针对中小型网站(3000人左右/15分钟)的服务器架构

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mob604756fc844f 2011-06-26 00:59:00

文章标签 php nginx mysql linux xml 文章分类 运维

本文涉及的服务器构架主要针对3000人左右/15分钟的中小型网站, 多见于discuz!论坛构建的社区等等

环境为linux(内核2.6+), nginx, php(fastcgi), mysql 等高效开源软件构成, 成本低廉, 是普通个人站长朋友的首选,

但是针对部分企业, 这个方案也是一个非常不错的选择!

至于nginx和apache等web服务器的性能比较这里就不多说了

本文是以实例的方式来描述安装以及配置等情况, 供各位参考

1. 硬件环境

一台web服务器, 一台db服务器, 没有raid

web服务器至强双核1.60GHz, 2G, 73GSCSI*2

db服务器至强双核1.60GHz, 2G, 73GSCSI*2

2. 系统环境

CentOS 5.x (内核2.6+)

简单的说下前期工作:安装系统尽可能的精简, 检查系统时间, dmesg看看有无错误, 关闭selinux,ipv6, 升级系统到最新yum -y update

安装如下web环境必要的软件包:

# yum install -y ntp vim-enhanced gcc gcc-c++ gcc-g77 flex bison autoconf automake bzip2-devel ncurses-devel libjpeg-devel libpng-devel libtiff-devel freetype-devel pam-devel kernel

3. 准备软件

nginx-0.6.31.tar.gz

pcre-7.3.tar.gz

php-5.2.6.tar.bz2

eaccelerator-0.9.5.3.tar.bz2

ZendOptimizer-3.3.0-linux-glibc21-i386.tar.gz

lighttpd-1.4.19.tar.bz2

libxml2-2.6.30.tar.gz

libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.bz2

gd-2.0.34.tar.gz

mysql-5.0.51a-linux-i686-glibc23.tar.gz

以上软件都是目前最新最稳定的版本, 查找和下载以上软件或者更新版本

请在www.google.com输入: 软件全名 intitle:index

一般头几个都是可以下载的, 找个最快的就可以了

4.开始安装环境:

(1)安装gd库

# tar zxvf gd-2.0.34.tar.gz

# cd gd-2.0.34

# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/gd2

# make

# make install

(2)安装LibXML2

# tar zxvf libxml2-2.6.30.tar.gz

# cd libxml2-2.6.30

# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/libxml2

# make

# make install

(3)安装LibMcrypt

# cd /usr/local/src

# tar jxvf libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.bz2

# cd libmcrypt-2.5.8

# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/libmcrypt

# make

# make install

(4)解压mysql-5.0.51a-linux-i686-glibc23.tar.gz, 然后把解开的包里的lib和include目录转移到任意目录, 例如/usr/local/mysql

因为编译php5需要用到mysql的支持(--with-mysql)

# tar zxvf mysql-5.0.51a-linux-i686-glibc23.tar.gz

# cd mysql-5.0.51a-linux-i686-glibc23

# mkdir -p /user/local/mysql

# mv ./lib ./include /user/local/mysql/

(5)编译php(fastcfi模式)

# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php-fcgi --enable-fastcgi --enable-discard-path --enable-force-cgi-redirect --with-config-file-path=/usr/local/php-fcgi/etc --enable-zend-multibyte --with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql --with-libxml-dir=/usr/local/libxml2 --with-gd=/usr/local/gd2 --with-jpeg-dir --with-png-dir --with-bz2 --with-freetype-dir --with-iconv-dir --with-zlib-dir --with-mcrypt=/usr/local/libmcrypt --enable-sysvsem --enable-inline-optimization --enable-soap --enable-gd-native-ttf --enable-ftp --enable-mbstring --enable-exif --disable-debug --disable-ipv6

# make

# make install

# cp php.ini-dist /usr/local/php-fcgi/etc/php.ini

(6)安装ZendOptimizer

# tar zxvf ZendOptimizer-3.3.0-linux-glibc21-i386.tar.gz

# cd ZendOptimizer-3.3.0-linux-glibc21-i386

# ./install

基本上是一直回车, 值得注意一点的是:

当您看到要选择php的路径时就写:

/usr/local/php-fcgi/etc

看到Are you using Apache Web server?

这里要选NO

(7)安装eaccelerator

# tar jxvf eaccelerator-0.9.5.3.tar.bz2

# cd eaccelerator-0.9.5.3

# ./configure --enable-eaccelerator=shared --with-php-config=/usr/local/php-fcgi/bin/php-config

# make

# make install

# mkdir /tmp/eaccelerator && chmod 777 /tmp/eaccelerator && touch /var/log/eaccelerator_log

编辑php.ini

# vi /usr/local/php-fcgi/etc/php.ini

在最底部加上:

extension=/usr/local/php-fcgi/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/eaccelerator.so

eaccelerator.shm_size="16"

eaccelerator.cache_dir="/tmp/eaccelerator"

eaccelerator.enable="1"

eaccelerator.optimizer="1"

eaccelerator.check_mtime="1"

eaccelerator.debug="0"

eaccelerator.log_file = "/var/log/eaccelerator_log"

eaccelerator.filter=""

eaccelerator.shm_max="0"

eaccelerator.shm_ttl="0"

eaccelerator.shm_prune_period="0"

eaccelerator.shm_only="0"

eaccelerator.compress="1"

eaccelerator.compress_level="9"

(8)安装nginx的rewrite模块需要pcre库

# tar zxvf pcre-7.3.tar.gz

# cd pcre-7.3

# ./configure

# make && make install

(9)安装nginx

# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx/ --with-http_stub_status_module

# make && make install

(10)编译出lighttpd中附带的spawn-fcgi,它的作用是来启动php-cgi

# tar jxvf lighttpd-1.4.19.tar.bz2

# cd lighttpd-1.4.19

# ./configure

# make

# cp src/spawn-fcgi /usr/local/php-fcgi/bin/

到现在为之, 安装过程已经结束

5.开始配置环境:

# cd /usr/local/nginx/conf

# mkdir vhosts

先备份即将要修改的文件

# cp nginx.conf nginx.conf.bak

# cp fastcgi_params fastcgi_params.bak

# mkdir -p /usr/local/nginx/temp/client_body

# mkdir /usr/local/nginx/var

(1)编辑nginx主配置文件nginx.conf

编辑nginx.conf, 并且把其内容修改为, 最后几行注意自定义一下

daemon on;

worker_processes 4;

worker_cpu_affinity 0001 0010 0100 1000;

error_log /dev/null;

pid var/nginx.pid;

lock_file var/nginx.lock;

events {

worker_connections 2048;

use epoll;

multi_accept on;

}

http {

include mime.types;

default_type application/octet-stream;

server_names_hash_max_size 512;

server_names_hash_bucket_size 128;

sendfile on;

tcp_nopush on;

tcp_nodelay on;

keepalive_timeout 1;

client_header_timeout 10;

client_body_timeout 10;

client_max_body_size 10m;

client_body_buffer_size 256k;

send_timeout 30;

client_header_buffer_size 1k;

large_client_header_buffers 4 4k;

client_body_temp_path /usr/local/nginx/temp/client_body 1 2;

gzip on;

gzip_min_length 1000;

gzip_buffers 4 8k;

gzip_http_version 1.1;

gzip_comp_level 1;

gzip_types text/plain text/css application/x-javascript text/xml application/xml application/xml+rss text/javascript;

log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] $request '

'"$status" $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '

'"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

access_log /dev/null;

# 引用你即将要放置的虚拟主机配置文件

include vhosts/hao32.com;

include vhosts/linuxsense.org;

}

(2)编辑php在fastcgi模式下的配置文件:

# vi fastcgi_params

内容修改为:

fastcgi_param QUERY_STRING $query_string;

fastcgi_param REQUEST_METHOD $request_method;

fastcgi_param CONTENT_TYPE $content_type;

fastcgi_param CONTENT_LENGTH $content_length;

fastcgi_param SCRIPT_NAME $fastcgi_script_name;

fastcgi_param REQUEST_URI $request_uri;

fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_URI $document_uri;

fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_ROOT $document_root;

fastcgi_param SERVER_PROTOCOL $server_protocol;

fastcgi_param GATEWAY_INTERFACE CGI/1.1;

fastcgi_param SERVER_SOFTWARE nginx/$nginx_version;

fastcgi_param REMOTE_ADDR $remote_addr;

fastcgi_param REMOTE_PORT $remote_port;

fastcgi_param SERVER_ADDR $server_addr;

fastcgi_param SERVER_PORT $server_port;

fastcgi_param SERVER_NAME $server_name;

# PHP only, required if PHP was built with --enable-force-cgi-redirect

fastcgi_param REDIRECT_STATUS 200;

(2)编辑虚拟主机的配置文件

# cd vhosts/

# vi hao32.com

添加内容如下

server {

listen 80;

server_name hao32.com www.hao32.com;

# 可以选择打开日志

#access_log /var/log/hao32.com/access.log combined buffer=32k;

#error_log /var/log/hao32.com/error.log warn;

location / {

index index.html index.htm index.php;

root /www/wwwroot/hao32.com;

location ~ /.php$ {

include fastcgi_params;

fastcgi_index index.php;

fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:8407;

fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /www/wwwroot/hao32.com$fastcgi_script_name;

}

location /hao32-status {

stub_status on;

access_log off;

}

# vi linuxsense.org

添加内容如下, 这是一个带有discuz!默认rewrite规则的主机事例

server {

listen 80;

server_name linuxsense.org www.linuxsense.org;

# 可以选择打开日志

#access_log /var/log/linuxsense.org/access.log combined buffer=32k;

#error_log /var/log/linuxsense.org/error.log warn;

location / {

index index.html index.htm index.php;

root /www/wwwroot/linuxsense.org;

rewrite ^(.*)/archiver/((fid|tid)-[/w/-]+/.html)$ $1/archiver/index.php?$2 last;

rewrite ^(.*)/forum-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)/.html$ $1/forumdisplay.php?fid=$2&page=$3 last;

rewrite ^(.*)/thread-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)/.html$ $1/viewthread.php?tid=$2&extra=page/%3D$4&page=$3 last;

rewrite ^(.*)/profile-(username|uid)-(.+)/.html$ $1/viewpro.php?$2=$3 last;

rewrite ^(.*)/space-(username|uid)-(.+)/.html$ $1/space.php?$2=$3 last;

rewrite ^(.*)/tag-(.+)/.html$ $1/tag.php?name=$2 last;

location ~ /.php$ {

include fastcgi_params;

fastcgi_index index.php;

fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:8408;

fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /www/wwwroot/linuxsense.org$fastcgi_script_name;

}

location /linuxsense-status {

stub_status on;

access_log off;

}

(3)增加网站用户

useradd hao32 -d /www/wwwroot/hao32.com -s /sbin/nologin

useradd linuxsense -d /www/wwwroot/linuxsense.org -s /sbin/nologin

如果参数-d后的路径本身就存在, 会提示

useradd: warning: the home directory already exists.

Not copying any file from skel directory into it.

这并不影响,

chown -R hao32:hao32 /www/wwwroot/hao32.com

chown -R linuxsense:linuxsense /www/wwwroot/linuxsense

(5)创建一个要等会要使用的用户列表USER_LIST

# vi /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhosts/USER_LIST

格式如下

去掉-a -p -C -u -f等参数, 分表是本机php要使用的ip地址, 端口, 用户

注意, 如果有两个用户就要两行, 主要不要有空白行

-a 127.0.0.1 -p 8407 -C 20 -u hao32 -f

-a 127.0.0.1 -p 8408 -C 200 -u linuxsense -f

(6)制作php-cgi,nginx等启动脚本, 并加入系统服务

# vi /etc/init.d/php-cgi

# chmod 755 /etc/init.d/php-cgi

编辑php-cgi启动脚本, 加入以下代码:

#!/bin/bash

# PHP-FastCGI Control Script for Red Hat based Linux.

# Written by hao32

# chkconfig: 3 89 89

# description: PHP Fast-CGI

# PHP Users Settings

USER_INFO="/usr/local/nginx/conf/vhosts/USER_LIST"

# Source Function Library

. /etc/init.d/functions

PHP_SPAWN="/usr/local/php-fcgi/bin/spawn-fcgi"

PHP_SBIN="/usr/local/php-fcgi/bin/php-cgi"

PHP_PID="/usr/local/nginx/var/php-fcgi.pid"

RETVAL=0

prog="PHP FastCGI"

mkdir -p /var/run/php-fcgi 2> /dev/null

start() {

echo -n $"Starting $prog: "

cat $USER_INFO | while read list

daemon $PHP_SPAWN $list $PHP_SBIN

done

RETVAL=$?

if [ $RETVAL -eq 0 ]

then

touch /var/lock/subsys/php-fcgi

echo

return $RETVAL

}

stop() {

echo -n $"Stopping $prog: "

killproc php-cgi

RETVAL=$?

if [ $RETVAL -eq 0 ]

then

rm -f /var/lock/subsys/php-fcgi

echo

return $RETVAL

}

restart() {

stop

echo -ne "Restart.../n"

sleep 3

start

}

case "$1" in

start)

start

;;

stop)

stop

;;

restart)

restart

;;

echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop|restart}"

RETVAL=1

esac

exit $RETVAL

# vi /etc/init.d/nginx

# chmod 755 /etc/init.d/nginx

编辑nginx启动脚本, 加入以下代码

#!/bin/bash

# Nginx Control Script for Red Hat based Linux.

# chkconfig: 3 90 90

# description: Nginx Web Server Control

# Source Function Library

. /etc/init.d/functions

# Nginx Settings

NGINX_SBIN="/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx"

NGINX_CONF="/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf"

NGINX_PID="/usr/local/nginx/var/nginx.pid"

RETVAL=0

prog="nginx"

mkdir -p /var/run/nginx 2> /dev/null

start() {

echo -n $"Starting $prog: "

daemon $NGINX_SBIN -c $NGINX_CONF

RETVAL=$?

if [ $RETVAL -eq 0 ]

then

touch /var/lock/subsys/nginx

echo

return $RETVAL

}

stop() {

echo -n $"Stopping $prog: "

killproc -p $NGINX_PID $NGINX_SBIN -TERM

RETVAL=$?

if [ $RETVAL -eq 0 ]

then

rm -f /var/lock/subsys/nginx

echo

return $RETVAL

}

reload() {

echo -n $"Reloading $prog: "

killproc -p $NGINX_PID $NGINX_SBIN -HUP

RETVAL=$?

echo

return $RETVAL

}

restart() {

stop

start

}

configtest() {

$NGINX_SBIN -c $NGINX_CONF -t

exit

}

case "$1" in

start)

start

;;

stop)

stop

;;

reload)

reload

;;

restart)

restart

;;

configtest)

configtest

;;

echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop|reload|restart|configtest}"

RETVAL=1

esac

exit $RETVAL

增加到系统服务器

chkconfig --add nginx

chkconfig --add php-cgi

现在可以启动php-cgi和nginx了

service nginx start

service php-cgi start

重启动使用restart

开始安装配置mysql

# tar zxvf mysql-5.0.51a-linux-i686-glibc23.tar.gz

# mv mysql-5.0.51a-linux-i686-glibc23 /usr/local/

# ln -s /usr/local/mysql-5.0.51a-linux-i686-glibc23 /usr/local/mysql

# useradd mysql

# chown -R mysql:root /usr/local/mysql/

# cd /usr/local/mysql

# ./scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql

# cp ./support-files/mysql.server /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld

# chmod 755 /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld

# chkconfig --add mysqld

# chkconfig --level 3 mysqld on

# cp ./support-files/my-huge.cnf /etc/my.cnf

# mv /usr/local/mysql/data /var/lib/mysql

# chown -R mysql:mysql /var/lib/mysql

# cd /usr/local/mysql/bin

# for i in *; do ln -s /usr/local/mysql/bin/$i /usr/bin/$i; done

编辑/etc/my.cnf

内容为:

[client]

port = 3306

socket = /tmp/mysql.sock

[mysqld]

port = 3306

socket = /tmp/mysql.sock

max_connections = 1024

# max_user_connections = 40

skip-innodb

#skip-network

#skip-bdb

datadir = /var/lib/mysql

default-character-set=utf8

long_query_time = 5

log-slow-queries = /var/lib/mysql/slow_queries

wait_timeout = 5

thread_stack=128K

interactive_timeout = 20

skip-locking

key_buffer = 256M

max_allowed_packet = 2M

table_cache = 512

sort_buffer_size = 2M

read_buffer_size = 2M

read_rnd_buffer_size = 8M

myisam_sort_buffer_size = 64M

thread_cache_size = 8

query_cache_size = 32M

# Try number of CPU's*2 for thread_concurrency

thread_concurrency = 8

log-bin=mysql-bin

server-id = 1

[mysql]

default-character-set=utf8

在本机上登陆mysql

# mysql -uroot

mysql>

输入一下内(可以复制粘贴啊), 增加一个可以远程连接的用户, 本例用户是hao32, 密码是:hao32.com

然后在web服务器上使用诸如phpmyadmin等软件连接上本台db服务器, 删增相应的用户

INSERT INTO `mysql`.`user` (

`Host` ,

`User` ,

`Password` ,

`Select_priv` ,

`Insert_priv` ,

`Update_priv` ,

`Delete_priv` ,

`Create_priv` ,

`Drop_priv` ,

`Reload_priv` ,

`Shutdown_priv` ,

`Process_priv` ,

`File_priv` ,

`Grant_priv` ,

`References_priv` ,

`Index_priv` ,

`Alter_priv` ,

`Show_db_priv` ,

`Super_priv` ,

`Create_tmp_table_priv` ,

`Lock_tables_priv` ,

`Execute_priv` ,

`Repl_slave_priv` ,

`Repl_client_priv` ,

`Create_view_priv` ,

`Show_view_priv` ,

`Create_routine_priv` ,

`Alter_routine_priv` ,

`Create_user_priv` ,

`ssl_type` ,

`max_questions` ,

`max_updates` ,

`max_connections` ,

`max_user_connections`

)

VALUES (

'%', 'hao32', PASSWORD( 'hao32.com' ) , 'Y', 'Y', 'Y', 'Y', 'Y', 'Y', 'Y', 'Y', 'Y', 'Y', 'Y', 'Y', 'Y', 'Y', 'Y', 'Y', 'Y', 'Y', 'Y', 'Y', 'Y', 'Y', 'Y', 'Y', 'Y', 'Y', '', '0', '0', '0', '0'

);

完毕!

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