1、The MySQL Group Replication plugin includes a set of APIs for capture, apply, and lifecycle, which control how the plugin interacts with MySQL Server. There are interfaces to make information flow from the server to the plugin and vice versa. These interfaces isolate the MySQL Server core from the Group Replication plugin, and are mostly hooks placed in the transaction execution pipeline. In one direction, from server to the plugin, there are notifications for events such as the server starting, the server recovering, the server being ready to accept connections, and the server being about to commit a transaction. In the other direction, the plugin instructs the server to perform actions such as committing or aborting ongoing transactions, or queuing transactions in the relay log.
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Data Manipulation Statements
As a transaction is sent through an atomic broadcast, either all servers in the group receive the transaction or none do. If they receive it, then they all receive it in the same order with respect to other transactions that were sent before. Conflict detection is carried out by inspecting and comparing write sets of transactions. Thus, they are detected at the row level. Conflict resolution follows the first committer wins rule. If t1 and t2 execute concurrently at different sites, because t2 is ordered before t1, and both changed the same row, then t2 wins the conflict and t1 aborts. In other words, t1 was trying to change data that had been rendered stale by t2.
Note：If two transactions are bound to conflict more often than not, then it is a good practice to start them on the same server. They then have a chance to synchronize on the local lock manager instead of aborting later in the replication protocol.
Data Definition Statements
In a Group Replication topology, care needs to be taken when executing data definition statements also commonly known as data definition language (DDL). Given that MySQL does not support atomic or transactional DDL, one cannot optimistically execute DDL statements and later roll back if needs be. Consequently, the lack of atomicity does not fit directly into the optimistic replication paradigm that Group Replication is based on.
Therefore, more care needs to be taken when replicating data definition statements. Schema changes and changes to the data that the object contains need to be handled through the same server while the schema operation has not yet completed and replicated everywhere. Failure to do so can result in data inconsistency.
If the group is deployed in single-primary mode, then this is not a problem, because all changes are performed through the same server, the primary.
MySQL DDL execution is not atomic or transactional. The server executes and commits without securing group agreement first. As such, you must route DDL and DML for the same object through the same server, while the DDL is executing and has not replicated everywhere yet.
4、Group Communication System (GCS) protocols
These provide a failure detection mechanism, a group membership service, and safe and completely ordered message delivery. All these properties are key to creating a system which ensures that data is consistently replicated across the group of servers.
