1.1 分析JDBC操作问题
public static void main(String[] args) { Connection connection = null; PreparedStatement preparedStatement = null; ResultSet resultSet = null; try { // 加载数据库驱动 Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"); // 通过驱动管理类获取数据库链接 connection =DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mybatis? characterEncoding=utf-8", "root", "root"); // 定义sql语句?表示占位符 String sql = "select * from user where username = ?"; // 获取预处理statement preparedStatement = connection.prepareStatement(sql); // 设置参数,第⼀个参数为sql语句中参数的序号(从1开始),第⼆个参数为设置的参数值preparedStatement.setString(1, "tom"); // 向数据库发出sql执⾏查询,查询出结果集 resultSet = preparedStatement.executeQuery(); // 遍历查询结果集 while (resultSet.next()) { int id = resultSet.getInt("id"); String username = resultSet.getString("username"); // 封装User user.setId(id); user.setUsername(username); } System.out.println(user); } } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { // 释放资源 if (resultSet != null) { try { resultSet.close(); } catch (SQLException e) { e.printStackTrace();if (preparedStatement != null) {try { preparedStatement.close(); } catch (SQLException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } }if (connection != null) {try { connection.close(); } catch (SQLException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }
JDBC问题总结:
原始jdbc开发存在的问题如下:
1、 数据库连接创建、释放频繁造成系统资源浪费,从⽽影响系统性能。
2、 Sql语句在代码中硬编码,造成代码不易维护,实际应⽤中sql变化的可能较⼤,sql变动需要改变
java代码。
3、 使⽤preparedStatement向占有位符号传参数存在硬编码,因为sql语句的where条件不⼀定,可能
多也可能少,修改sql还要修改代码,系统不易维护。
4、 对结果集解析存在硬编码(查询列名),sql变化导致解析代码变化,系统不易维护,如果能将数据 库
记录封装成pojo对象解析⽐较⽅便
1.2 问题解决思路
①使⽤数据库连接池初始化连接资源
②将sql语句抽取到xml配置⽂件中
③使⽤反射、内省等底层技术,⾃动将实体与表进⾏属性与字段的⾃动映射
1.3 ⾃定义框架设计
使⽤端:
提供核⼼配置⽂件:
sqlMapConfig.xml : 存放数据源信息,引⼊mapper.xml
Mapper.xml : sql语句的配置⽂件信息
框架端:
1.读取配置⽂件
读取完成以后以流的形式存在,我们不能将读取到的配置信息以流的形式存放在内存中,不好操作,可
以创建javaBean来存储
(1)Configuration : 存放数据库基本信息、Map
+ id
(2)MappedStatement:sql语句、statement类型、输⼊参数java类型、输出参数java类型
2.解析配置⽂件
创建sqlSessionFactoryBuilder类:
⽅法:sqlSessionFactory build():
第⼀:使⽤dom4j解析配置⽂件,将解析出来的内容封装到Configuration和MappedStatement中
第⼆:创建SqlSessionFactory的实现类DefaultSqlSession
3.创建SqlSessionFactory:
⽅法:openSession() : 获取sqlSession接⼝的实现类实例对象
4.创建sqlSession接⼝及实现类:主要封装crud⽅法
⽅法:selectList(String statementId,Object param):查询所有
selectOne(String statementId,Object param):查询单个
具体实现:封装JDBC完成对数据库表的查询操作
涉及到的设计模式:
Builder构建者设计模式、⼯⼚模式、代理模式
1.4 ⾃定义框架实现
在使⽤端项⽬中创建配置配置⽂件
创建 sqlMapConfig.xml〈configuration〉
mapper.xml<select id="selectOne" paramterType="com.lagou.pojo.User"resultType="com.lagou.pojo.User">select * from user where id = #{id} and username =#{username}select * from user
User实体
public class User {//主键标识private Integer id;//⽤户名private String username; public Integer getId() {return id; }public void setId(Integer id) {this.id = id; }public String getUsername() {return username; }public void setUsername(String username) {this.username = username; } @Overridepublic String toString() {return "User{" + "id=" + id + ", username='" + username + '\'' + '}'; } }
再创建⼀个Maven⼦⼯程并且导⼊需要⽤到的依赖坐标
UTF-8UTF-81.81.81.8mysqlmysql-connector-java5.1.17c3p0c3p00.9.1.2log4jlog4j1.2.12junitjunit4.10dom4jdom4j1.6.1jaxenjaxen1.1.6
Configuration
public class Configuration {//数据源private DataSource dataSource;//map集合: key:statementId value:MappedStatementprivate MapmappedStatementMap = new HashMap<String, MappedStatement>();public DataSource getDataSource() {return dataSource; }public void setDataSource(DataSource dataSource) {this.dataSource = dataSource; }public Map getMappedStatementMap() {return mappedStatementMap; }public void setMappedStatementMap(MapmappedStatementMap) {this.mappedStatementMap = mappedStatementMap; } }
MappedStatement
public class MappedStatement {//idprivate Integer id;//sql语句private String sql;//输⼊参数private Class paramterType;//输出参数private Class resultType;public Integer getId() {return id; }public void setId(Integer id) {this.id = id; }public String getSql() {return sql; }public void setSql(String sql) {this.sql = sql; }public Class getParamterType() {return paramterType; }public void setParamterType(Class paramterType) {this.paramterType = paramterType; }public Class getResultType() {return resultType; }public void setResultType(Class resultType) {this.resultType = resultType; } }
Resources
public class Resources { public static InputStream getResourceAsSteam(String path){ InputStream resourceAsStream = Resources.class.getClassLoader.getResourceAsStream(path); return resourceAsStream; } }
SqlSessionFactoryBuilder
public class SqlSessionFactoryBuilder {private Configuration configuration;public SqlSessionFactoryBuilder() {this.configuration = new Configuration(); }public SqlSessionFactory build(InputStream inputStream) throwsDocumentException, PropertyVetoException, ClassNotFoundException {//1.解析配置⽂件,封装Configuration XMLConfigerBuilderxmlConfigerBuilder = newXMLConfigerBuilder(configuration); Configuration configuration =xmlConfigerBuilder.parseConfiguration(inputStream);//2.创建 sqlSessionFactorySqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory = newDefaultSqlSessionFactory(configuration);return sqlSessionFactory; } XMLConfigerBuilderpublic class XMLConfigerBuilder { private Configuration configuration;public XMLConfigerBuilder(Configuration configuration) {this.configuration = new Configuration(); }public Configuration parseConfiguration(InputStream inputStream) throwsDocumentException, PropertyVetoException, ClassNotFoundException { Document document = new SAXReader().read(inputStream);//Element rootElement = document.getRootElement(); ListpropertyElements =rootElement.selectNodes("//property"); Properties properties = new Properties();for (Element propertyElement : propertyElements) { String name = propertyElement.attributeValue("name"); String value = propertyElement.attributeValue("value"); properties.setProperty(name,value); }//连接池ComboPooledDataSource comboPooledDataSource = newComboPooledDataSource(); comboPooledDataSource.setDriverClass(properties.getProperty("driverClass")); comboPooledDataSource.setJdbcUrl(properties.getProperty("jdbcUrl")); comboPooledDataSource.setUser(properties.getProperty("username")); comboPooledDataSource.setPassword(properties.getProperty("password"));//填充 configurationconfiguration.setDataSource(comboPooledDataSource);//mapper 部分ListmapperElements = rootElement.selectNodes("//mapper"); XMLMapperBuilder xmlMapperBuilder = newXMLMapperBuilder(configuration);for (Element mapperElement : mapperElements) { String mapperPath = mapperElement.attributeValue("resource"); InputStream resourceAsSteam =Resources.getResourceAsSteam(mapperPath); xmlMapperBuilder.parse(resourceAsSteam); }return configuration; } XMLMapperBuilderpublic class XMLMapperBuilder {private Configuration configuration;public XMLMapperBuilder(Configuration configuration) { this.configuration = configuration; }public void parse(InputStream inputStream) throws DocumentException, ClassNotFoundException { Document document = new SAXReader().read(inputStream); Element rootElement = document.getRootElement(); String namespace = rootElement.attributeValue("namespace"); Listselect = rootElement.selectNodes("select");for (Element element : select) { //id的值String id = element.attributeValue("id"); String paramterType = element.attributeValue("paramterType"); String resultType = element.attributeValue("resultType"); //输⼊参数class Class paramterTypeClass = getClassType(paramterType);//返回结果classClass resultTypeClass = getClassType(resultType);//statementIdString key = namespace + "." + id;//sql语句String textTrim = element.getTextTrim();//封装 mappedStatementMappedStatement mappedStatement = new MappedStatement(); mappedStatement.setId(id); mappedStatement.setParamterType(paramterTypeClass); mappedStatement.setResultType(resultTypeClass); mappedStatement.setSql(textTrim);//填充 configurationconfiguration.getMappedStatementMap().put(key, mappedStatement);private Class getClassType (String paramterType) throwsClassNotFoundException { Class aClass = Class.forName(paramterType);return aClass; } } sqlSessionFactory 接⼝及D efaultSqlSessionFactory 实现类public interface SqlSessionFactory {public SqlSession openSession(); }public class DefaultSqlSessionFactory implements SqlSessionFactory {private Configuration configuration;public DefaultSqlSessionFactory(Configuration configuration) {this.configuration = configuration; }public SqlSession openSession(){return new DefaultSqlSession(configuration); } } sqlSession 接⼝及 DefaultSqlSession 实现类public interface SqlSession {public List selectList(String statementId, Object... param) Exception;public T selectOne(String statementId,Object... params) throwsException;public void close() throws SQLException; }public class DefaultSqlSession implements SqlSession {private Configuration configuration;public DefaultSqlSession(Configuration configuration) {this.configuration = configuration;//处理器对象private Executor simpleExcutor = new SimpleExecutor();public List < E > selectList(String statementId, Object...param)throws Exception { MappedStatement mappedStatement =configuration.getMappedStatementMap().get(statementId); Listquery = simpleExcutor.query(configuration, mappedStatement, param);return query; }//selectOne 中调⽤ selectListpublic T selectOne(String statementId, Object...params) throwsException { Listobjects = selectList(statementId, params);if (objects.size() == 1) {return (T) objects.get(0); } else {throw new RuntimeException("返回结果过多"); } }public void close () throws SQLException { simpleExcutor.close(); } }
Executor
public interface Executor {List query(Configuration configuration, MappedStatement mappedStatement,Object[] param) throws Exception;void close() throws SQLException; }
SimpleExecutor
public class SimpleExecutor implements Executor {private Connection connection = null;public List query(Configuration configuration, MappedStatement mappedStatement, Object[] param) throws SQLException, NoSuchFieldException, IllegalAccessException, InstantiationException, IntrospectionException, InvocationTargetException {//获取连接connection = configuration.getDataSource().getConnection();// select * from user where id = #{id} and username = #{username}String sql = mappedStatement.getSql();//对sql进⾏处理BoundSql boundsql = getBoundSql(sql);// select * from where id = ? and username = ?String finalSql = boundsql.getSqlText();//获取传⼊参数类型Class paramterType = mappedStatement.getParamterType();//获取预编译preparedStatement对象PreparedStatement preparedStatement =connection.prepareStatement(finalSql); ListparameterMappingList =boundsql.getParameterMappingList();for (int i = 0; i < parameterMappingList.size(); i++) { ParameterMapping parameterMapping = parameterMappingList.get(i); String name = parameterMapping.getName();//反射Field declaredField = paramterType.getDeclaredField(name); declaredField.setAccessible(true);//参数的值Object o = declaredField.get(param[0]); //给占位符赋值preparedStatement.setObject(i + 1, o); } ResultSet resultSet = preparedStatement.executeQuery(); Class resultType = mappedStatement.getResultType(); ArrayListresults = new ArrayList();while (resultSet.next()) { ResultSetMetaData metaData = resultSet.getMetaData(); (E) resultType.newInstance();int columnCount = metaData.getColumnCount();for (int i = 1; i <= columnCount; i++) {//属性名String columnName = metaData.getColumnName(i);//属性值Object value = resultSet.getObject(columnName);//创建属性描述器,为属性⽣成读写⽅法PropertyDescriptor propertyDescriptor = newPropertyDescriptor(columnName, resultType);//获取写⽅法Method writeMethod = propertyDescriptor.getWriteMethod();//向类中写⼊值writeMethod.invoke(o, value); } results.add(o); }return results; } @Overridepublic void close() throws SQLException { connection.close(); }private BoundSql getBoundSql(String sql) {//标记处理类:主要是配合通⽤标记解析器GenericTokenParser类完成对配置⽂件等的解析⼯作,其中TokenHandler主要完成处理 ParameterMappingTokenHandler parameterMappingTokenHandler = newParameterMappingTokenHandler();//GenericTokenParser :通⽤的标记解析器,完成了代码⽚段中的占位符的解析,然后再根据给定的标记处理器(TokenHandler)来进⾏表达式的处理//三个参数:分别为openToken (开始标记)、closeToken (结束标记)、handler (标记处 理器) GenericTokenParser genericTokenParser = new GenericTokenParser("# {","}", parameterMappingTokenHandler); String parse = genericTokenParser.parse(sql); ListparameterMappings =parameterMappingTokenHandler.getParameterMappings(); BoundSql boundSql = new BoundSql(parse, parameterMappings);return boundSql;BoundSql
1.5 ⾃定义框架优化
通过上述我们的⾃定义框架,我们解决了JDBC操作数据库带来的⼀些问题:例如频繁创建释放数据库连
接,硬编码,⼿动封装返回结果集等问题,但是现在我们继续来分析刚刚完成的⾃定义框架代码,有没
有什么问题?
问题如下:
dao的实现类中存在重复的代码,整个操作的过程模板重复(创建sqlsession,调⽤sqlsession⽅
法,关闭 sqlsession)
dao的实现类中存在硬编码,调⽤sqlsession的⽅法时,参数statement的id硬编码
}
}
public class BoundSql {
//解析过后的sql语句
private String sqlText;
//解析出来的参数
private List
ArrayList
public BoundSql(String sqlText, List
parameterMappingList) {
this.sqlText = sqlText;
this.parameterMappingList = parameterMappingList;
}
public String getSqlText() {
return sqlText;
}
public void setSqlText(String sqlText) {
this.sqlText = sqlText;
}
public List
return parameterMappingList;
}
public void setParameterMappingList(List
parameterMappingList) {
this.parameterMappingList = parameterMappingList;
}
}解决:使⽤代理模式来创建接⼝的代理对象
@Test
public void test2() throws Exception {
InputStream resourceAsSteam = Resources.getResourceAsSteam(path:
"sqlMapConfig.xml")
SqlSessionFactory build = new
SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(resourceAsSteam);
SqlSession sqlSession = build.openSession();
User user = new User();
user.setld(l);
user.setUsername("tom");
//代理对象
UserMapper userMapper = sqlSession.getMappper(UserMapper.class);
User userl = userMapper.selectOne(user);
System・out.println(userl);
}
在sqlSession中添加⽅法
public interface SqlSession {
public
实现类
@Override
public
T o = (T) Proxy.newProxyInstance(mapperClass.getClassLoader(), new
Class[] {mapperClass}, new InvocationHandler() {
@Override
public Object invoke(Object proxy, Method method, Object[] args)
throws Throwable {
// selectOne
String methodName = method.getName();
// className:namespace
String className = method.getDeclaringClass().getName();
//statementid
String key = className+"."+methodName;
MappedStatement mappedStatement =
configuration.getMappedStatementMap().get(key);
Type genericReturnType = method.getGenericReturnType();
ArrayList arrayList = new ArrayList<> ();
//判断是否实现泛型类型参数化
if(genericReturnType instanceof ParameterizedType){
return selectList(key,args);
return selectOne(key,args);
}
});