前言

关于IConfituration的使用,我觉得大部分人都已经比较熟悉了,如果不熟悉的可以​​看这里​​。因为本篇不准备讲IConfiguration都是怎么使用的,但是在源码部分的解读,网上资源相对少一点,所以本篇准备着重源码这一块的设计,尽量的让读者能够理解它的内部实现。

IConfiguration类之间的关系

这里我整理了一个UML(可能不是那么标准,一些依赖关系没有体现)。可能直接看会有点不懂,下面我会慢慢讲这些东西。

源码解析.Net中IConfiguration配置的实现_json

源码解析

我们知道.net中的配置加载是有优先级的,如果有相同的key的话,一般后面加载的会覆盖前面的值,它们的优先级顺序如下图:

源码解析.Net中IConfiguration配置的实现_ide_02

  • 在Host.CreateDefaultBuilder(args)执行的代码中,将委托添加到一个IConfigurationBuilder的集合中,builder为HostBuilder,hostingContext为HostBuilderContext,config就是IConfigurationBuilder,我们先来看下加载的代码,如下:
builder.ConfigureAppConfiguration((hostingContext, config) =>
{
IHostEnvironment env = hostingContext.HostingEnvironment;
bool reloadOnChange = GetReloadConfigOnChangeValue(hostingContext);
config.AddJsonFile("appsettings.json", optional: true, reloadOnChange: reloadOnChange) //加载appsettings.json
.AddJsonFile($"appsettings.{env.EnvironmentName}.json", optional: true, reloadOnChange: reloadOnChange); //根据环境变量加载appsettings.json
if (env.IsDevelopment() && env.ApplicationName is { Length: > 0 })
{
var appAssembly = Assembly.Load(new AssemblyName(env.ApplicationName));
if (appAssembly is not null)
{
config.AddUserSecrets(appAssembly, optional: true, reloadOnChange: reloadOnChange); //开发环境加载UserSecrets
}
}
config.AddEnvironmentVariables(); //加载环境变量
if (args is { Length: > 0 })
{
config.AddCommandLine(args); //加载命令行参数
}
})


  • 接下来我们拿其中一个例子,加载命令行参数,看看在AddCommandLine中都做了什么事情,是如何构建出IConfiguration对象的。
  1. 从UML图中可以看到,扩展对象都实现了IConfigurationSource,并且继承了抽象类ConfigurationProvider,源码如下:
//ConfigurationBuilder扩展类
public static class CommandLineConfigurationExtensions
{
public static IConfigurationBuilder AddCommandLine(this IConfigurationBuilder configurationBuilder, string[] args)
{
return configurationBuilder.AddCommandLine(args, switchMappings: null);
}
public static IConfigurationBuilder AddCommandLine(
this IConfigurationBuilder configurationBuilder,
string[] args,
IDictionary<string, string> switchMappings)
{
//SwitchMappings是Key映射,可以看微软文档
configurationBuilder.Add(new CommandLineConfigurationSource { Args = args, SwitchMappings = switchMappings });
return configurationBuilder;
}
}
public class CommandLineConfigurationSource : IConfigurationSource
{
public IDictionary<string, string> SwitchMappings { get; set; }
public IEnumerable<string> Args { get; set; }
public IConfigurationProvider Build(IConfigurationBuilder builder)
{
return new CommandLineConfigurationProvider(Args, SwitchMappings);
}
}
//主要实现其Load方法,将kv加载到Data中,以便拿取。
public class CommandLineConfigurationProvider : ConfigurationProvider
{
private readonly Dictionary<string, string> _switchMappings;
public CommandLineConfigurationProvider(IEnumerable<string> args, IDictionary<string, string> switchMappings = null)
{
Args = args ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(args));
//默认情况下mapping是null
if (switchMappings != null)
{
//是个私有方法,源码就不贴了,可以自己下载来看看。
_switchMappings = GetValidatedSwitchMappingsCopy(switchMappings);
}
}
protected IEnumerable<string> Args { get; private set; }
//load方法,主要是来设置kv,因为data是个字典类型,要把kv给设置和获取到。
public override void Load()
{
var data = new Dictionary<string, string>(StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
string key, value;

using (IEnumerator<string> enumerator = Args.GetEnumerator())
{
while (enumerator.MoveNext())
{
string currentArg = enumerator.Current;
int keyStartIndex = 0;

if (currentArg.StartsWith("--"))
{
keyStartIndex = 2;
}
else if (currentArg.StartsWith("-"))
{
keyStartIndex = 1;
}
else if (currentArg.StartsWith("/"))
{
currentArg = $"--{currentArg.Substring(1)}";
keyStartIndex = 2;
}
int separator = currentArg.IndexOf('=');
if (separator < 0)
{
if (keyStartIndex == 0)
{
continue;
}
if (_switchMappings != null && _switchMappings.TryGetValue(currentArg, out string mappedKey))
{
key = mappedKey;
}
else if (keyStartIndex == 1)
{
continue;
}
else
{
key = currentArg.Substring(keyStartIndex);
}

string previousKey = enumerator.Current;
if (!enumerator.MoveNext())
{
continue;
}
value = enumerator.Current;
}
else
{
string keySegment = currentArg.Substring(0, separator);
if (_switchMappings != null && _switchMappings.TryGetValue(keySegment, out string mappedKeySegment))
{
key = mappedKeySegment;
}
else if (keyStartIndex == 1)
{
throw new FormatException(SR.Format(SR.Error_ShortSwitchNotDefined, currentArg));
}
else
{
key = currentArg.Substring(keyStartIndex, separator - keyStartIndex);
}

value = currentArg.Substring(separator + 1);
}

data[key] = value;
}
}
Data = data;
}
}


2.在构建主机信息HostBuilder,下面只贴出主要代码,可以看到最后执行了ConfigurationBuilder的Build方法,构建IConfiguration,源码如下:

public class HostBuilder : IHostBuilder
{
private List<Action<IConfigurationBuilder>> _configureHostConfigActions = new List<Action<IConfigurationBuilder>>();
public IHostBuilder ConfigureAppConfiguration(Action<HostBuilderContext, IConfigurationBuilder> configureDelegate)
{
_configureAppConfigActions.Add(configureDelegate ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(configureDelegate)));
return this;
}
//即我们在main函数中看到的Build方法
public IHost Build()
{
//只能执行一次这个方法
if (_hostBuilt)
{
throw new InvalidOperationException(SR.BuildCalled);
}
_hostBuilt = true;
using var diagnosticListener = new DiagnosticListener("Microsoft.Extensions.Hosting");
const string hostBuildingEventName = "HostBuilding";
const string hostBuiltEventName = "HostBuilt";

if (diagnosticListener.IsEnabled() && diagnosticListener.IsEnabled(hostBuildingEventName))
{
Write(diagnosticListener, hostBuildingEventName, this);
}
//执行Host配置(应用程序执行路径,增加_dotnet环境变量,获取命令行参数,加载预配置)
BuildHostConfiguration();
//设置主机环境变量
CreateHostingEnvironment();
//设置上下文
CreateHostBuilderContext();
//构建程序配置(加载appsetting.json)
BuildAppConfiguration();
//构造容器,加载服务
CreateServiceProvider();
var host = _appServices.GetRequiredService<IHost>();
if (diagnosticListener.IsEnabled() && diagnosticListener.IsEnabled(hostBuiltEventName))
{
Write(diagnosticListener, hostBuiltEventName, host);
}

return host;
}
private void BuildAppConfiguration()
{
//对于已经加载过的配置不再重新加载
IConfigurationBuilder configBuilder = new ConfigurationBuilder()
.SetBasePath(_hostingEnvironment.ContentRootPath)
.AddConfiguration(_hostConfiguration, shouldDisposeConfiguration: true);

//注意这里是AppConfig
foreach (Action<HostBuilderContext, IConfigurationBuilder> buildAction in _configureAppConfigActions)
{
buildAction(_hostBuilderContext, configBuilder);
}
_appConfiguration = configBuilder.Build();
//将新的配置赋值给config
_hostBuilderContext.Configuration = _appConfiguration;
}
}


  1. ConfigurationBuilder的Build方法中加载对用Provider类里面的Load方法,加载配置信息。在获取对应Key值时,由加载的顺序,按照从后到前的顺序,依次查询key对应的value值,源码如下:
public class ConfigurationBuilder : IConfigurationBuilder
{
//所有的配置源集合
public IList<IConfigurationSource> Sources { get; } = new List<IConfigurationSource>();
public IDictionary<string, object> Properties { get; } = new Dictionary<string, object>();
public IConfigurationBuilder Add(IConfigurationSource source)
{
if (source == null)
{
throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(source));
}

Sources.Add(source);
return this;
}

public IConfigurationRoot Build()
{
var providers = new List<IConfigurationProvider>();
foreach (IConfigurationSource source in Sources)
{
//通过配置源构建provider对象。
IConfigurationProvider provider = source.Build(this);
providers.Add(provider);
}
//构建配置根对象
return new ConfigurationRoot(providers);
}
}

public class ConfigurationRoot : IConfigurationRoot, IDisposable
{
private readonly IList<IConfigurationProvider> _providers;
private readonly IList<IDisposable> _changeTokenRegistrations;
private ConfigurationReloadToken _changeToken = new ConfigurationReloadToken();

public ConfigurationRoot(IList<IConfigurationProvider> providers)
{
if (providers == null)
{
throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(providers));
}

_providers = providers;
_changeTokenRegistrations = new List<IDisposable>(providers.Count);
foreach (IConfigurationProvider p in providers)
{
p.Load();
_changeTokenRegistrations.Add(ChangeToken.OnChange(() => p.GetReloadToken(), () => RaiseChanged()));
}
}
public IEnumerable<IConfigurationProvider> Providers => _providers;
//通过索引拿数据,比如其他获取value的方法,其都是扩展类中实现的,读者可以自己看下。
public string this[string key]
{
get
{
//从后往前查Porvider里面对应的KV,每个Provider里面都有一个Data(字典)对象,只获取第一个的。
for (int i = _providers.Count - 1; i >= 0; i--)
{
IConfigurationProvider provider = _providers[i];

if (provider.TryGet(key, out string value))
{
return value;
}
}
return null;
}
set
{
if (_providers.Count == 0)
{
throw new InvalidOperationException(SR.Error_NoSources);
}
//修改时,所有的key对应的value值都修改
foreach (IConfigurationProvider provider in _providers)
{
provider.Set(key, value);
}
}
}
}


总结
  1. 可以看到微软为了保留扩展性,增加了抽象类和抽象接口,让用户能够自定义的扩展实现自己的配置。
  2. 配置的加载顺序尤为重要,后加载的会覆盖前面的key。
  3. 文件监听,由于篇幅原因,不写那么多了,原理是通过ChangeToken和FileProvider实现的。
    这里只是把核心代码给提出来,并不是全部代码,所以读者如果想看其他的,需要自己翻下源码。其实在读源码的过程中,一方面是为了探究实现原理,更大的收获是能够学习到人家巧妙的设计,能够用到自己的代码中。其实笔者的水平的也不是很高,如果有差错的地方,望读者能够提出来,以便我及时改正。