通过一个简单的示例来初步理解Spring框架
1、创建java工程,导入相应Spring包,放在lib文件夹中
2、接口 IHelloMessage
1 package com.jike.spring.chapter01;
2
3 public interface IHelloMessage {
4
5 //接口中的一个抽象方法,用于向大家输出问候信息
6 public String sayHello();
7
8 }
3、java类 HelloChina.java,用于输出“中国话”
1 package com.jike.spring.chapter01;
2
3 public class HelloChina implements IHelloMessage {
4
5
6 //继承和实现了IHelloMessage接口中的sayHello方法,
7 //向大家输出了Hello China的信息
8 @Override
9 public String sayHello() {
10
11 return "Hello China!";
12 }
13
14 }
4、java类 HelloWorld.java,用于输出“世界话”
1 package com.jike.spring.chapter01;
2
3 public class HelloWorld implements IHelloMessage{
4
5 //继承和实现了IHelloMessage接口中的sayHello方法,
6 //向大家输出了Hello China的信息
7 @Override
8 public String sayHello() {
9 return "Hello World!";
10 }
11
12 }
5、Person类
1 package com.jike.spring.chapter01;
2
3 public class Person {
4
5 //将IHelloMessage作为一个属性,用于向大家输出问候信息
6 private IHelloMessage helloMessage;
7
8
9 public IHelloMessage getHelloMessage() {
10 return helloMessage;
11 }
12
13 public void setHelloMessage(IHelloMessage helloMessage) {
14 this.helloMessage = helloMessage;
15 }
16
17 //用于调用IHelloMessage接口向用户输出问候信息,
18 //具体的问候信息,由Spring的配置文件来分配和决定
19 //1.当配置文件中分配给person的是HelloWorld的实体时,则输出“Hello World!”的信息;
20 //2.当配置文件中分配给person的是HelloChina的实体时,则输出“Hello China!”的信息;
21 public String sayHello() {
22 return this.helloMessage.sayHello();
23 }
24 }
6、Main主类
1 package com.jike.spring.chapter01;
2
3 import org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanFactory;
4 import org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanFactory;
5 import org.springframework.core.io.FileSystemResource;
6 import org.springframework.core.io.Resource;
7
8 public class Main {
9
10 public static void main(String[] args) {
11
12 //利用FileSystemResource读取配置文件
13 Resource r = new FileSystemResource("helloMessage.xml");
14 //利用XmlBeanFactory来加载配置文件,启动IOC容器
15 BeanFactory f = new XmlBeanFactory(r);
16 //从IOC容器中获取Person类的实例
17 Person person = (Person) f.getBean("person");
18 //person实例向大家输出问候信息
19 String s = person.sayHello();
20 //在系统控制台中打印问候信息,由于在这里配置文件中配置是HelloWorld的实例,
21 //所以,在这里打印的是字符串:HelloWorld
22 System.out.println("The Person is currently saying: "+s);
23 }
24
25 }
7、配置helloMessage.xml
1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
2 <!DOCTYPE beans PUBLIC "-//SPRING/DTD BEAN/EN"
3 "http://www.springframework.org/dtd/spring-beans.dtd">
4 <beans>
5 <bean id="helloWorld" class="com.jike.spring.chapter01.HelloWorld"></bean>
6 <bean id="helloChina" class="com.jike.spring.chapter01.HelloChina"></bean>
7 <bean id="person" class="com.jike.spring.chapter01.Person">
8 <property name="helloMessage" ref="helloChina"/>
9 </bean>
10 </beans>
运行结果:
将配置文件改为:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE beans PUBLIC "-//SPRING/DTD BEAN/EN"
"http://www.springframework.org/dtd/spring-beans.dtd">
<beans>
<bean id="helloWorld" class="com.jike.spring.chapter01.HelloWorld"></bean>
<bean id="helloChina" class="com.jike.spring.chapter01.HelloChina"></bean>
<bean id="person" class="com.jike.spring.chapter01.Person">
<property name="helloMessage" ref="helloWorld"/>
</bean>
</beans>
结果为: