MySQL Server 有四种类型的日志——Error Log、General Query Log、Binary Log 和 Slow Query Log。
第一个是错误日志，记录 mysqld 的一些错误。第二个是一般查询日志，记录 mysqld 正在做的事情，比如客户端的连接和断开、来自客户端每条 Sql Statement 记录信息；如果你想准确知道客户端到底传了什么瞎 [哔哔] 玩意儿给服务端，这个日志就非常管用了，不过它非常影响性能。第四个是慢查询日志，记录一些查询比较慢的 SQL 语句——这种日志非常常用，主要是给开发者调优用的。
剩下的第三种就是 Binlog 了，包含了一些事件，这些事件描述了数据库的改动，如建表、数据改动等，也包括一些潜在改动，比如 DELETE FROM ran WHERE bing = luan，然而一条数据都没被删掉的这种情况。除非使用 Row-based logging，否则会包含所有改动数据的 SQL Statement。
那么 Binlog 就有了两个重要的用途——复制和恢复。比如主从表的复制，和备份恢复什么的。
一、概念部分：
顾名思义，慢查询日志中记录的是执行时间较长的query，也就是我们常说的slow query，通过设--log-slow-queries[=file_name]来打开该功能并设置记录位置和文件名，默认文件名为hostname-slow.log，默认目录也是数据目录。
慢查询日志采用的是简单的文本格式，可以通过各种文本编辑器查看其中的内容。其中记录了语句执行的时刻，执行所消耗的时间，执行用户，连接主机等相关信息。MySQL还提供了专门用来分析满查询日志的工具程序mysqlslowdump，用来帮助数据库管理人员解决可能存在的性能问题。
二、slow query log相关变量
2.1、命令行参数：
--log-slow-queries
指定日志文件存放位置，可以为空，系统会给一个缺省的文件host_name-slow.log
2.2、系统变量
log_slow_queries
指定日志文件存放位置，可以为空，系统会给一个缺省的文件host_name-slow.log
slow_query_log
slow quere log的开关，当值为1的时候说明开启慢查询。
slow_query_log_file
指定日志文件存放位置，可以为空，系统会给一个缺省的文件host_name-slow.log
long_query_time
记录超过的时间，默认为10s
log_queries_not_using_indexes
log下来没有使用索引的query，可以根据情况决定是否开启
三、实验部分：
----使用log_slow_queries参数打开慢查询，由于该参数已经过时，因此在err日志中将出现提示信息
----修改my.cnf文件，添加log_slow_queries参数
[root@node4 ~]# vi /opt/mysql5.5/my.cnf
[root@node4 ~]# cat /opt/mysql5.5/my.cnf |grep '^log_slow'
log_slow_queries = /tmp/mysqlslow.log
----清空err日志内容：
[root@node4 ~]# cat /dev/null > /tmp/mysql3306.err
[root@node4 ~]# service mysql start
Starting MySQL.... [ OK ]
----查看err日志的信息
[root@node4 data]# tail -f /tmp/mysql3306.err
130801 02:26:28 mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /opt/mysql5.5/data
130801 2:26:28 [Warning] The syntax '--log-slow-queries' is deprecated and will be removed in a future release. Please use '--slow-query-log'/'--slow-query-log-file' instead.
130801 2:26:28 [Warning] You need to use --log-bin to make --binlog-format work.
130801 2:26:28 InnoDB: The InnoDB memory heap is disabled
130801 2:26:28 InnoDB: Mutexes and rw_locks use InnoDB's own implementation
130801 2:26:28 InnoDB: Compressed tables use zlib 1.2.3
130801 2:26:28 InnoDB: Initializing buffer pool, size = 128.0M
130801 2:26:28 InnoDB: Completed initialization of buffer pool
130801 2:26:28 InnoDB: highest supported file format is Barracuda.
130801 2:26:28 InnoDB: Waiting for the background threads to start
130801 2:26:30 InnoDB: 1.1.8 started; log sequence number 3069452
130801 2:26:30 [Note] Event Scheduler: Loaded 0 events
130801 2:26:30 [Note] /opt/mysql5.5/bin/mysqld: ready for connections.
Version: '5.5.22-log' socket: '/tmp/mysql.sock' port: 3306 Source distribution
----使用slow_query_log和slow_query_log_file
[root@node4 ~]# vi /opt/mysql5.5/my.cnf
[root@node4 ~]# cat /opt/mysql5.5/my.cnf |grep '^slow_query'
slow_query_log = 1
slow_query_log_file = /tmp/mysqlslow.log1
[root@node4 ~]# service mysql start
Starting MySQL... [ OK ]
[root@node4 ~]# mysql
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 1
Server version: 5.5.22-log Source distribution
Copyright (c) 2000, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> show variables like '%slow%';
+---------------------+---------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+---------------------+---------------------+
| log_slow_queries | ON |
| slow_launch_time | 10 |
| slow_query_log | ON |
| slow_query_log_file | /tmp/mysqlslow.log1 |
+---------------------+---------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
----关于slow_launch_time参数，首先修改一下参数值
mysql> set global long_query_time=1;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> show variables like '%long_query%';
+-----------------+----------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+-----------------+----------+
| long_query_time | 1.000000 |
+-----------------+----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
----进行一下相关操作，查看/tmp/mysqlslow.log1的内容
mysql> select database();
+------------+
| database() |
+------------+
| NULL |
+------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> use test;
Database changed
mysql> show tables;
Empty set (0.00 sec)
mysql> create table t as select * from information_schema.tables;
Query OK, 85 rows affected (0.38 sec)
Records: 85 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> insert into t select * from t;
Query OK, 85 rows affected (0.05 sec)
Records: 85 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> insert into t select * from t;
Query OK, 170 rows affected (0.03 sec)
Records: 170 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> insert into t select * from t;
Query OK, 340 rows affected (0.05 sec)
Records: 340 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> insert into t select * from t;
Query OK, 680 rows affected (0.08 sec)
Records: 680 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> insert into t select * from t;
Query OK, 1360 rows affected (0.29 sec)
Records: 1360 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> insert into t select * from t;
Query OK, 2720 rows affected (1.49 sec)
Records: 2720 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
----在这里已经超过1s了，查看/tmp/mysqlslow.log1
[root@node4 data]# tail -f /tmp/mysqlslow.log1
# Time: 130801 2:36:25
# User@Host: root[root] @ localhost []
# Query_time: 2.274219 Lock_time: 0.000322 Rows_sent: 0 Rows_examined: 5440
use test;
SET timestamp=1375295785;
insert into t select * from t;
----log_queries_not_using_indexes参数实验
mysql> show variables like '%indexes%';
+-------------------------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+-------------------------------+-------+
| log_queries_not_using_indexes | OFF |
+-------------------------------+-------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> set log_queries_not_using_indexes = 1;
ERROR 1229 (HY000): Variable 'log_queries_not_using_indexes' is a GLOBAL variable and should be set with SET GLOBAL
mysql> set global log_queries_not_using_indexes = 1;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> show variables like '%indexes%';
+-------------------------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+-------------------------------+-------+
| log_queries_not_using_indexes | ON |
+-------------------------------+-------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> desc t;
+-----------------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-----------------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| TABLE_CATALOG | varchar(512) | NO | | | |
| TABLE_SCHEMA | varchar(64) | NO | | | |
| TABLE_NAME | varchar(64) | NO | | | |
| TABLE_TYPE | varchar(64) | NO | | | |
| ENGINE | varchar(64) | YES | | NULL | |
| VERSION | bigint(21) unsigned | YES | | NULL | |
| ROW_FORMAT | varchar(10) | YES | | NULL | |
| TABLE_ROWS | bigint(21) unsigned | YES | | NULL | |
| AVG_ROW_LENGTH | bigint(21) unsigned | YES | | NULL | |
| DATA_LENGTH | bigint(21) unsigned | YES | | NULL | |
| MAX_DATA_LENGTH | bigint(21) unsigned | YES | | NULL | |
| INDEX_LENGTH | bigint(21) unsigned | YES | | NULL | |
| DATA_FREE | bigint(21) unsigned | YES | | NULL | |
| AUTO_INCREMENT | bigint(21) unsigned | YES | | NULL | |
| CREATE_TIME | datetime | YES | | NULL | |
| UPDATE_TIME | datetime | YES | | NULL | |
| CHECK_TIME | datetime | YES | | NULL | |
| TABLE_COLLATION | varchar(32) | YES | | NULL | |
| CHECKSUM | bigint(21) unsigned | YES | | NULL | |
| CREATE_OPTIONS | varchar(255) | YES | | NULL | |
| TABLE_COMMENT | varchar(2048) | NO | | | |
+-----------------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
21 rows in set (0.05 sec)
----下面的命令是查看索引的
mysql> show index from t;
Empty set (0.01 sec)
mysql> select * from t where engine='xxx';
Empty set (0.18 sec)
# Time: 130801 2:43:43
# User@Host: root[root] @ localhost []
# Query_time: 0.185773 Lock_time: 0.148868 Rows_sent: 0 Rows_examined: 5440
SET timestamp=1375296223;
select * from t where engine='xxx';
四、Mysqldumpslow
如果日志内容很多，用眼睛一条一条看会累死，mysql自带了分析的工具，使用方法如下：
[root@node4 data]# mysqldumpslow --help
Usage: mysqldumpslow [ OPTS... ] [ LOGS... ]
Parse and summarize the MySQL slow query log. Options are
--verbose verbose
--debug debug
--help write this text to standard output
-v verbose
-d debug
-s ORDER what to sort by (al, at, ar, c, l, r, t), 'at' is default
al: average lock time
ar: average rows sent
at: average query time
c: count
l: lock time
r: rows sent
t: query time
-r reverse the sort order (largest last instead of first)
-t NUM just show the top n queries
-a don't abstract all numbers to N and strings to 'S'
-n NUM abstract numbers with at least n digits within names
-g PATTERN grep: only consider stmts that include this string
-h HOSTNAME hostname of db server for *-slow.log filename (can be wildcard),
default is '*', i.e. match all
-i NAME name of server instance (if using mysql.server startup script)
-l don't subtract lock time from total time
一、概念部分：
顾名思义，慢查询日志中记录的是执行时间较长的query，也就是我们常说的slow query，通过设--log-slow-queries[=file_name]来打开该功能并设置记录位置和文件名，默认文件名为hostname-slow.log，默认目录也是数据目录。
慢查询日志采用的是简单的文本格式，可以通过各种文本编辑器查看其中的内容。其中记录了语句执行的时刻，执行所消耗的时间，执行用户，连接主机等相关信息。MySQL还提供了专门用来分析满查询日志的工具程序mysqlslowdump，用来帮助数据库管理人员解决可能存在的性能问题。
二、slow query log相关变量
2.1、命令行参数：
--log-slow-queries
指定日志文件存放位置，可以为空，系统会给一个缺省的文件host_name-slow.log
2.2、系统变量
log_slow_queries
指定日志文件存放位置，可以为空，系统会给一个缺省的文件host_name-slow.log
slow_query_log
slow quere log的开关，当值为1的时候说明开启慢查询。
slow_query_log_file
指定日志文件存放位置，可以为空，系统会给一个缺省的文件host_name-slow.log
long_query_time
记录超过的时间，默认为10s
log_queries_not_using_indexes
log下来没有使用索引的query，可以根据情况决定是否开启
三、实验部分：
----使用log_slow_queries参数打开慢查询，由于该参数已经过时，因此在err日志中将出现提示信息
----修改my.cnf文件，添加log_slow_queries参数
[root@node4 ~]# vi /opt/mysql5.5/my.cnf
[root@node4 ~]# cat /opt/mysql5.5/my.cnf |grep '^log_slow'
log_slow_queries = /tmp/mysqlslow.log
----清空err日志内容：
[root@node4 ~]# cat /dev/null > /tmp/mysql3306.err
[root@node4 ~]# service mysql start
Starting MySQL.... [ OK ]
----查看err日志的信息
[root@node4 data]# tail -f /tmp/mysql3306.err
130801 02:26:28 mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /opt/mysql5.5/data
130801 2:26:28 [Warning] The syntax '--log-slow-queries' is deprecated and will be removed in a future release. Please use '--slow-query-log'/'--slow-query-log-file' instead.
130801 2:26:28 [Warning] You need to use --log-bin to make --binlog-format work.
130801 2:26:28 InnoDB: The InnoDB memory heap is disabled
130801 2:26:28 InnoDB: Mutexes and rw_locks use InnoDB's own implementation
130801 2:26:28 InnoDB: Compressed tables use zlib 1.2.3
130801 2:26:28 InnoDB: Initializing buffer pool, size = 128.0M
130801 2:26:28 InnoDB: Completed initialization of buffer pool
130801 2:26:28 InnoDB: highest supported file format is Barracuda.
130801 2:26:28 InnoDB: Waiting for the background threads to start
130801 2:26:30 InnoDB: 1.1.8 started; log sequence number 3069452
130801 2:26:30 [Note] Event Scheduler: Loaded 0 events
130801 2:26:30 [Note] /opt/mysql5.5/bin/mysqld: ready for connections.
Version: '5.5.22-log' socket: '/tmp/mysql.sock' port: 3306 Source distribution
----使用slow_query_log和slow_query_log_file
[root@node4 ~]# vi /opt/mysql5.5/my.cnf
[root@node4 ~]# cat /opt/mysql5.5/my.cnf |grep '^slow_query'
slow_query_log = 1
slow_query_log_file = /tmp/mysqlslow.log1
[root@node4 ~]# service mysql start
Starting MySQL... [ OK ]
[root@node4 ~]# mysql
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 1
Server version: 5.5.22-log Source distribution
Copyright (c) 2000, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> show variables like '%slow%';
+---------------------+---------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+---------------------+---------------------+
| log_slow_queries | ON |
| slow_launch_time | 10 |
| slow_query_log | ON |
| slow_query_log_file | /tmp/mysqlslow.log1 |
+---------------------+---------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
----关于slow_launch_time参数，首先修改一下参数值
mysql> set global long_query_time=1;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> show variables like '%long_query%';
+-----------------+----------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+-----------------+----------+
| long_query_time | 1.000000 |
+-----------------+----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
----进行一下相关操作，查看/tmp/mysqlslow.log1的内容
mysql> select database();
+------------+
| database() |
+------------+
| NULL |
+------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> use test;
Database changed
mysql> show tables;
Empty set (0.00 sec)
mysql> create table t as select * from information_schema.tables;
Query OK, 85 rows affected (0.38 sec)
Records: 85 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> insert into t select * from t;
Query OK, 85 rows affected (0.05 sec)
Records: 85 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> insert into t select * from t;
Query OK, 170 rows affected (0.03 sec)
Records: 170 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> insert into t select * from t;
Query OK, 340 rows affected (0.05 sec)
Records: 340 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> insert into t select * from t;
Query OK, 680 rows affected (0.08 sec)
Records: 680 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> insert into t select * from t;
Query OK, 1360 rows affected (0.29 sec)
Records: 1360 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> insert into t select * from t;
Query OK, 2720 rows affected (1.49 sec)
Records: 2720 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
----在这里已经超过1s了，查看/tmp/mysqlslow.log1
[root@node4 data]# tail -f /tmp/mysqlslow.log1
# Time: 130801 2:36:25
# User@Host: root[root] @ localhost []
# Query_time: 2.274219 Lock_time: 0.000322 Rows_sent: 0 Rows_examined: 5440
use test;
SET timestamp=1375295785;
insert into t select * from t;
----log_queries_not_using_indexes参数实验
mysql> show variables like '%indexes%';
+-------------------------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+-------------------------------+-------+
| log_queries_not_using_indexes | OFF |
+-------------------------------+-------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> set log_queries_not_using_indexes = 1;
ERROR 1229 (HY000): Variable 'log_queries_not_using_indexes' is a GLOBAL variable and should be set with SET GLOBAL
mysql> set global log_queries_not_using_indexes = 1;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> show variables like '%indexes%';
+-------------------------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+-------------------------------+-------+
| log_queries_not_using_indexes | ON |
+-------------------------------+-------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> desc t;
+-----------------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-----------------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| TABLE_CATALOG | varchar(512) | NO | | | |
| TABLE_SCHEMA | varchar(64) | NO | | | |
| TABLE_NAME | varchar(64) | NO | | | |
| TABLE_TYPE | varchar(64) | NO | | | |
| ENGINE | varchar(64) | YES | | NULL | |
| VERSION | bigint(21) unsigned | YES | | NULL | |
| ROW_FORMAT | varchar(10) | YES | | NULL | |
| TABLE_ROWS | bigint(21) unsigned | YES | | NULL | |
| AVG_ROW_LENGTH | bigint(21) unsigned | YES | | NULL | |
| DATA_LENGTH | bigint(21) unsigned | YES | | NULL | |
| MAX_DATA_LENGTH | bigint(21) unsigned | YES | | NULL | |
| INDEX_LENGTH | bigint(21) unsigned | YES | | NULL | |
| DATA_FREE | bigint(21) unsigned | YES | | NULL | |
| AUTO_INCREMENT | bigint(21) unsigned | YES | | NULL | |
| CREATE_TIME | datetime | YES | | NULL | |
| UPDATE_TIME | datetime | YES | | NULL | |
| CHECK_TIME | datetime | YES | | NULL | |
| TABLE_COLLATION | varchar(32) | YES | | NULL | |
| CHECKSUM | bigint(21) unsigned | YES | | NULL | |
| CREATE_OPTIONS | varchar(255) | YES | | NULL | |
| TABLE_COMMENT | varchar(2048) | NO | | | |
+-----------------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
21 rows in set (0.05 sec)
----下面的命令是查看索引的
mysql> show index from t;
Empty set (0.01 sec)
mysql> select * from t where engine='xxx';
Empty set (0.18 sec)
# Time: 130801 2:43:43
# User@Host: root[root] @ localhost []
# Query_time: 0.185773 Lock_time: 0.148868 Rows_sent: 0 Rows_examined: 5440
SET timestamp=1375296223;
select * from t where engine='xxx';
四、Mysqldumpslow
如果日志内容很多，用眼睛一条一条看会累死，mysql自带了分析的工具，使用方法如下：
[root@node4 data]# mysqldumpslow --help
Usage: mysqldumpslow [ OPTS... ] [ LOGS... ]
Parse and summarize the MySQL slow query log. Options are
--verbose verbose
--debug debug
--help write this text to standard output
-v verbose
-d debug
-s ORDER what to sort by (al, at, ar, c, l, r, t), 'at' is default
al: average lock time
ar: average rows sent
at: average query time
c: count
l: lock time
r: rows sent
t: query time
-r reverse the sort order (largest last instead of first)
-t NUM just show the top n queries
-a don't abstract all numbers to N and strings to 'S'
-n NUM abstract numbers with at least n digits within names
-g PATTERN grep: only consider stmts that include this string
-h HOSTNAME hostname of db server for *-slow.log filename (can be wildcard),
default is '*', i.e. match all
-i NAME name of server instance (if using mysql.server startup script)
-l don't subtract lock time from total time
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