文章目录
- 软件包
- 查看安装包的内容
- 查看配置信息
- 查看文件帮助信息
- 升级软件包
- 清空本机所有的yum源
- yum源命令
- yum源的执行原理
- yum常用的基础命令
- 本地yum源配置
- 共享yum源配置
- yum的配置
软件包
rpm包来源
1、来源网络下载
2、来源本地：自己的镜像自带的rpm包
rpm命令
```bash
# 安装
rpm -ivh xxx.rpm
# http://nginx.org/packages/centos/7/x86_64/RPMS/
-v : 显示安装过程
-i ：显示安装包的详细信息
-h : 安装包哈希标记
# 下载Nginx rpm安装包的全名
[root@localhost ~]# wget http://nginx.org/packages/centos/7/x86_64/RPMS/nginx-1.18.0-1.el7.ngx.x86_64.rpm
--2021-03-17 12:16:47-- http://nginx.org/packages/centos/7/x86_64/RPMS/nginx-1.18.0-1.el7.ngx.x86_64.rpm
Resolving nginx.org (nginx.org)... 52.58.199.22, 3.125.197.172, 2a05:d014:edb:5702::6, ...
Connecting to nginx.org (nginx.org)|52.58.199.22|:80... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 790284 (772K) [application/x-redhat-package-manager]
Saving to: ‘nginx-1.18.0-1.el7.ngx.x86_64.rpm’
100%[====================================================>] 790,284 339KB/s in 2.3s
2021-03-17 12:16:51 (339 KB/s) - ‘nginx-1.18.0-1.el7.ngx.x86_64.rpm’ saved [790284/790284]
# 安装rpm安装包
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -ivh nginx-1.18.0-1.el7.ngx.x86_64.rpm
warning: nginx-1.18.0-1.el7.ngx.x86_64.rpm: Header V4 RSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 7bd9bf62: NOKEY
Preparing... ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...
1:nginx-1:1.18.0-1.el7.ngx ################################# [100%]
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Thanks for using nginx!
Please find the official documentation for nginx here:
* http://nginx.org/en/docs/
Please subscribe to nginx-announce mailing list to get
the most important news about nginx:
* http://nginx.org/en/support.html
Commercial subscriptions for nginx are available on:
* http://nginx.com/products/
----------------------------------------------------------------------
# 验证nginx是否安装成功
[root@localhost ~]# nginx -v
nginx version: nginx/1.18.0
卸载
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -e nginx (软件包名称)
[root@localhost ~]# nginx -v
-bash: /usr/sbin/nginx: No such file or directory
[root@localhost ~]#
查看系统当中安装了哪些rpm软件包
rpm -qa
# 查看系统当中是否安装了某个rpm软件包
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -q nginx（软件包名）
nginx-1.18.0-1.el7.ngx.x86_64
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -q safsdgsfdgfd
package safsdgsfdgfd is not installed
显示已经安装过的rpm包详细信息。
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -qi nginx
Name : nginx
Epoch : 1
Version : 1.18.0
Release : 1.el7.ngx
Architecture: x86_64
Install Date: Wed 17 Mar 2021 04:18:55 PM CST
Group : System Environment/Daemons
Size : 2830028
License : 2-clause BSD-like license
Signature : RSA/SHA1, Tue 21 Apr 2020 11:19:18 PM CST, Key ID abf5bd827bd9bf62
Source RPM : nginx-1.18.0-1.el7.ngx.src.rpm
Build Date : Tue 21 Apr 2020 11:07:33 PM CST
Build Host : ip-10-1-17-101.eu-central-1.compute.internal
Relocations : (not relocatable)
Vendor : Nginx, Inc.
URL : http://nginx.org/
Summary : High performance web server
Description :
nginx [engine x] is an HTTP and reverse proxy server, as well as
a mail proxy server.
查看安装包的内容
[root@localhost nginx]# rpm -ql nginx
/etc/logrotate.d/nginx
/etc/nginx
/etc/nginx/conf.d
/etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf
/etc/nginx/fastcgi_params
/etc/nginx/koi-utf
/etc/nginx/koi-win
/etc/nginx/mime.types
/etc/nginx/modules
/etc/nginx/nginx.conf
/etc/nginx/scgi_params
/etc/nginx/uwsgi_params
/etc/nginx/win-utf
/etc/sysconfig/nginx
/etc/sysconfig/nginx-debug
/usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx-debug.service
/usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service
/usr/lib64/nginx
/usr/lib64/nginx/modules
/usr/libexec/initscripts/legacy-actions/nginx
/usr/libexec/initscripts/legacy-actions/nginx/check-reload
/usr/libexec/initscripts/legacy-actions/nginx/upgrade
/usr/sbin/nginx
/usr/sbin/nginx-debug
/usr/share/doc/nginx-1.18.0
/usr/share/doc/nginx-1.18.0/COPYRIGHT
/usr/share/man/man8/nginx.8.gz
/usr/share/nginx
/usr/share/nginx/html
/usr/share/nginx/html/50x.html
/usr/share/nginx/html/index.html
/var/cache/nginx
/var/log/nginx
查看配置信息
[root@localhost nginx]# rpm -qc nginx
/etc/logrotate.d/nginx
/etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf
/etc/nginx/fastcgi_params
/etc/nginx/koi-utf
/etc/nginx/koi-win
/etc/nginx/mime.types
/etc/nginx/nginx.conf
/etc/nginx/scgi_params
/etc/nginx/uwsgi_params
/etc/nginx/win-utf
/etc/sysconfig/nginx
/etc/sysconfig/nginx-debug
查看文件帮助信息
[root@localhost nginx]# rpm -qd zlib
/usr/share/doc/zlib-1.2.7/ChangeLog
/usr/share/doc/zlib-1.2.7/FAQ
/usr/share/doc/zlib-1.2.7/README
#
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -qf /usr/sbin/nginx
nginx-1.18.0-1.el7.ngx.x86_64
# 用 -p 可以查看未安装软件包的详细信息
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -qip nginx-1.18.0-1.el7.ngx.x86_64.rpm
warning: nginx-1.18.0-1.el7.ngx.x86_64.rpm: Header V4 RSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 7bd9bf62: NOKEY
Name : nginx
Epoch : 1
Version : 1.18.0
Release : 1.el7.ngx
Architecture: x86_64
Install Date: (not installed)
Group : System Environment/Daemons
Size : 2830028
License : 2-clause BSD-like license
Signature : RSA/SHA1, Tue 21 Apr 2020 11:19:18 PM CST, Key ID abf5bd827bd9bf62
Source RPM : nginx-1.18.0-1.el7.ngx.src.rpm
Build Date : Tue 21 Apr 2020 11:07:33 PM CST
Build Host : ip-10-1-17-101.eu-central-1.compute.internal
Relocations : (not relocatable)
Vendor : Nginx, Inc.
URL : http://nginx.org/
Summary : High performance web server
Description :
nginx [engine x] is an HTTP and reverse proxy server, as well as
a mail proxy server.
升级软件包
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -Uvh nginx-1.18.0-1.el7.ngx.x86_64.rpm
warning: nginx-1.18.0-1.el7.ngx.x86_64.rpm: Header V4 RSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 7bd9bf62: NOKEY
Preparing... ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...
1:nginx-1:1.18.0-1.el7.ngx ################################# [ 50%]
Cleaning up / removing...
2:nginx-1:1.14.0-1.el7_4.ngx ################################# [100%]
[root@localhost ~]# nginx -v
nginx version: nginx/1.18.0
# 强制删除软件包--nodeps
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -e zlib --nodeps
```
## yum
> yum是CentOS的软件包管理工具，自动为我们解决软件依赖问题。yum包管理工具必须使用yum源指定软件下载地址去下载需要安装的软件包。配置的路径是：/etc/yum.repos.d
清空本机所有的yum源
[root@www yum.repos.d]# rm -rf /etc/yum.repos.d/*
yum源命令
```bash
# 查看当前系统的yum源列表
[root@www yum.repos.d]# yum repolist
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
repo id repo name status
base "This is local repo, and 非常屌" 10,072
repolist: 10,072
# yum清空缓存
[root@www yum.repos.d]# yum clean all
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Cleaning repos: base
Cleaning up list of fastest mirrors
Other repos take up 76 M of disk space (use --verbose for details)
# 建立yum缓存
[root@www yum.repos.d]# yum makecache
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
yum源的执行原理
1、需要在/etc/yum.repos.d/目录下配置yum源地址
2、清空缓存建立新的缓存
3、安装软件（自动解决依赖关系）
yum常用的基础命令
# 安装软件包的命令
yum install 软件包名称
-y : 免交互安装
# 卸载软件（直接将软件的依赖包一起删除）
yum remove 软件包名称
[root@www yum.repos.d]# yum remove httpd
-y : 免交互移除
# 查看当前系统需要更新软件
yum check-update
# 更新所有的需要更新的软件
yum update
-y ： 免交互
# 更新某一个软件
yum update (软件包名称)
# 重装软件
yum reinstall (软件包名称)
# 搜索软件包
[root@www httpd]# yum search （软件包名称）
-------------------------------------------------------
# 查看yum执行历史
yum history
[root@www httpd]# yum history info (历史ID号)
[root@www httpd]# yum history undo (历史ID号)
# 查看当前系统当中可更新的软件包
[root@www yum.repos.d]# yum check-update
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
postfix.x86_64 2:2.10.1-9.0.1.el7.centos.plus centosplus
python-perf.x86_64 3.10.0-1160.15.2.el7.centos.plus centosplus
[root@www yum.repos.d]#
# 查看系统中有哪些仓库地址
yum repolist # 正在启用的yum仓库
[root@www yum.repos.d]# yum repolist
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
repo id repo name status
base/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Base - repo.huaweicloud.com 10,072
extras/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Extras - repo.huaweicloud.com 453
updates/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Updates - repo.huaweicloud.com 1,729
yum repolist all # 查看系统中所有的yum仓库
[root@www yum.repos.d]# yum repolist all
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
repo id repo name status
base/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Base - repo.huaweicloud.com enabled: 10,072
centosplus/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Plus - repo.huaweicloud.com disabled
extras/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Extras - repo.huaweicloud.com enabled: 453
updates/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Updates - repo.huaweicloud.com enabled: 1,72
# 启用repo仓库
yum install yum-utils -y
启用一个yum仓库：yum-config-manager --enable (仓库名称)
关闭一个yum仓库：yum-config-manager --disable (仓库名称)
# 查看一个仓库中的软件包列表
[root@www yum.repos.d]# yum list
# 查看软件包组
[root@www yum.repos.d]# yum grouplist
# 安装软件包组
[root@www yum.repos.d]# yum groupinstall "Development Tools"
本地yum源配置
1、备份/etc/yum.repos.d/下的所文件
rm -rf /etc/yum.repos.d/*
2、编写本地杯子源
[root@www yum.repos.d]# cat 杯子.repo
[杯子] # yum源名称
name="这是一个杯子" #yum源的简介
baseurl=http://nginx.org/packages/centos/7/x86_64/RPMS/nginx-1.10.0-1.el7.ngx.x86_64.rpm # 指定yum源地址
enabled=1 # 是否启用yum源
gpgcheck=0 # 是否检查gpg秘钥
3、更新缓存
yum makecache
4、安装软件
yum install
共享yum源配置
1、安装ftp
yum install vsftpd -y
2、启动vsftpd
systemctl enable --now vsftpd # 设置开机自启动并且立即启动
3、创建yum源共享文件夹
[root@www ftp]# mkdir /var/ftp/centos
4、将映像中的软件复制到/var/ftp/centos
cp -rp /opt/* /var/ftp/centos
5、编辑本地yum源，接入ftp
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# cat local.repo
[base]
baseurl=ftp://192.168.15.100/centos
name="This is ftp repo"
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
6、测试安装
yum install
yum的配置
# yum仓库的机器上执行
1、修改/etc/yum.conf
cachedir=/var/ftp/centos/Packages # 指定yum缓存目录
keepcache=1 # 下载的缓存软件不立即删除， 0为立即删除
2、安装ftp
yum install vsftpd -y
3、启动vsftpd
systemctl enable --now vsftpd # 设置开机自启动并且立即启动
4、创建yum源共享文件夹
[root@www ftp]# mkdir /var/ftp/centos
5、更新yum仓库
[root@www ftp]# yum clean all
[root@www ftp]# yum makecache
6、建立一个快捷方式
cd /var/ftp/centos/Packages/base
ln -s abc Packages
7、安装mariadb
yum install mariadb -y
8、建立/var/ftp/centos/Packages/base/repodata
mkdir /var/ftp/centos/Packages/base/repodata
9、把/var/ftp/centos/Packages/base下面的自动生成的压缩文件复制到/var/ftp/centos/Packages/base/repodata用做认证。
# 使用yum仓库的机器上执行
1、建立yum配置文件
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/yum.repos.d/local.repo
[base]
baseurl=ftp://192.168.15.100/centos/Packages/base
name="This is ftp repo"
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
2、更新yum仓库
[root@www ftp]# yum clean all
[root@www ftp]# yum makecache
3、测试安装mariadb
yum install
