@OneToOne or @ManyToOne
Caused by: org.hibernate.AnnotationException: @OneToOne or @ManyToOne on com.lpp.domain.User.roles references an unknown entity: java.util.List
at org.hibernate.cfg.ToOneFkSecondPass.doSecondPass(ToOneFkSecondPass.java:97) ~[hibernate-core-5.0.11.Final.jar:5.0.11.Final]
at org.hibernate.boot.internal.InFlightMetadataCollectorImpl.processEndOfQueue(InFlightMetadataCollectorImpl.java:1786) ~[hibernate-core-5.0.11.Final.jar:5.0.11.Final]
at org.hibernate.boot.internal.InFlightMetadataCollectorImpl.processFkSecondPassesInOrder(InFlightMetadataCollectorImpl.java:1730) ~[hibernate-core-5.0.11.Final.jar:5.0.11.Final]
at org.hibernate.boot.internal.InFlightMetadataCollectorImpl.processSecondPasses(InFlightMetadataCollectorImpl.java:1617) ~[hibernate-core-5.0.11.Final.jar:5.0.11.Final]
at org.hibernate.boot.model.process.spi.MetadataBuildingProcess.complete(MetadataBuildingProcess.java:278) ~[hibernate-core-5.0.11.Final.jar:5.0.11.Final]
at org.hibernate.jpa.boot.internal.EntityManagerFactoryBuilderImpl.metadata(EntityManagerFactoryBuilderImpl.java:847) ~[hibernate-entitymanager-5.0.11.Final.jar:5.0.11.Final]
at org.hibernate.jpa.boot.internal.EntityManagerFactoryBuilderImpl.build(EntityManagerFactoryBuilderImpl.java:874) ~[hibernate-entitymanager-5.0.11.Final.jar:5.0.11.Final]
at org.springframework.orm.jpa.vendor.SpringHibernateJpaPersistenceProvider.createContainerEntityManagerFactory(SpringHibernateJpaPersistenceProvider.java:60) ~[spring-orm-4.3.6.RELEASE.jar:4.3.6.RELEASE]
at org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean.createNativeEntityManagerFactory(LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean.java:353) ~[spring-orm-4.3.6.RELEASE.jar:4.3.6.RELEASE]
at org.springframework.orm.jpa.AbstractEntityManagerFactoryBean.buildNativeEntityManagerFactory(AbstractEntityManagerFactoryBean.java:373) ~[spring-orm-4.3.6.RELEASE.jar:4.3.6.RELEASE]
at org.springframework.orm.jpa.AbstractEntityManagerFactoryBean.afterPropertiesSet(AbstractEntityManagerFactoryBean.java:362) ~[spring-orm-4.3.6.RELEASE.jar:4.3.6.RELEASE]
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.invokeInitMethods(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1687) ~[spring-beans-4.3.6.RELEASE.jar:4.3.6.RELEASE]
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.initializeBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1624) ~[spring-beans-4.3.6.RELEASE.jar:4.3.6.RELEASE]
... 44 common frames omitted
解决办法:
将:
@Entity
public class User {
@Id
@GeneratedValue
private Long id;
private String name;
@DateTimeFormat(pattern = "yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss")//保证存取时有正确的格式
private Date createDate;
@ManyToOne
@JoinColumn(name = "department_id")//user表中使用department_id字段来表示部门id
@JsonBackReference//防止关系对象的递归访问
private Department department;
@ManyToOne(cascade = {}, fetch = FetchType.EAGER)
@JoinTable(name = "user_role",
joinColumns = {@JoinColumn(name = "user_id")},
inverseJoinColumns = {@JoinColumn(name = "role_id")})
//中间表user_role来存在各自的id,以表示它们的对应关系
private
改为:
@Entity
public class User {
@Id
@GeneratedValue
private Long id;
private String name;
@DateTimeFormat(pattern = "yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss")//保证存取时有正确的格式
private Date createDate;
@ManyToOne
@JoinColumn(name = "department_id")//user表中使用department_id字段来表示部门id
@JsonBackReference//防止关系对象的递归访问
private Department department;
@ManyToMany(fetch = FetchType.EAGER)
@JoinTable(name = "user_role",
joinColumns = {@JoinColumn(name = "user_id", referencedColumnName = "ID")},
inverseJoinColumns = {@JoinColumn(name = "role_id", referencedColumnName = "ID")})
//中间表user_role来存在各自的id,以表示它们的对应关系
private
Spring Boot 项目(参考1) 提供了一个类似ASP.NET MVC的默认模板一样的标准样板,直接集成了一系列的组件并使用了默认的配置。使用Spring Boot 不会降低学习成本,甚至增加了学习成本,但显著降低了使用成本并提高了开发效率。如果没有Spring基础不建议直接上手。
1.基础项目
这里只关注基于Maven的项目构建,使用Spring Boot CLI命令行工具和Gradle构建方式请参考官网。
(1)创建项目:
创建类型为quickstart的Maven项目,删除默认生成的.java文件保持默认的Maven目录即可。
(2)修改/pom.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.example</groupId>
<artifactId>myproject</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<properties>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
</properties>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>1.3.1.RELEASE</version>
</parent>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
(3)添加/src/main/sample/controller/HomeController.java文件:
package simple.controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;
@RestController
public class HomeController {
@RequestMapping("/")
public String index() {
return "Hello World!";
}
}
(4)添加/src/main/sample/Application.java文件:
package simple;
import org.springframework.boot.*;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.*;
import simple.controller.*;
@EnableAutoConfiguration
public class Application {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
SpringApplication.run(new Object[] { Application.class, HomeController.class }, args);
}
}
在浏览器中输入http://localhost:8080/,即可直接看到"Hello World"运行结果。
2. 添加数据访问支持
(1)修改pom,添加spring-boot-starter-data-jpa和h2依赖:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.example</groupId>
<artifactId>myproject</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<properties>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
</properties>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>1.3.1.RELEASE</version>
</parent>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.h2database</groupId>
<artifactId>h2</artifactId>
<scope>runtime</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
如果需要在控制台查看生成SQL语句,可以添加/src/main/resources/application.properties
1 spring.h2.console.enabled=true
2 logging.level.org.hibernate.SQL=debug
(2)添加实体
添加User、Role、Category和Post实体。
User:
package simple.domain;
import java.util.*;
import javax.persistence.*;
@Entity
public class User {
@Id
@GeneratedValue
private Long id;
private String userName;
private String password;
private String Email;
@javax.persistence.Version
private Long Version;
@ManyToMany(cascade = CascadeType.ALL)
private List<Role> roles = new ArrayList<Role>();
public Long getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(Long id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getUserName() {
return userName;
}
public void setUserName(String userName) {
this.userName = userName;
}
public String getPassword() {
return password;
}
public void setPassword(String password) {
this.password = password;
}
public String getEmail() {
return Email;
}
public void setEmail(String email) {
Email = email;
}
public List<Role> getRoles() {
return roles;
}
public void setRoles(List<Role> roles) {
this.roles = roles;
}
public Long getVersion() {
return Version;
}
public void setVersion(Long version) {
Version = version;
}
}
Role:
package simple.domain;
import java.util.*;
import javax.persistence.*;
@Entity
public class Role {
@Id
@GeneratedValue
private Long id;
private String roleName;
@ManyToMany(cascade = CascadeType.ALL)
private List<User> users = new ArrayList<User>();
public Long getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(Long id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getRoleName() {
return roleName;
}
public void setRoleName(String roleName) {
this.roleName = roleName;
}
public List<User> getUsers() {
return users;
}
public void setUsers(List<User> users) {
this.users = users;
}
}
Category:
package simple.domain;
import java.util.*;
import javax.persistence.*;
@Entity
public class Category {
@Id
@GeneratedValue
private Long id;
private String Name;
@OneToMany
private List<Post> posts = new ArrayList<Post>();
public Long getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(Long id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return Name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
Name = name;
}
public List<Post> getPosts() {
return posts;
}
public void setPosts(List<Post> posts) {
this.posts = posts;
}
}
Post:
package simple.domain;
import java.util.*;
import javax.persistence.*;
@Entity
public class Post {
@Id
@GeneratedValue
private Long id;
private String Name;
private String Html;
private String Text;
private Date CreateAt;
@ManyToOne
private Category category;
public Long getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(Long id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return Name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
Name = name;
}
public String getHtml() {
return Html;
}
public void setHtml(String html) {
Html = html;
}
public String getText() {
return Text;
}
public void setText(String text) {
Text = text;
}
public Date getCreateAt() {
return CreateAt;
}
public void setCreateAt(Date createAt) {
CreateAt = createAt;
}
public Category getCategory() {
return category;
}
public void setCategory(Category category) {
this.category = category;
}
}
(3)添加资源库
添加UserRepository、RoleRepository、CategoryRepository和PostRepository接口,无需实现。
UserRepository:
package simple.repository;
import org.springframework.data.repository.*;
import simple.domain.*;
public interface UserRepository extends CrudRepository<User, Long> {
}
RoleRepository
package simple.repository;
import org.springframework.data.repository.*;
import simple.domain.*;
public interface RoleRepository extends CrudRepository<Role, Long> {
}
CategoryRepository
package simple.repository;
import org.springframework.data.repository.*;
import simple.domain.*;
public interface CategoryRepository extends CrudRepository<Category, Long> {
}
PostRepository
package simple.repository;
import org.springframework.data.repository.*;
import simple.domain.*;
public interface PostRepository extends CrudRepository<User, Long> {
}
(4)在控制器中注入资源库接口
package simple.controller;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.*;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;
import simple.repository.*;
@RestController
public class HomeController {
private UserRepository userRepository;
private RoleRepository roleRepository;
private CategoryRepository categoryRepository;
private PostRepository postReppository;
@Autowired
public HomeController(UserRepository userRepository, RoleRepository roleRepository,
CategoryRepository categoryRepository, PostRepository postReppository) {
this.userRepository = userRepository;
this.roleRepository = roleRepository;
this.categoryRepository = categoryRepository;
this.postReppository = postReppository;
}
@RequestMapping("/")
public long index() {
return userRepository.count();
}
}
使用事务时在方法上应用注解@Transactional
3.添加验证和授权支持
(1)添加spring-boot-starter-security依赖
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.example</groupId>
<artifactId>myproject</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<properties>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
</properties>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>1.3.1.RELEASE</version>
</parent>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.h2database</groupId>
<artifactId>h2</artifactId>
<scope>runtime</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-security</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
(2)修改Application.java
package simple;
import org.springframework.boot.*;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.*;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.method.configuration.*;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.builders.HttpSecurity;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.configuration.WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter;
import org.springframework.security.web.authentication.SavedRequestAwareAuthenticationSuccessHandler;
import simple.controller.*;
@EnableAutoConfiguration
@EnableGlobalMethodSecurity(securedEnabled = true, prePostEnabled = true)
public class Application {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
SpringApplication.run(new Object[] { Application.class, HomeController.class }, args);
}
@Bean
public WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter webSecurityConfigurerAdapter() {
return new MyWebSecurityConfigurer();
}
public static class MyWebSecurityConfigurer extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter {
@Override
protected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
http.csrf().disable();
http.authorizeRequests().antMatchers("/account**", "/admin**").authenticated();
http.formLogin().usernameParameter("userName").passwordParameter("password").loginPage("/login")
.loginProcessingUrl("/login").successHandler(new SavedRequestAwareAuthenticationSuccessHandler())
.and().logout().logoutUrl("/logout").logoutSuccessUrl("/");
http.rememberMe().rememberMeParameter("rememberMe");
}
}
}
访问http://localhost:8080/account会自动跳转到login登录页。Spring Security的具体使用前文已有所述。
参考:
(1)https://github.com/spring-projects/spring-boot
(2)http://projects.spring.io/spring-boot/