Thread的run（）与start（）的区别
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Java的线程是通过java.lang.Thread类来实现的。
VM启动时会有一个由主方法所定义的线程。可以通过创建Thread的实例来创建新的线程。
每个线程都是通过某个特定Thread对象所对应的方法run（）来完成其操作的，方法run()称为线程体。
通过调用Thread类的start()方法来启动一个线程。
在Java当中，线程通常都有五种状态，创建、就绪、运行、阻塞和死亡。
第一是创建状态。在生成线程对象，并没有调用该对象的start方法，这是线程处于创建状态。
第二是就绪状态。当调用了线程对象的start方法之后，该线程就进入了就绪状态，但是此时线程调度程序还没有把该线程设置为当前线程，此时处于就绪状态。在线程运行之后，从等待或者睡眠中回来之后，也会处于就绪状态。
第三是运行状态。线程调度程序将处于就绪状态的线程设置为当前线程，此时线程就进入了运行状态，开始运行run函数当中的代码。
第四是阻塞状态。线程正在运行的时候，被暂停，通常是为了等待某个时间的发生(比如说某项资源就绪)之后再继续运行。sleep,suspend，wait等方法都可以导致线程阻塞。 第五是死亡状态。如果一个线程的run方法执行结束或者调用stop方法后，该线程就会死亡。对于已经死亡的线程，无法再使用start方法令其进入就绪。
A thread can be in only one state at a given point in time. These states are
virtual machine states which do not reflect any operating system thread states.
实现并启动线程有两种方法
1、写一个类继承自Thread类，重写run方法。用start方法启动线程
2、写一个类实现Runnable接口，实现run方法。用new Thread(Runnable target).start()方法来启动
多线程原理：相当于玩游戏机，只有一个游戏机（cpu），可是有很多人要玩，于是，start是排队！等CPU选中你就是轮到你，你就run（），当CPU的运行的时间片执行完，这个线程就继续排队，等待下一次的run（）。
调用start（）后，线程会被放到等待队列，等待CPU调度，并不一定要马上开始执行，只是将这个线程置于可动行状态。然后通过JVM，线程Thread会调用run（）方法，执行本线程的线程体。先调用start后调用run，这么麻烦，为了不直接调用run？就是为了实现多线程的优点，没这个start不行。
1.start（）方法来启动线程，真正实现了多线程运行。这时无需等待run方法体代码执行完毕，可以直接继续执行下面的代码；通过调用Thread类的start()方法来启动一个线程， 这时此线程是处于就绪状态， 并没有运行。 然后通过此Thread类调用方法run()来完成其运行操作的， 这里方法run()称为线程体，它包含了要执行的这个线程的内容， Run方法运行结束， 此线程终止。然后CPU再调度其它线程。
2.run（）方法当作普通方法的方式调用。程序还是要顺序执行，要等待run方法体执行完毕后，才可继续执行下面的代码； 程序中只有主线程——这一个线程， 其程序执行路径还是只有一条， 这样就没有达到写线程的目的。
记住：多线程就是分时利用CPU，宏观上让所有线程一起执行 ，也叫并发
Thread相关源码解析（jdk1.6.0_45）：
/**
* Causes this thread to begin execution; the Java Virtual Machine
* calls the <code>run</code> method of this thread.
* <p>
* The result is that two threads are running concurrently: the
* current thread (which returns from the call to the
* <code>start</code> method) and the other thread (which executes its
* <code>run</code> method).
* <p>
* It is never legal to start a thread more than once.
* In particular, a thread may not be restarted once it has completed
* execution.
*
* @exception IllegalThreadStateException if the thread was already
* started.
* @see #run()
* @see #stop()
*/
public synchronized void start() {
/**
* This method is not invoked for the main method thread or "system"
* group threads created/set up by the VM. Any new functionality added
* to this method in the future may have to also be added to the VM.
*
* A zero status value corresponds to state "NEW".
*/
if (threadStatus != 0 || this != me)
throw new IllegalThreadStateException();
group.add(this);
start0();
if (stopBeforeStart) {
stop0(throwableFromStop);
}
}
private native void
start()通过invoke native方法start0()来启动新线程。
同一个Thread对象不能start()两次，因为执行过start()后threadStatus就不为0
threadStaus状态对应的值如下：
import java.lang.Thread.State;
public class ThreadStausTravel {
public static void main(String[] args) {
State[] status=Thread.State.values();
for (State state : status) {
System.out.println(state.name()+"==>"+state.ordinal());
}
}
}
output:
NEW==>0
RUNNABLE==>1
BLOCKED==>2
WAITING==>3
TIMED_WAITING==>4
TERMINATED==>5
Thread.State的源码：
/**
* A thread state. A thread can be in one of the following states:
* <ul>
* <li>{@link #NEW}<br>
* A thread that has not yet started is in this state.
* </li>
* <li>{@link #RUNNABLE}<br>
* A thread executing in the Java virtual machine is in this state.
* </li>
* <li>{@link #BLOCKED}<br>
* A thread that is blocked waiting for a monitor lock
* is in this state.
* </li>
* <li>{@link #WAITING}<br>
* A thread that is waiting indefinitely for another thread to
* perform a particular action is in this state.
* </li>
* <li>{@link #TIMED_WAITING}<br>
* A thread that is waiting for another thread to perform an action
* for up to a specified waiting time is in this state.
* </li>
* <li>{@link #TERMINATED}<br>
* A thread that has exited is in this state.
* </li>
* </ul>
*
* <p>
* A thread can be in only one state at a given point in time.
* These states are virtual machine states which do not reflect
* any operating system thread states.
*
* @since 1.5
* @see #getState
*/
public enum State {
/**
* Thread state for a thread which has not yet started.
*/
NEW,
/**
* Thread state for a runnable thread. A thread in the runnable
* state is executing in the Java virtual machine but it may
* be waiting for other resources from the operating system
* such as processor.
*/
RUNNABLE,
/**
* Thread state for a thread blocked waiting for a monitor lock.
* A thread in the blocked state is waiting for a monitor lock
* to enter a synchronized block/method or
* reenter a synchronized block/method after calling
* {@link Object#wait() Object.wait}.
*/
BLOCKED,
/**
* Thread state for a waiting thread.
* A thread is in the waiting state due to calling one of the
* following methods:
* <ul>
* <li>{@link Object#wait() Object.wait} with no timeout</li>
* <li>{@link #join() Thread.join} with no timeout</li>
* <li>{@link LockSupport#park() LockSupport.park}</li>
* </ul>
*
* <p>A thread in the waiting state is waiting for another thread to
* perform a particular action.
*
* For example, a thread that has called <tt>Object.wait()</tt>
* on an object is waiting for another thread to call
* <tt>Object.notify()</tt> or <tt>Object.notifyAll()</tt> on
* that object. A thread that has called <tt>Thread.join()</tt>
* is waiting for a specified thread to terminate.
*/
WAITING,
/**
* Thread state for a waiting thread with a specified waiting time.
* A thread is in the timed waiting state due to calling one of
* the following methods with a specified positive waiting time:
* <ul>
* <li>{@link #sleep Thread.sleep}</li>
* <li>{@link Object#wait(long) Object.wait} with timeout</li>
* <li>{@link #join(long) Thread.join} with timeout</li>
* <li>{@link LockSupport#parkNanos LockSupport.parkNanos}</li>
* <li>{@link LockSupport#parkUntil LockSupport.parkUntil}</li>
* </ul>
*/
TIMED_WAITING,
/**
* Thread state for a terminated thread.
* The thread has completed execution.
*/
TERMINATED;
}
/**
* Returns the state of this thread.
* This method is designed for use in monitoring of the system state,
* not for synchronization control.
*
* @return this thread's state.
* @since 1.5
*/
public State getState() {
// get current thread state
return sun.misc.VM.toThreadState(threadStatus);
}
/**
* If this thread was constructed using a separate
* <code>Runnable</code> run object, then that
* <code>Runnable</code> object's <code>run</code> method is called;
* otherwise, this method does nothing and returns.
* <p>
* Subclasses of <code>Thread</code> should override this method.
*
* @see #start()
* @see #stop()
* @see #Thread(ThreadGroup, Runnable, String)
*/
public void run() {
if (target != null) {
target.run();
}
}
run只是普通的方法。
