密码时效管理。它可以修改账号和密码的有效期。对于chage命令的描述如下所示：
The chage command changes the number of days between password changes and the date of the last password change. This information is used by the system to determine when a user must change his/her password
命令语法：
chage [options] user
命令参数：
| 参数 | 描叙 |
| -d | 指定密码最后修改日期 |
| -E | 密码到期的日期，过了这天，此账号将不可用。0表示马上过期，-1表示永不过期。 |
| -h | 显示帮助信息并退出 |
| -I | 密码过期后，锁定账号的天数 |
| -l | 列出用户以及密码的有效期 |
| -m | 密码可以更改的最小天数。为零代表任何时候都可以更改密码。 |
| -M | 密码保持有效的最大天数。 |
| -W | 密码过期前，提前收到警告信息的天数。 |
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使用示例：
1: 查看chage命令的帮助信息
[root@DB-Server ~]#man chage
[root@DB-Server ~]# info chage
[root@DB-Server ~]# chage -h
Usage: chage [options] user
Options:
-d, --lastday LAST_DAY set last password change to LAST_DAY
-E, --expiredate EXPIRE_DATE set account expiration date to EXPIRE_DATE
-h, --help display this help message and exit
-I, --inactive INACTIVE set password inactive after expiration
to INACTIVE
-l, --list show account aging information
-m, --mindays MIN_DAYS set minimum number of days before password
change to MIN_DAYS
-M, --maxdays MAX_DAYS set maximim number of days before password
change to MAX_DAYS
-W, --warndays WARN_DAYS set expiration warning days to WARN_DAYS
2：查看mysql用户以及密码的有效期
[root@DB-Server ~]# chage -l mysql
Last password change : Mar 26, 2015
Password expires : never
Password inactive : never
Account expires : never
Minimum number of days between password change : -1
Maximum number of days between password change : -1
Number of days of warning before password expires : -1
[root@DB-Server ~]#
3：设置mysql用户60天后密码过期，至少7天后才能修改密码，密码过期前7天开始收到告警信息。
[root@DB-Server ~]# chage -M 60 -m 7 -W 7 mysql
You have new mail in /var/spool/mail/root
[root@DB-Server ~]# chage -l mysql
Last password change : Mar 26, 2015
Password expires : May 25, 2015
Password inactive : never
Account expires : never
Minimum number of days between password change : 7
Maximum number of days between password change : 60
Number of days of warning before password expires : 7
[root@DB-Server ~]#
4：强制新建用户第一次登陆时修改密码
[root@DB-Server home]# useradd test
[root@DB-Server home]# passwd test
Changing password for user test.
New UNIX password:
Retype new UNIX password:
passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.
[root@DB-Server home]# chage -d 0 test
You have new mail in /var/spool/mail/root
[root@DB-Server home]# chage -l test
Last password change : password must be changed
Password expires : never
Password inactive : never
Account expires : never
Minimum number of days between password change : 0
Maximum number of days between password change : 99999
Number of days of warning before password expires : 7
