Pytorch-基于Transformer的情感分类

        

 

目录

  • 1. 数据预处理
  • 2. 定义模型    
    • 2.1 Embedding
    • 2.2 PositionalEncoding
    • 2.3 MultiHeadAttention
    • 2.4 MyTransformerModel
  • 3. 训练、评估函数

 


笔记摘抄

Transformer模型(文本分类仅用到Encoder部分):

Pytorch-基于Transformer的情感分类_Pytorch

Pytorch-基于Transformer的情感分类_Pytorch_02

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1. 数据预处理
import numpy as npimport torchfrom torch import nn, optimimport torch.nn.functional as Ffrom torchtext import dataimport mathimport timefrom torch.autograd import Variableimport copyimport random

SEED = 126
BATCH_SIZE = 128
EMBEDDING_DIM = 100 # 词向量维度
LEARNING_RATE = 1e-3 # 学习率

# 设置device
device = torch.device(‘cuda’ if torch.cuda.is_available() else ‘cpu’)

#为了保证实验结果可以复现,我们经常会把各种random seed固定在某一个值
random.seed(SEED)
np.random.seed(SEED)
torch.manual_seed(SEED)

# 两个Field对象定义字段的处理方法(文本字段、标签字段)
TEXT = data.Field(tokenize=lambda x: x.split(), batch_first=True, lower=True) # 是否Batch_first. 默认值: False.
LABEL = data.LabelField(dtype=torch.float)

# get_dataset: 返回Dataset所需的 text 和 label
def get_dataset(corpus_path, text_field, label_field):
fields = [(‘text’, text_field), (‘label’, label_field)] # torchtext文本配对关系
examples = []

with open(corpus_path) as f:
    li = []    while True:
        content = f.readline().replace('\n', '')        if not content:     # 为空行,表示取完一次数据(一次的数据保存在li中)
            if not li:                break
            label = li[0][10]
            text = li[1][6:-7]
            examples.append(data.Example.fromlist([text, label], fields=fields))
            li = []        else:
            li.append(content)return examples, fields

 

# 得到构建Dataset所需的examples 和 fields
train_examples, train_fileds = get_dataset(’./corpus/trains.txt’, TEXT, LABEL)
dev_examples, dev_fields = get_dataset(’./corpus/dev.txt’, TEXT, LABEL)
test_examples, test_fields = get_dataset(’./corpus/tests.txt’, TEXT, LABEL)

# 构建Dataset数据集
train_data = data.Dataset(train_examples, train_fileds)
dev_data = data.Dataset(dev_examples, dev_fields)
test_data = data.Dataset(test_examples, test_fields)
# for t in test_data:
# print(t.text, t.label)

print(‘len of train data:’, len(train_data)) # 1000
print(‘len of dev data:’, len(dev_data)) # 200
print(‘len of test data:’, len(test_data)) # 300

# 创建vocabulary
TEXT.build_vocab(train_data, max_size=5000, vectors=‘glove.6B.100d’)
LABEL.build_vocab(train_data)
print(len(TEXT.vocab)) # 3287
print(TEXT.vocab.itos[:12]) # [’
print(TEXT.vocab.stoi[‘love’]) # 129
# print(TEXT.vocab.stoi) # defaultdict {’

# 创建iterators, 每个iteration都会返回一个batch的example
train_iterator, dev_iterator, test_iterator = data.BucketIterator.splits(
(train_data, dev_data, test_data),
batch_size=BATCH_SIZE,
device=device,
sort = False)

len of train data: 1000len of dev data: 200len of test data: 3003287['', '', 'the', 'and', 'a', 'to', 'is', 'was', 'i', 'of', 'for', 'in']129

 

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2. 定义模型

2.1 Embedding

class InputEmbeddings(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, vocab_size, embedding_dim):
        super(InputEmbeddings, self).__init__()
        self.embedding_dim = embedding_dim
        self.embed = nn.Embedding(vocab_size, embedding_dim)def forward(self, x):
    return self.embed(x) * math.sqrt(self.embedding_dim)

 

2.2 PositionalEncoding

 

Pytorch-基于Transformer的情感分类_Pytorch_03

class PositionalEncoding(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, embedding_dim, dropout, max_len=5000):
        super(PositionalEncoding, self).__init__()
        self.dropout = nn.Dropout(p=dropout)    pe = torch.zeros(max_len, embedding_dim)
    
    position = torch.arange(0., max_len).unsqueeze(1)   # [max_len, 1], 位置编码
    div_term = torch.exp(torch.arange(0., embedding_dim, 2) * -(math.log(10000.0) / embedding_dim))
    
    pe[:, 0::2] = torch.sin(position * div_term)
    pe[:, 1::2] = torch.cos(position * div_term)
    pe = pe.unsqueeze(0)              # 增加维度
    print(pe.shape)
    
    self.register_buffer('pe', pe)    # 内存中定一个常量,模型保存和加载的时候,可以写入和读出
    def forward(self, x):
    x = x + Variable(self.pe[:, :x.size(1)], requires_grad=False) # Embedding + PositionalEncoding
    return self.dropout(x)

 

2.3 MultiHeadAttention

 

self-attention-->建立一个全连接的网络结构

def clones(module, N):
    return nn.ModuleList([copy.deepcopy(module) for _ in range(N)])

def attention(query, key, value, mask=None, dropout=None): # q,k,v: [batch, h, seq_len, d_k]
d_k = query.size(-1) # query的维度
scores = torch.matmul(query, key.transpose(-2, -1)) / math.sqrt(d_k) # 打分机制 [batch, h, seq_len, seq_len]

if mask is not None:
    scores = scores.masked_fill(mask == 0, -1e9) # mask==0的内容填充-1e9, 使计算softmax时概率接近0p_atten = F.softmax(scores, dim = -1)            # 对最后一个维度归一化得分, [batch, h, seq_len, seq_len]if dropout is not None:
    p_atten = dropout(p_atten)    
return torch.matmul(p_atten, value), p_atten  # [batch, h, seq_len, d_k]

 

# 建立一个全连接的网络结构
class MultiHeadedAttention(nn.Module):
def init(self, h, embedding_dim, dropout=0.1):
super(MultiHeadedAttention, self).init()
assert embedding_dim % h == 0

    self.d_k = embedding_dim // h   # 将 embedding_dim 分割成 h份 后的维度
    self.h = h                      # h 指的是 head数量
    self.linears = clones(nn.Linear(embedding_dim, embedding_dim), 4)  
    self.dropout = nn.Dropout(p = dropout)def forward(self, query, key, value, mask = None):  # q,k,v: [batch, seq_len, embedding_dim]
    
    if mask is not None:
        mask = mask.unsqueeze(1)     # [batch, seq_len, 1]
    nbatches = query.size(0)             
    
    # 1. Do all the linear projections(线性预测) in batch from embeddding_dim => h x d_k
    # [batch, seq_len, h, d_k] -> [batch, h, seq_len, d_k]
    query, key, value = [l(x).view(nbatches, -1, self.h, self.d_k).transpose(1, 2) 
                             for l, x in zip(self.linears, (query, key, value))]    
    # 2. Apply attention on all the projected vectors in batch.
    # atten:[batch, h, seq_len, d_k], p_atten: [batch, h, seq_len, seq_len]
    attn, p_atten = attention(query, key, value, mask=mask, dropout=self.dropout)    
    # 3. "Concat" using a view and apply a final linear.
    # [batch, h, seq_len, d_k]->[batch, seq_len, embedding_dim]
    attn = attn.transpose(1, 2).contiguous().view(nbatches, -1, self.h * self.d_k)    
    return self.linears[-1](attn)

 

 

2.4 MyTransformerModel

 

class MyTransformerModel(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, vocab_size, embedding_dim, p_drop, h, output_size):
        super(MyTransformerModel, self).__init__()
        self.drop = nn.Dropout(p_drop)        
        # Embeddings, 
        self.embeddings = InputEmbeddings(vocab_size=vocab_size, embedding_dim=embedding_dim)        # H: [e_x1 + p_1, e_x2 + p_2, ....]
        self.position = PositionalEncoding(embedding_dim, p_drop)        # Multi-Head Attention
        self.atten = MultiHeadedAttention(h, embedding_dim)       # self-attention-->建立一个全连接的网络结构
        # 层归一化(LayerNorm)
        self.norm = nn.LayerNorm(embedding_dim)        # Feed Forward
        self.linear = nn.Linear(embedding_dim, output_size)        # 初始化参数
        self.init_weights()        
    def init_weights(self):
        init_range = 0.1
        self.linear.bias.data.zero_()
        self.linear.weight.data.uniform_(-init_range, init_range)    
    def forward(self, inputs, mask):      # 维度均为: [batch, seq_len]
        
        embeded = self.embeddings(inputs) # 1. InputEmbedding [batch, seq_len, embedding_dim] #         print(embeded.shape)              # torch.Size([36, 104, 100])
        
        embeded = self.position(embeded)  # 2. PosionalEncoding [batch, seq_len, embedding_dim]#         print(embeded.shape)              # torch.Size([36, 104, 100])
        
        mask = mask.unsqueeze(2)          # [batch, seq_len, 1]

        # 3.1 MultiHeadedAttention [batch, seq_len. embedding_dim]
        inp_atten = self.atten(embeded, embeded, embeded, mask)  
        # 3.2 LayerNorm [batch, seq_len, embedding_dim]
        inp_atten = self.norm(inp_atten + embeded)#         print(inp_atten.shape)            # torch.Size([36, 104, 100])
        
        # 4. Masked, [batch, seq_len, embedding_dim]
        inp_atten = inp_atten * mask        # torch.Size([36, 104, 100])         #         print(inp_atten.sum(1).shape, mask.sum(1).shape)  # [batch, emb_dim], [batch, 1]
        b_avg = inp_atten.sum(1) / (mask.sum(1) + 1e-5)  # [batch, embedding_dim]
        
        return self.linear(b_avg).squeeze()              # [batch, 1] -> [batch]

 

使用模型,使用预训练过的embedding来替换随机初始化,定义优化器、损失函数。

model = MyTransformerModel(len(TEXT.vocab), EMBEDDING_DIM, p_drop=0.5, h=2, output_size=1)

pretrained_embedding = TEXT.vocab.vectors
print(‘pretrained_embedding:’, pretrained_embedding.shape) #torch.Size([3287, 100])
model.embeddings.embed.weight.data.copy_(pretrained_embedding) #embeddings是MyTransformerModel的参数, embed是InputEmbedding的参数
print(‘embedding layer inited.’)

optimizer = optim.Adam(model.parameters(), lr=1e-3, weight_decay=0.001)
criteon = nn.BCEWithLogitsLoss()

pretrained_embedding: torch.Size([3287, 100])
embedding layer inited.

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3. 训练、评估函数

常规套路:计算准确率、训练函数、评估函数、打印模型表现、用保存的模型参数预测测试数据。

#计算准确率def binary_acc(preds, y):preds = torch.round(torch.sigmoid(preds))
correct = torch.eq(preds, y).float()
acc = correct.sum() / len(correct)return acc

#训练函数
def train(model, iterator, optimizer, criteon):

avg_loss = []
avg_acc = []
model.train()        #表示进入训练模式for i, batch in enumerate(iterator):

    mask = 1 - (batch.text == TEXT.vocab.stoi['<pad>']).float()   #[batch, seq_len]增加了这句,其他都一样
    pred = model(batch.text, mask)

    loss = criteon(pred, batch.label)
    acc = binary_acc(pred, batch.label).item()   #计算每个batch的准确率
    avg_loss.append(loss.item())
    avg_acc.append(acc)

    optimizer.zero_grad()
    loss.backward()
    optimizer.step()

avg_acc = np.array(avg_acc).mean()
avg_loss = np.array(avg_loss).mean()return avg_loss, avg_acc

 

#评估函数
def evaluate(model, iterator, criteon):

avg_loss = []
avg_acc = []
model.eval()         #表示进入测试模式with torch.no_grad():    for batch in iterator:
        mask = 1 - (batch.text == TEXT.vocab.stoi['<pad>']).float()
        pred = model(batch.text, mask)
        
        loss = criteon(pred, batch.label)
        acc = binary_acc(pred, batch.label).item()
        avg_loss.append(loss.item())
        avg_acc.append(acc)

avg_loss = np.array(avg_loss).mean()
avg_acc = np.array(avg_acc).mean()return avg_loss, avg_acc

 

#训练模型,并打印模型的表现
best_valid_acc = float(’-inf’)

for epoch in range(30):

start_time = time.time()

train_loss, train_acc = train(model, train_iterator, optimizer, criteon)
dev_loss, dev_acc = evaluate(model, dev_iterator, criteon)

end_time = time.time()

epoch_mins, epoch_secs = divmod(end_time - start_time, 60)if dev_acc > best_valid_acc:          #只要模型效果变好,就保存
    best_valid_acc = dev_acc
    torch.save(model.state_dict(), 'wordavg-model.pt')

print(f'Epoch: {epoch+1:02} | Epoch Time: {epoch_mins}m {epoch_secs:.2f}s')
print(f'\tTrain Loss: {train_loss:.3f} | Train Acc: {train_acc*100:.2f}%')
print(f'\t Val. Loss: {dev_loss:.3f} |  Val. Acc: {dev_acc*100:.2f}%')

 

#用保存的模型参数预测数据
model.load_state_dict(torch.load(“wordavg-model.pt”))
test_loss, test_acc = evaluate(model, test_iterator, criteon)
print(f’Test. Loss: {test_loss:.3f} | Test. Acc: {test_acc*100:.2f}%’)

Epoch: 01 | Epoch Time: 0.0m 3.05s
Train Loss: 0.695 | Train Acc: 51.55%
Val. Loss: 0.685 | Val. Acc: 51.35%
Epoch: 02 | Epoch Time: 0.0m 2.70s
Train Loss: 0.672 | Train Acc: 58.59%
Val. Loss: 0.641 | Val. Acc: 63.93%
Epoch: 03 | Epoch Time: 0.0m 2.82s
Train Loss: 0.642 | Train Acc: 66.61%
Val. Loss: 0.628 | Val. Acc: 64.32%
Epoch: 04 | Epoch Time: 0.0m 2.88s
Train Loss: 0.620 | Train Acc: 66.31%
Val. Loss: 0.600 | Val. Acc: 68.19%
Epoch: 05 | Epoch Time: 0.0m 3.17s
Train Loss: 0.579 | Train Acc: 71.15%
Val. Loss: 0.672 | Val. Acc: 61.63%
Epoch: 06 | Epoch Time: 0.0m 3.11s
Train Loss: 0.574 | Train Acc: 71.91%
Val. Loss: 0.578 | Val. Acc: 70.53%
Epoch: 07 | Epoch Time: 0.0m 2.78s
Train Loss: 0.525 | Train Acc: 73.71%
Val. Loss: 0.617 | Val. Acc: 68.92%
Epoch: 08 | Epoch Time: 0.0m 2.85s
Train Loss: 0.499 | Train Acc: 77.68%
Val. Loss: 0.535 | Val. Acc: 75.26%
Epoch: 09 | Epoch Time: 0.0m 3.53s
Train Loss: 0.457 | Train Acc: 80.94%
Val. Loss: 0.536 | Val. Acc: 75.74%
Epoch: 10 | Epoch Time: 0.0m 4.77s
Train Loss: 0.423 | Train Acc: 82.97%
Val. Loss: 0.527 | Val. Acc: 73.48%
Epoch: 11 | Epoch Time: 0.0m 3.57s
Train Loss: 0.372 | Train Acc: 85.79%
Val. Loss: 0.624 | Val. Acc: 72.57%
Epoch: 12 | Epoch Time: 0.0m 4.01s
Train Loss: 0.341 | Train Acc: 87.21%
Val. Loss: 0.549 | Val. Acc: 71.79%
Epoch: 13 | Epoch Time: 0.0m 7.35s
Train Loss: 0.334 | Train Acc: 86.67%
Val. Loss: 0.725 | Val. Acc: 66.45%
Epoch: 14 | Epoch Time: 0.0m 3.95s
Train Loss: 0.296 | Train Acc: 90.15%
Val. Loss: 0.559 | Val. Acc: 75.56%
Epoch: 15 | Epoch Time: 0.0m 4.90s
Train Loss: 0.290 | Train Acc: 90.29%
Val. Loss: 0.860 | Val. Acc: 65.89%
Epoch: 16 | Epoch Time: 0.0m 3.09s
Train Loss: 0.272 | Train Acc: 89.90%
Val. Loss: 0.598 | Val. Acc: 71.22%
Epoch: 17 | Epoch Time: 0.0m 4.81s
Train Loss: 0.276 | Train Acc: 90.30%
Val. Loss: 0.871 | Val. Acc: 66.36%
Epoch: 18 | Epoch Time: 0.0m 3.16s
Train Loss: 0.275 | Train Acc: 89.87%
Val. Loss: 0.772 | Val. Acc: 70.40%
Epoch: 19 | Epoch Time: 0.0m 3.18s
Train Loss: 0.251 | Train Acc: 90.88%
Val. Loss: 0.657 | Val. Acc: 72.40%
Epoch: 20 | Epoch Time: 0.0m 3.06s
Train Loss: 0.230 | Train Acc: 91.81%
Val. Loss: 0.720 | Val. Acc: 72.79%
Epoch: 21 | Epoch Time: 0.0m 3.08s
Train Loss: 0.235 | Train Acc: 92.53%
Val. Loss: 0.769 | Val. Acc: 72.79%
Epoch: 22 | Epoch Time: 0.0m 4.40s
Train Loss: 0.238 | Train Acc: 92.29%
Val. Loss: 0.729 | Val. Acc: 77.13%
Epoch: 23 | Epoch Time: 0.0m 5.32s
Train Loss: 0.228 | Train Acc: 91.69%
Val. Loss: 0.678 | Val. Acc: 74.87%
Epoch: 24 | Epoch Time: 0.0m 3.72s
Train Loss: 0.220 | Train Acc: 92.08%
Val. Loss: 0.764 | Val. Acc: 76.82%
Epoch: 25 | Epoch Time: 0.0m 5.54s
Train Loss: 0.206 | Train Acc: 92.35%
Val. Loss: 1.014 | Val. Acc: 71.01%
Epoch: 26 | Epoch Time: 0.0m 3.50s
Train Loss: 0.200 | Train Acc: 93.98%
Val. Loss: 0.955 | Val. Acc: 71.70%
Epoch: 27 | Epoch Time: 0.0m 3.21s
Train Loss: 0.197 | Train Acc: 93.49%
Val. Loss: 0.912 | Val. Acc: 72.87%
Epoch: 28 | Epoch Time: 0.0m 3.96s
Train Loss: 0.185 | Train Acc: 93.19%
Val. Loss: 0.639 | Val. Acc: 78.39%
Epoch: 29 | Epoch Time: 0.0m 3.88s
Train Loss: 0.188 | Train Acc: 94.74%
Val. Loss: 0.778 | Val. Acc: 73.26%
Epoch: 30 | Epoch Time: 0.0m 3.83s
Train Loss: 0.175 | Train Acc: 94.01%
Val. Loss: 0.935 | Val. Acc: 71.40%
Test. Loss: 0.713 | Test. Acc: 78.31