Spring事务传播机制回顾

关于Spring事务的一个错误的说法:一个事务方法中不应该调用另外一个事务方法,否则将产生两个事务,其实这是不正确的。

这是因为未正确认识Spring事务传播机制而造成的误解。 Spring对事务控制的支持统一在TransactionDefinition类中描述

Spring JDBC-事务方法嵌套调用解读_java

我们来看下该类中的接口方法

  • int getPropagationBehavior() 事务的传播行为
  • int getIsolationLevel(); 事务的隔离级别
  • int getTimeout();事务的过期时间
  • boolean isReadOnly();事务的读、写特性
  • String getName();事务的名称

除了事务的传播行为外,事务的其他特性Spring是借助底层资源的功能来完成的,Spring无非只充当个代理的角色。但是事务的传播行为却是Spring凭借自身的框架提供的功能

所谓事务传播的行为,就是多个事务方法相互调用时,事务如何在这些方法间传播。 Spring在TransactionDefinition接口中规定了7种类型的事务传播行为,它们规定了事务方法和事务方法发生嵌套调用时事务如何进行传播:

事务传播行为类型

说明

PROPAGATION_REQUIRED

如果当前没有事务,就新建一个事务,如果已经存在一个事务中,加入到这个事务中。这是最常见的选择

PROPAGATION_SUPPORTS

支持当前事务,如果当前没有事务,就以非事务方式执行。

PROPAGATION_MANDATORY

使用当前的事务,如果当前没有事务,就抛出异常。

PROPAGATION_REQUIRES_NEW

新建事务,如果当前存在事务,把当前事务挂起

PROPAGATION_NOT_SUPPORTED

以非事务方式执行操作,如果当前存在事务,就把当前事务挂起

PROPAGATION_NEVER

以非事务方式执行,如果当前存在事务,则抛出异常。

PROPAGATION_NESTED

如果当前存在事务,则在嵌套事务内执行。如果当前没有事务,则执行与PROPAGATION_REQUIRED类似的操作。

当使用PROPAGATION_NESTED时,底层的数据源必须基于JDBC 3.0,并且实现者需要支持保存点事务机制。

Spring默认的事务传播行为是PROPAGATION_REQUESTED, 它适合绝大多数情况。

如果多个ServiceX#methodX() 均工作下在事务环境下(均被Spring事务增强),且程序中存在调用链Service1#method1()—->Service2#method2()——>Service#method3(),那么这3个服务类的3个方法通过Spring的事务传播机制都工作在同一个事务中。


相互嵌套的服务方法

我们来举个例子,TeacherService#doSomething()方法内部调用了 调用本类的udpateTeacherInfo还有StudentService#updateSutdent()方法,这两个类都继承于BaseService,类结构如下:

Spring JDBC-事务方法嵌套调用解读_java_02

package com.xgj.dao.transaction.nestedCall.service;

import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

import com.xgj.dao.transaction.nestedCall.dao.TeacherDao;
import com.xgj.dao.transaction.nestedCall.domain.Student;
import com.xgj.dao.transaction.nestedCall.domain.Teacher;

/**
*
*
* @ClassName: TeacherService
*
* @Description: @Service标注的service层 继承BaseService
*
* @author: Mr.Yang
*
* @date: 2017年9月24日 下午4:56:35
*/

@Service
public class TeacherService extends BaseService {

Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(TeacherService.class);

private TeacherDao teacherDao;
private StudentService studentService;

@Autowired
public void setTeacherDao(TeacherDao teacherDao) {
this.teacherDao = teacherDao;
}

@Autowired
public void setStudentService(StudentService studentService) {
this.studentService = studentService;
}

/**
*
*
* @Title: init
*
* @Description: 改方法嵌套调用了本类的其他方法以及其他类的方法
*
*
* @return: void
*/
public void doSomething() {
logger.info("before TeacherService#udpateTeacherInfo");
// 调用本类的其他方法
udpateTeacherInfo(simulateTeacher());
logger.info("after TeacherService#udpateTeacherInfo");

// 调用其他类的方法
logger.info("before StudentService#updateSutdent");
studentService.updateSutdent(simulateStudent());
logger.info("after StudentService#updateSutdent");

}

public void udpateTeacherInfo(Teacher teacher) {
teacherDao.updateTeacher(teacher);
}

/**
*
*
* @Title: simulateTeacher
*
* @Description: 模拟获取一个teacher实例
*
* @return
*
* @return: Teacher
*/
private Teacher simulateTeacher() {
Teacher teacher = new Teacher();
teacher.setName("FTT");
teacher.setAge(88);
teacher.setSex("FF");
teacher.setTeacherId(2);
return teacher;
}

private Student simulateStudent() {
Student student = new Student();
student.setName("FSS");
student.setAge(22);
student.setSex("MM");
student.setStudentId(2);
return student;
}

}

配置文件:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd">

<!-- 扫描类包,将标注Spring注解的类自动转化Bean,同时完成Bean的注入 -->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.xgj.dao.transaction.nestedCall" />

<!-- 使用context命名空间,配置数据库的properties文件 -->
<context:property-placeholder location="classpath:spring/jdbc.properties" />

<bean id="dataSource" class="org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource"
destroy-method="close"
p:driverClassName="${jdbc.driverClassName}"
p:url="${jdbc.url}"
p:username="${jdbc.username}"
p:password="${jdbc.password}" />

<!-- 配置Jdbc模板 -->
<bean id="jdbcTemplate" class="org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate"
p:dataSource-ref="dataSource" />

<!--事务管理器,通过属性引用数据源 -->
<bean id="jdbcManager"
class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager"
p:dataSource-ref="dataSource"/>


<!-- 通过以下配置为继承BaseService的所有子类的所有public方法添加事务增强 -->
<aop:config proxy-target-class="true">
<!-- 切点 -->
<aop:pointcut id="serviceJdbcMethod" expression="within(com.xgj.dao.transaction.nestedCall.service.BaseService+)"/>
<!-- 切面 -->
<aop:advisor pointcut-ref="serviceJdbcMethod" advice-ref="txAdvice"/>
</aop:config>

<!-- 增强,供aop:advisor引用 -->
<tx:advice id="txAdvice" transaction-manager="jdbcManager">
<tx:attributes>
<tx:method name="*"/>
</tx:attributes>
</tx:advice>

</beans>

通过Spring配置为TeacherService以及StudentService中的所有公共方法都添加Spring AOP的事务增强,让TeacherService的doSomething()和udpateTeacherInfo()以及StudentService的updateSutdent方法都工作在事务环境下。

关键代码:

<aop:pointcut  id="serviceJdbcMethod" expression="within(com.xgj.dao.transaction.nestedCall.service.BaseService+)"/>

我们将日志级别调整为DEBUG,运行测试类

package com.xgj.dao.transaction.nestedCall.service;

import org.junit.After;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

public class TeacherServiceTest {

ClassPathXmlApplicationContext ctx = null;
TeacherService teacherService = null;

@Before
public void initContext() {
// 启动Spring 容器
ctx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(
"classpath:com/xgj/dao/transaction/nestedCall/conf_tx_nestedCall.xml");
teacherService = ctx.getBean("teacherService", TeacherService.class);
System.out.println("initContext successfully");
}

@Test
public void testNestedCallInOneTransaction() {
teacherService.doSomething();
}

@After
public void closeContext() {
if (ctx != null) {
ctx.close();
}
System.out.println("close context successfully");
}
}

观察日志:

2017-09-24 18:36:23,428 DEBUG [main] (AbstractPlatformTransactionManager.java:367) - Creating new transaction with name [com.xgj.dao.transaction.nestedCall.service.TeacherService.doSomething]: PROPAGATION_REQUIRED,ISOLATION_DEFAULT
2017-09-24 18:36:23,777 DEBUG [main] (DataSourceTransactionManager.java:248) - Acquired Connection [jdbc:oracle:thin:@172.25.246.11:1521:testbed, UserName=CC, Oracle JDBC driver] for JDBC transaction
2017-09-24 18:36:23,781 DEBUG [main] (DataSourceTransactionManager.java:265) - Switching JDBC Connection [jdbc:oracle:thin:@172.25.246.11:1521:testbed, UserName=CC, Oracle JDBC driver] to manual commit
2017-09-24 18:36:23,820 INFO [main] (TeacherService.java:52) - before TeacherService#udpateTeacherInfo
2017-09-24 18:36:23,824 DEBUG [main] (JdbcTemplate.java:869) - Executing prepared SQL update
2017-09-24 18:36:23,825 DEBUG [main] (JdbcTemplate.java:616) - Executing prepared SQL statement [update teacher set name = ? ,age = ? ,sex = ? where id = ?]
2017-09-24 18:36:23,974 DEBUG [main] (JdbcTemplate.java:879) - SQL update affected 1 rows
2017-09-24 18:36:23,978 INFO [main] (TeacherDaoImpl.java:64) - updateTeacher successfully
2017-09-24 18:36:23,978 INFO [main] (TeacherService.java:55) - after TeacherService#udpateTeacherInfo
2017-09-24 18:36:23,978 INFO [main] (TeacherService.java:58) - before StudentService#updateSutdent
2017-09-24 18:36:23,978 DEBUG [main] (AbstractPlatformTransactionManager.java:476) - Participating in existing transaction
2017-09-24 18:36:24,004 DEBUG [main] (JdbcTemplate.java:869) - Executing prepared SQL update
2017-09-24 18:36:24,005 DEBUG [main] (JdbcTemplate.java:616) - Executing prepared SQL statement [update student set name = ? ,age = ? ,sex = ? where id = ?]
2017-09-24 18:36:24,007 DEBUG [main] (JdbcTemplate.java:879) - SQL update affected 1 rows
2017-09-24 18:36:24,007 INFO [main] (StudentDaoImpl.java:82) - updateStudent successfully
2017-09-24 18:36:24,008 INFO [main] (TeacherService.java:60) - after StudentService#updateSutdent
2017-09-24 18:36:24,008 DEBUG [main] (AbstractPlatformTransactionManager.java:759) - Initiating transaction commit
2017-09-24 18:36:24,008 DEBUG [main] (DataSourceTransactionManager.java:310) - Committing JDBC transaction on Connection [jdbc:oracle:thin:@172.25.246.11:1521:testbed, UserName=CC, Oracle JDBC driver]

Creating new transaction with name [com.xgj.dao.transaction.nestedCall.service.TeacherService.doSomething]: PROPAGATION_REQUIRED,ISOLATION_DEFAULT

为TeacherService#doSomething开启一个事务, 然后直接执行udpateTeacherInfo方法,由于doSomething和udpateTeacherInfo在一个类中,没有观察到有事务传播行为的发生,

然而当执行到updateSutdent方法时,我们观察到一个事务传播行为: Participating in existing transaction ,这说明 StudentService#updateSutdent方法添加到了TeacherService#doSomething()方法的事务上下文中,二者共享同一个事务。 所以最终的结果是TeacherService的doSomething 和 udpateTeacherInfo 以及 StudentService#updateSutdent()方法工作在同一个事务中。

最后 Initiating transaction commit—-提交事务


源码

代码已托管到Github—> ​​https://github.com/yangshangwei/SpringMaster​