本套课在线学习视频（网盘地址，保存到网盘即可免费观看）：
https://pan.quark.cn/s/3c8e962bddcb
面向对象编程（OOP）是一种编程范式，它通过将数据和操作数据的方法封装在一起，形成对象，从而模拟现实世界的实体和它们之间的关系。继承是OOP中的一个核心概念，它允许通过创建新类（子类或派生类）基于现有类（父类或基类）来避免代码冗余，提高代码的重用性和可维护性。
00:00 - 面向对象继承及其应用
继承的基本概念
继承允许子类继承父类的属性和方法，从而避免重复定义相同的代码。子类可以自动获得父类的特征，并且可以添加或重写特定于子类的功能。
class Person:
def __init__(self, name, age, gender):
self.name = name
self.age = age
self.gender = gender
def speak(self):
print(f"My name is {self.name}.")
class Teacher(Person):
def teach(self):
print(f"{self.name} is teaching.")
class Student(Person):
def study(self):
print(f"{self.name} is studying.")继承的优势
- 代码重用：通过继承，子类可以重用父类的代码，减少冗余。
- 代码简洁性：继承使得代码更加简洁和易于理解。
- 易于维护：修改父类的属性和方法会自动反映在所有子类中，便于维护。
02:12 - 创建教师和学生类及其属性与方法
定义教师和学生类
class Teacher(Person):
def __init__(self, name, age, gender, subject):
super().__init__(name, age, gender)
self.subject = subject
def teach(self):
print(f"{self.name} is teaching {self.subject}.")
class Student(Person):
def __init__(self, name, age, gender, grade):
super().__init__(name, age, gender)
self.grade = grade
def study(self):
print(f"{self.name} is studying in grade {self.grade}.")实例化对象
teacher = Teacher("Alice", 30, "Female", "Math")
student = Student("Bob", 15, "Male", 10)
teacher.speak() # Output: My name is Alice.
teacher.teach() # Output: Alice is teaching Math.
student.speak() # Output: My name is Bob.
student.study() # Output: Bob is studying in grade 10.03:52 - 面向对象编程中的继承与代码复用
代码重用示例
通过将共有的属性和方法抽取到Person基类中，Teacher和Student类可以继承这些属性和方法，从而实现代码的重用。
class Person:
def __init__(self, name, age, gender):
self.name = name
self.age = age
self.gender = gender
def speak(self):
print(f"My name is {self.name}.")
class Teacher(Person):
def __init__(self, name, age, gender, subject):
super().__init__(name, age, gender)
self.subject = subject
def teach(self):
print(f"{self.name} is teaching {self.subject}.")
class Student(Person):
def __init__(self, name, age, gender, grade):
super().__init__(name, age, gender)
self.grade = grade
def study(self):
print(f"{self.name} is studying in grade {self.grade}.")继承的实现
teacher = Teacher("Alice", 30, "Female", "Math")
student = Student("Bob", 15, "Male", 10)
teacher.speak() # Output: My name is Alice.
teacher.teach() # Output: Alice is teaching Math.
student.speak() # Output: My name is Bob.
student.study() # Output: Bob is studying in grade 10.06:43 - 面向对象编程中的继承与方法重用
方法重用示例
通过继承，子类可以重用父类的方法，并且可以添加或重写特定于子类的方法。
class Person:
def __init__(self, name, age, gender):
self.name = name
self.age = age
self.gender = gender
def speak(self):
print(f"My name is {self.name}.")
class AIEngineer(Person):
def develop_ai(self):
print(f"{self.name} is developing AI systems.")
class RoboticsEngineer(Person):
def develop_robotics(self):
print(f"{self.name} is developing robotics systems.")实例化特定领域的继承类
ai_engineer = AIEngineer("Charlie", 25, "Male")
robotics_engineer = RoboticsEngineer("Diana", 28, "Female")
ai_engineer.speak() # Output: My name is Charlie.
ai_engineer.develop_ai() # Output: Charlie is developing AI systems.
robotics_engineer.speak() # Output: My name is Diana.
robotics_engineer.develop_robotics() # Output: Diana is developing robotics systems.总结
继承是面向对象编程中的一个重要概念，它通过创建新类基于现有类来避免代码冗余，提高代码的重用性和可维护性。通过将共有的属性和方法抽取到基类中，子类可以继承这些属性和方法，并且可以添加或重写特定于子类的功能。这种方法不仅体现了面向对象编程的三大原则——封装、继承和多态，还使得程序设计更加模块化和易于维护，提升了代码的清晰度和可读性。
