Oracle 19c Standalone Server安装

Oracle 19c Standalone Server安装

1 检查

1.1.服务器的硬件

1.2 操作系统检查

1.3 服务器的配置

1.4 用户环境配置的检查

1.5 存储检查

 

2 准备

2.1 环境说明

操作系统： Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 7.5 (Maipo)

DB: 19c

IP： 192.168.9.20

2.2 下载软件

方式一：官网下载

方式二：Oracle产品下载（需登录oracle账户才能搜索下载）

方式三：百度云盘下载    提取码：1pv3

2.3 安装操作系统依懒包

所需依赖包官网查看：点我查看

先配置yum源

vi /etc/yum.repos.d/base.repo

添加以下内容：

[bash]
name=bash
baseurl=file:///mnt
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0

mount /dev/sr0 /mnt
yum repolist all

安装所需软件包

yum -y install libst* gcc* libaio* glibc* compat* libx* libX* make* sysstat* ksh net-tools

上传软件包

mkdir /soft

安装compat-libstdc++

cd /soft
rpm -ivh compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-72.el7.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh cvuqdisk-1.0.10-1.rpm

检查所需软件包是否安装

rpm -qa binutils bc binutils compat-libcap1 compat-libstdc++ glibc glibc-devel ksh libaio libaio-devel libgcc libstdc++ libstdc++-devel libxcb libX11 libXau libXi libXtst libXrender libXrender-devel make

2.4 检查内核版本及参数配置

2.4.1 内核版本检查

cat /etc/redhat-release
cat /etc/os-release
uname -r

2.4.2 内核参数配置

vi /etc/sysctl.conf

添加以下内容：

net.ipv4.tcp_rmem = 4096 87380 4194304
net.ipv4.tcp_wmem = 4096 16384 4194304
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.shmall = 2097152
kernel.shmmax = 4294967295
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576

执行下面命令使配置生效：

sysctl -p

vi /etc/security/limits.conf

添加以下内容：

oracle soft nofile 1024
oracle hard nofile 65536
oracle soft nproc 2047
oracle hard nproc 16384
oracle soft stack 10240
oracle hard stack 32768
grid soft nofile 1024
grid hard nofile 65536
grid soft nproc 2047
grid hard nproc 16384
grid soft stack 10240
grid hard stack 32768 

2.5 禁止Transparent Huge Pages

echo never > /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled
cat /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled   # 输出结果为[always]表示透明巨页启用、[never]表示透明巨页禁用
grep -i HugePages_Total /proc/meminfo   # HugePages_Total返回0，意味着透明巨页禁用
cat /proc/sys/vm/nr_hugepages   # 返回0也意味着透明巨页禁用

2.6 关闭防火墙及selinux

systemctl stop firewalld
systemctl disable firewalld
setenforce 0
sed -i '/SELINUX/s/enforcing/disabled/' /etc/selinux/config

2.7 设置主机别名解析

vi /etc/hosts

添加：

192.168.9.20  dba

2.8 配置用户及组、目录

groupadd -g 54321 oinstall
groupadd -g 54322 dba
groupadd -g 54323 oper
groupadd -g 54324 backupdba
groupadd -g 54325 dgdba
groupadd -g 54326 kmdba
groupadd -g 54330 racdba
groupadd -g 54331 asmdba
groupadd -g 54332 asmadmin
groupadd -g 54333 asmoper
useradd -u 54334 -g oinstall -G dba,asmdba,oper,backupdba,dgdba,kmdba,racdba oracle
useradd -u 54335 -g oinstall -G dba,asmdba,racdba,asmadmin,asmoper grid
echo "oracle" | passwd --stdin oracle
echo "grid" | passwd --stdin grid

2.9 创建目录并授权

mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/dbhome_1
mkdir -p /u01/app/oraInventory
mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs
mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/grid
mkdir -p /u01/app/grid
chmod -R 755 /u01
chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/
chown -R grid:oinstall /u01/app/grid
chown -R grid:oinstall /u01/app/oraInventory
chown -R grid:oinstall /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/grid

2.10 配置环境变量

以Oracle用户登陆设置环境变量

vi .bash_profile

添加以下内容：

export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/19.3.0/dbhome_1
export ORACLE_SID=orcl
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH

source ~/.bash_profile

以Grid用户登陆设置环境变量

vi .bash_profile

添加以下内容：

export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/grid
export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/grid
export ORACLE_SID=+ASM
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH

source ~/.bash_profile

2.11 解压安装包

chown -R oracle:oinstall /soft/LINUX.X64_193000_db_home.zip
chown -R grid:oinstall /soft/LINUX.X64_193000_grid_home.zip

解压数据库软件到指定文件夹

su - grid
cd $ORACLE_HOME
unzip -q /soft/LINUX.X64_193000_grid_home.zip
su - oracle
unzip /soft/LINUX.X64_193000_db_home.zip -d $ORACLE_HOME/

2.12 配置ASM存储

2.12.1 虚拟机添加两块硬盘

关机之后添加硬盘，添加完成之后开机

2.12.2 查看添加的硬盘

fdisk -l

2.12.3 查看设置id号

/usr/lib/udev/scsi_id -g -u /dev/sdb
/usr/lib/udev/scsi_id -g -u /dev/sdc

/dev/sdb：35000c292b7992cab

/dev/sdc：35000c29f57edc769

2.12.4 配置UDEV配置文件

cd /etc/udev/rules.d/
vi 99-my-asmdevices.rules

添加以下内容：

KERNEL=="sd*[!0-9]",ENV{DEVTYPE}=="disk",SUBSYSTEM=="block",PROGRAM=="/usr/lib/udev/scsi_id -g -u -d $devnode",RESULT=="35000c292b7992cab",RUN+="/bin/sh -c 'mknod /dev/asmdisk01 b $major $minor;chown grid:oinstall /dev/asmdisk01;chmod 0660 /dev/asmdisk01'"
KERNEL=="sd*[!0-9]",ENV{DEVTYPE}=="disk",SUBSYSTEM=="block",PROGRAM=="/usr/lib/udev/scsi_id -g -u -d $devnode",RESULT=="35000c29f57edc769",RUN+="/bin/sh -c 'mknod /dev/asmdisk02 b $major $minor;chown grid:oinstall /dev/asmdisk02;chmod 0660 /dev/asmdisk02'"

2.12.5 启动UDEV配置

/sbin/udevadm trigger --type=devices --action=change
ll /dev/asm*

 

3 安装

3.1 执行安装GI

打开xmanager中的Xmanager - Passive

设置DISPLAY变量的值：

su - grid
export DISPLAY=192.168.9.1:0.0
cd $ORACLE_HOME
./gridSetup.sh

开始安装步骤：

执行以下脚本：

/u01/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
/u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/grid/root.sh

root@dba ~ # /u01/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
Changing permissions of /u01/app/oraInventory.
Adding read,write permissions for group.
Removing read,write,execute permissions for world.

Changing groupname of /u01/app/oraInventory to oinstall.
The execution of the script is complete.
root@dba ~ # /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/grid/root.sh
Performing root user operation.

The following environment variables are set as:
    ORACLE_OWNER= grid
    ORACLE_HOME=  /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/grid

Enter the full pathname of the local bin directory: [/usr/local/bin]: 
   Copying dbhome to /usr/local/bin ...
   Copying oraenv to /usr/local/bin ...
   Copying coraenv to /usr/local/bin ...


Creating /etc/oratab file...
Entries will be added to the /etc/oratab file as needed by
Database Configuration Assistant when a database is created
Finished running generic part of root script.
Now product-specific root actions will be performed.
Using configuration parameter file: /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/grid/crs/install/crsconfig_params
The log of current session can be found at:
  /u01/app/grid/crsdata/dba/crsconfig/roothas_2021-07-27_00-56-23AM.log
2021/07/27 00:56:28 CLSRSC-363: User ignored prerequisites during installation
LOCAL ADD MODE 
Creating OCR keys for user 'grid', privgrp 'oinstall'..
Operation successful.
LOCAL ONLY MODE 
Successfully accumulated necessary OCR keys.
Creating OCR keys for user 'root', privgrp 'root'..
Operation successful.
CRS-4664: Node dba successfully pinned.
2021/07/27 00:56:40 CLSRSC-330: Adding Clusterware entries to file 'oracle-ohasd.service'


dba     2021/07/27 00:59:22     /u01/app/grid/crsdata/dba/olr/backup_20210727_005922.olr     724960844     
2021/07/27 00:59:23 CLSRSC-327: Successfully configured Oracle Restart for a standalone server

脚本执行过程

3.2 查看进程

ps -ef | grep asm

3.3 查看ASM磁盘组信息

export DISPLAY=192.168.9.1:0.0
asmca

3.4 执行安装Oracle

su - oracle
export DISPLAY=192.168.9.1:0.0
cd $ORACLE_HOME/
./runInstaller

开始安装步骤：

3.5 建库

dbca

开始安装步骤：

3.6 查看进程

ps -ef | grep ora_ | grep -v grep

3.7 登陆

sqlplus / as sysdba
select file_name from dba_data_files;

 

4 SRVCTL工具

在oracle用户下执行：

查看srvctl命令帮助

srvctl status -h
srvctl add -h

查看服务的状态

srvctl status database -db orcl
srvctl status listener
srvctl status asm

 

5 CRSCTL工具

在grid用户下执行：

查看crsctl命令帮助

crsctl -h
crsctl check -h

查看资源状态

crsctl status resource