using System; using System.Collections.Generic; public class Example { public static void Main() { // Create a new dictionary of strings, with string keys. // Dictionary<string, string> openWith = new Dictionary<string, string>(); // Add some elements to the dictionary. There are no  // duplicate keys, but some of the values are duplicates. openWith.Add("txt", "notepad.exe"); openWith.Add("bmp", "paint.exe"); openWith.Add("dib", "paint.exe"); openWith.Add("rtf", "wordpad.exe"); // The Add method throws an exception if the new key is  // already in the dictionary. try { openWith.Add("txt", "winword.exe"); } catch (ArgumentException) { Console.WriteLine("An element with Key = \"txt\" already exists."); } // The Item property is another name for the indexer, so you  // can omit its name when accessing elements.  Console.WriteLine("For key = \"rtf\", value = {0}.", openWith["rtf"]); // The indexer can be used to change the value associated // with a key. openWith["rtf"] = "winword.exe"; Console.WriteLine("For key = \"rtf\", value = {0}.", openWith["rtf"]); // If a key does not exist, setting the indexer for that key // adds a new key/value pair. openWith["doc"] = "winword.exe"; // The indexer throws an exception if the requested key is // not in the dictionary. try { Console.WriteLine("For key = \"tif\", value = {0}.", openWith["tif"]); } catch (KeyNotFoundException) { Console.WriteLine("Key = \"tif\" is not found."); } // When a program often has to try keys that turn out not to // be in the dictionary, TryGetValue can be a more efficient  // way to retrieve values. string value = ""; if (openWith.TryGetValue("tif", out value)) { Console.WriteLine("For key = \"tif\", value = {0}.", value); } else { Console.WriteLine("Key = \"tif\" is not found."); } // ContainsKey can be used to test keys before inserting  // them. if (!openWith.ContainsKey("ht")) { openWith.Add("ht", "hypertrm.exe"); Console.WriteLine("Value added for key = \"ht\": {0}", openWith["ht"]); } // When you use foreach to enumerate dictionary elements, // the elements are retrieved as KeyValuePair objects. Console.WriteLine(); foreach( KeyValuePair<string, string> kvp in openWith ) { Console.WriteLine("Key = {0}, Value = {1}", kvp.Key, kvp.Value); } // To get the values alone, use the Values property. Dictionary<string, string>.ValueCollection valueColl = openWith.Values; // The elements of the ValueCollection are strongly typed // with the type that was specified for dictionary values. Console.WriteLine(); foreach( string s in valueColl ) { Console.WriteLine("Value = {0}", s); } // To get the keys alone, use the Keys property. Dictionary<string, string>.KeyCollection keyColl = openWith.Keys; // The elements of the KeyCollection are strongly typed // with the type that was specified for dictionary keys. Console.WriteLine(); foreach( string s in keyColl ) { Console.WriteLine("Key = {0}", s); } // Use the Remove method to remove a key/value pair. Console.WriteLine("\nRemove(\"doc\")"); openWith.Remove("doc"); if (!openWith.ContainsKey("doc")) { Console.WriteLine("Key \"doc\" is not found."); } } } /* This code example produces the following output: An element with Key = "txt" already exists. For key = "rtf", value = wordpad.exe. For key = "rtf", value = winword.exe. Key = "tif" is not found. Key = "tif" is not found. Value added for key = "ht": hypertrm.exe Key = txt, Value = notepad.exe Key = bmp, Value = paint.exe Key = dib, Value = paint.exe Key = rtf, Value = winword.exe Key = doc, Value = winword.exe Key = ht, Value = hypertrm.exe Value = notepad.exe Value = paint.exe Value = paint.exe Value = winword.exe Value = winword.exe Value = hypertrm.exe Key = txt Key = bmp Key = dib Key = rtf Key = doc Key = ht Remove("doc") Key "doc" is not found. */ http://msdn2.microsoft.com/zh-cn/library/xfhwa508(VS.80).aspx